BY

DR. AKHLAQ HUSSAINakhlaq7@hotmail.com

STATUS OF SEED INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

Updated on 06-03-2011

March 08-2011ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION

AGRICULTURE AND WATER IN PAKISTAN

2

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SEED INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

• 1947-1961 – No independent seed production and distribution system

• 1961 – F&A Commission - West Pakistan Agricultural Development Corporation (WPADC) was created for procurement and distribution of seeds

• 1972 - WPADC dissolved

• Provincial Govt. - Seed production, multiplication, procurement and distribution Seed Act, 1976

• Government of Pakistan initiated “Seed Industry Development Project” on the recommendation of World Bank Appraisal Mission’s Report (23 Million $) which provided legislative support through Seed Act, 1976

• This enactment provided regulatory mechanism for controlling and regulating the quality seed through setting up of necessary institutional infrastructure;

- National Seed Council (NSC)/ Provincial Seed Councils - *Federal Seed Certification Agency (FSCA) & *National Seed Registration Agency

(NSRA) - *FSCA & NSRA were merged together as Federal Seed Certification & Registration

Department (FSC&RD) in 1997 for austerity measures

3

Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock (MINFAL) Islamabad

PrSC PrSC PrSC PrSC FSC&RDPunjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Islamabad

PSC SSC DOA DOA

PrSC = Provincial Seed CouncilPSC = Punjab Seed CorporationSSC = Sindh Seed CorporationDOA = Department of AgricultureFSC&RD = Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department, Islamabad

National Seed Council (NSC)

4

FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD(Section 6 of Seed Act, 1976)

1. Controlling the quality of seeds2. Registering growers in such manner and subject to such condition as may

be prescribed3. Certification of seeds4. Field inspection of the crops of registered varieties and released varieties

intended for sale as basic seed or certified seed5. Sampling and testing of seed lots intended for sale in order to as certain

their purity, viability, germination capacity and health status in the prescribed manner

6. Issuing certificates in respect of seed which meet the prescribed standards of particular category of seeds

7. carrying out post-control trials on pre-basic, basic and certified seeds8. Sampling and analyzing seed lots delivered to the processing plants to

establish a basis for the purchase of such lots9. Arranging training courses for Seed Certification Officer and10. Providing technical and specialist advices and assistance to the National

Seed Council in the performance of its functions(Continued)

5

FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD(Section 8 of Seed Act, 1976)

11. Conduct pre-registration checking of varieties submitted for the purpose of:

• determining suitability for registration as a variety

• providing definitive botanical description of crop varieties and

• providing information on genetic suitability and adaptability of varieties

• register seed varieties after conducting pre-registration checking under clause (i)

• publish a list of registered seed varieties and

• perform such other functions as the National Seed Council may entrust to it

6

FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL (NSC)

1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial seed industry

2. Direct initiation of provincial seed projects3. Protect/ensure investment in seed industry, approve/ sanction seed

standards, regulate inter-provincial seed movement, advice on seed imports

FUNCTIONS OF PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL (PSC)

1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial seed industry

2. Recommend changes in seed law, advice on seed standards and quality control, advice on maintenance, multiplication, supply of pure and healthy seeds of new varieties, advice on development of seed production farms, recommend and preparation of selected new varieties, recommend or withdrawal of certain deteriorated varieties

7

REGISTRATION OF SEED COMPANIES(Economic Coordination Committee 31-12-1979)

An “Inter-ministerial Working Group” has been constituted that is responsible for evaluating the proposals and registration/ deregistration of new seed companies in all the provinces of the country.

The Working Group Comprises of the Following:. Agriculture Development Commissioner (ADC), MinFA (CM). Secretary, Agriculture of each province.. Secretary Agriculture, AJK. Chief Food & Agriculture- Planning Division. Managing Directors, Punjab & Sindh Seed Corporations.. Director General, Federal Seed Certification & Registration

Department.

8

FIELD/REGIONAL LABORATORIES SETUP OF FSC & RD,

1. Lahore.2. Bahawalpur.3. Bahawalnagar. 4. Bhakkar.5. D.G.Khan.6. Faisalabad.7. Gujranwala.8. Khanewal.9. Multan. 10. R.Y.Khan. 11. Sahiwal.12. Sargodha.13. T.T.Singh. 14. Vehari.

REGIONAL DIRECTORPUNJAB

Deputy Director

Seed Cert. Officer/ Seed Analyst

REGIONAL DIRECTORBALOCHISTAN & SINDH

Deputy Director

1. Hyderabad.2. Karachi. 3. Larkana. 4. Mirpur Khas. 5. Sakrand. 6. Sukkur.

1. Quetta2. Dera

Allahyar.

REGIONAL DIRECTORKPK

Deputy Director

Seed Cert. Officer/ Seed Analyst

Seed Cert. Officer/ Seed Analyst

1. Peshawar. 2. Abbotabad.3. D.I.Khan.4. Mingora

(Swat)

DIRECTOR GENERALISLAMABAD

Seed Cert. Officer/ Seed Analyst

1. Gilgit-Baltistan

Total No. of Labs. 2827 (Field)01 (Hqr.)

9

SEED SECTORS AND SEED & PLANTING MATERIAL(Conventional, Hybrid, Transgenic seeds)

SeedSectors

Categories Crops/Seeds

Formal Sector

Public Sector Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables, Fruit and Nursery Plants

Private Sector

a. NationalCompanies

Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables, Fruits and Nursery Plants

b. MultiNationals

Hybrid Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages

c. SeedImporters

Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages, Potato and Vegetables

InformalSector

Farmers OwnSource

Wheat, Cotton, Rice etc.

10

SEED GENERATION SYSTEM CATEGORIES/ CLASSES/ PRODUCTION/ IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS

Category/Class

Agency Involved Identification

Breeder Nucleus Seed (BNS)

The purest seed of a particular variety prepared by the breeder of a particular research station/institute

Not certified by FSC&RD so labels are not issued. Identified by Seed Testing Report/Certificate

Pre-basic Seed

Progeny of Breeder/Nucleus Seed (BNS), highest genetic purity seed produced by the respective research institutes/breeders

White color labels with diagonal violet line issued by FSC&RD

Basic Seed Progeny of pre-basic seed and produced by an organization set up by the provincial government

White color labels issued by FSC&RD

Certified Seed

Progeny of basic seed and is produced with the registered growers of the seed producing agencies

Blue color labels issued by FSC&RD

Approved Seed

Seed true to species as approved by the FSC&RD

Yellow color labels issued by FSC&RD

Truthfully Labeled Seed

As imported by the importers under Seed (Truth in Labeling Rules, 1991) and assurance of the quality lies on the importers

Pink color labels of importing agency

11

TRADITIONAL VARIETY APPROVAL SYSTEM

• Selection of best performing strains by the plant breeder in Micro-Varietal Trials (MVTs)

• Performance and Adaptability testing through Zonal Varietal trails (ZVTs)

• National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYTs) by concerned National Crop Coordinator of PCCC for cotton and NARC/PARC (other crops)

• Receive application, Spot examination, evaluation for performance, quality and resistance etc. by Technical Experts Sub-Committees (TESCs)

• TESCs recommend to Provincial Seed Councils (PrSC) for approval/rejection of the variety

• Respective PrSC then Approves the Variety• NSC finally notifies the variety as Released/Approved• Registration of the variety by FSC&RD on the basis of VCU

recommendations by PCCC/PARC and DUS tests for at least two consecutive seasons/years

NOTIFICATION

PARC PCCC FSC&RD

VEC VEC DUS

PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL

APPROVAL & RELEASE

NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL

2 YRS2 YRS

FSRC

VARIETYREGISTRATION

SUBMITS

MICRO VARIETAL TRIALS

ZONAL VARIETAL TRIALS

SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN

SUB-STATIONS

GOVT. FARMSENLIGHTENEDFARMERS

BREEDER MAKES CROSSES

SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN BREEDING STATIONS

PARC PCCC

GERMPLASM GERMPLASM

ALL CROPS EXCEPT COTTON ONLY COTTON

MINFAL

13

Varieties Released & Registered so far (22-02-2011)

CropsNo. of Registered and Released Varieties

Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Islamabad PVT Pakistan

Wheat 54 20 35 7 2 -- 118

Barley 3 - 2 3 --- 8

Maize 8 - 12 -- --- 2 22

Rice 15 13 6 --- --- -- 34

Cotton 65 21 1 --- --- 9 96

Sugarcane 12 6 16 --- -- 1 35

Pulses 39 4 17 1 5 -- 66

Oilseeds 17 4 20 -- 8 5 54

Fodders 21 --- 7 1 --- 2 31

Vegetables 33 1 12 8 --- -- 54

Fruits -- -- 31 -- -- -- 31

Total 267 69 159 20 15 19 549

14

SEED LAWS/ RULES IN PAKISTANSr Title of Seed Act/Rule Date of

Notification1 Seed Act, 1976 1976

2 Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 1987

3 Amendments in Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 5-6-2003

4 Procedures, Directions and Seed Standards, 1988 1988

5 Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 28-2-1998

6 Amendment in Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 6-5-2003

7 Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 12-3-1991

8 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 19-1-1998

9 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 12-10-1993

10 Seed Amendment Bill – 2009 Under process

11 Plant Breeders Rights Bill - 2009 Under process

15

SEED (AMMENDMENT) BILL – 2009

To broaden scope of regulation business, enhance participation and investment of private sector in seed industry and safeguard farmers interest

1. Availability of Pre-basic seed to the private sector2. Establishing Accredited Seed Testing Laboratories in private sector3. Registration of Seed Companies/ Dealers and Processing Plants4. Enhancement of penalties/fines for effective seed act enforcement5. Restriction on unapproved/banned varieties and misbranding 6. Registration of the seed related Persons/ Organizations7. Every Seed Dealer shall clearly display at his place of business the

sale prices of different crop seeds held by him including the opening and closing stocks on a daily basis.

16

PLANT BREEDERS RIGHT BILL - 2009

1. To encourage plant breeders/ seed organizations/multinational seedcompanies to invest in research and plant breeding

2. Development of superior varieties of field, vegetable andornamental/horticultural crops

3. Healthy competition for variety development in public and privatesector

4. To facilitate an access to protected foreign varieties5. Protection of local varieties abroad6. Encourage state plant breeders through financial incentives as royalty

on their protected varieties and revenue generation for researchinstitutes

7. Discipline in seed industry

17

NUMBER OF REGISTERED SEED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN(1980-2011)

Category Punjab Sindh KPK G.B B.tan TotalPublic Sector 1 1 1 1 4Private –National

600 91 20 02 7 720

Private –Multinationals

4 1 - - 5

Total Active 605 93 21 02 08 729

Cancelled 129 14 07 0 150

TOTAL734 107 28 02 08 879

* Multinationals : Monsanto, Pioneer, ICI, Syngenta and BayerSource: FSC&RD, Islamabad

18

TOTAL SEED AVAILABILITY DURING 2007-08Crop/Seed Total Seed

Requirement(MT)

Total Seed Availability (MT)Public Private Local Imported Total

Wheat 1044964 55534.05.31%

13509912.92%

19063418.23%

--- 190634.9418.3%

Paddy 39,660 23715.97%

996925.14%

12340.0031.11%

1528.373.85%

13868.3734.0%

Maize 30,036 214.000.71%

307210.23%

328610.94%

6499.2221.64%

9785.2232.57 %

Cotton 40,000 30357.58%

26656.2066.64%

29691.274.22%

--- 29691.274.22%

Pulses 48346 5911.22%

749.161.54%

1340.162.76%

--- 1340.162.76 %

Oilseeds 16041 190.91.19%

600.37%

2501.56%

1653.3910.30%

1903.9311.86%

Fodders 70000 500.07%

49.410.07%

99.410.14%

993213.56%

10131.4114.47%

Vegetables 5500 2394.34%

5349.70%

77314.05%

5886.0107.07%

6659121.07%

Potato 311500 251.350.08%

1500.05%

401.350.13%

4889.561.56%

5290.901.69%

TOTAL 1614296 62476.253.87%

176338.7710.92 %

238874.9214.79 %

30388.421.88 %

269305.2816.68%

19

TOTAL SEED AVAILABILITY DURING 2008-09

Crop/SeedTotal Seed

Requirement(MT)

Total Seed Availability (MT)Public Private Local Imported Total

Local+Imp)

Wheat 1085520 57,704.67 5.59%

157595.2715.25 %

215,299.9420.84%

___ 215,299.94 20.84 %

Paddy 36,960 6,643.52 17.97 %

24101.92 65.21%

30745.483.18%

932.73 2.52 %

31,678.17 85.70 %

Maize 30,036.00 253.280.84 %

1625.0975.41 %

1878.376.25%

10,259.6234.16%

12137.9940.61 %

Cotton 40,000.00 1,898.44 4.75%

16746.6741.87%

18645.1146.61%

____ 18,645.11 46.61 %

Pulses 48,612.74 1,080.47 2.22 %

284.75 0.59 %

1365.222.81%

____ 1,365.222.81 %

Oil Seeds 16041 291.10 8.56 %

170.00 5.00 %

461.1013.56%

1,562.88 45.96 %

2,023.9859.52 %

Fodders 70000 9.200.02 %

__ 9.200.02%

9,221.20 13.17 %

9230.413.19%

Vegetables 5500.00 111.002.01 %

153627.92 %

164729.94 %

2,674.2748.61 %

432178.56 %

Potato 372,725.00 378.75 0.10 %

12.000.00 %

390.750.10%

5,150.60 1.38 %

5,541.351.49 %

TOTAL 1705394.00 68370434.25%

202071.1712.571%

270441.5715.86%

29800 300241.57(17.60%)

20

SECTOR-WISE SEED AVAILABILITY 2006-07Crop/Seed Total Seed

Requirement(TSR)(MT)

Total Seed Availability (MT)Formal Sector

% of TSR Informal Sector

% of TSR

Wheat 10,27,080 203946.96 19.86 823133.04 80.14

Paddy 39,660 14680.02 37.01 24979.98 62.99

Maize 30,036 11426.89 38.04 18609.11 61.96

Cotton 65,000 34169.67 52.57 30830.33 47.43

PULSES 48,346 1100.55 2.28 47245.45 97.72

OILSEEDS 16,041 1708.74 10.65 14332.26 89.35

FODDERS 70000 11763.48 16.00 61485.52 83.94

VEGETABLES 5,500 6546.39 119.03 ??? ???

Potato 3,11,500 8200.06 2.63 303299.94 97.37

TOTAL 16,16,412 2,93,542.76 18.16 13,23,915.63 81.90

21

•VEGETABLES SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2001-09

Year Total Seed Requirement

(MT)

Seed Availability (MT) Value of Imported Seed

Local Imported Total Million Rs.2000-01 5085 211.90

(4.17%)3445.72

(67.76%)3657.62

(71.93%)314.68

2001-02 5150 592.82(11.51%)

2635.20(51.17%)

3228.02(62.68%)

309.81

2002-03 5156 645.50(12.53%)

2450.63(47.53%)

3087.13(59.87%)

393.97

2003-04 5268 861.06(16.34%)

3151.32(59.82%)

4012.38(76.17%)

434.13

2004-05 5270 408.00(7.74%)

4631.68(87.89%)

5039.68(95.63%)

599.54

2005-06 5500 713.17(12.97%)

6526.14(118.66%)

7239.31(131.62%)

803.80

2006-07 5213 741(14.21%)

6287.62(120.61%)

7028.62(134.81%)

875.57

2007-08 5500 773(14.05%)

5886(107.01%)

6659(121.07%)

1066.76

2008-09 5500 1647.29 %

267448 %

432178 %

763

2009-10 5500 198036 %

355364 %

5533100 %

1085

22

CONSTRAINTS IN VEGETABLE SEED CERTIFICATION SYSTEM

• There is lack of professional strength and incentives to the vegetables research institutes

• Lack of efficient breeding programs, commercially released varieties are either introduction or selection from imported exotic germplasm

• poor availability of high quality early generation seed in public sector for multiplication to basic and certified seed by private sector

23

ACTION PLAN FOR VEGETABLE SEED PRODUCTION

1. Arrangement of elite germplasm from International research institutes (AVRDC etc)

2. International cooperation in research for hybrid vegetable seed research and production technology

3. Trainings (3-4/anum) on vegetable seed production technology, seed processing, packaging, storage etc.

4. Joint ventures of national and foreign seed companies for vegetables seed production

24

SUNFLOWER SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2000-08Year Total Seed

Requirement Seed Availability (MT) Value of Imported

Seed

(MT) Local Imported Total Million Rs.2000-01 1250 224.80

(17.98%)257.20

(20.58%)502.00

(40.16%)50.27

2001-02 1350 432.36(32.03%)

359.90(26.66%)

468.35(34.69%)

70.01

2002-03 1612 7.88(0.49%)

468.00(29.03%)

475.88(29.52%)

94.40

2003-04 1730 4.00(0.20%)

1093.00(63.18%)

1097.00(63.41%)

213.14

2004-05 2025 4.00(0.20%)

1436.36(70.93%)

1440.36(71.13%)

315.42

2005-06 2265 -- 1618.20(71.44%)

1618.02(71.44%)

358.18

2006-07 3035 -- 1133.67(37.35%)

1133.67(37.35%)

306.63

2007-08 2979.79 -- 1639(55.00)

163955%)

422.00

2008-09 2398.0 -- 1533(63 %)

1533(63%)

562

25

MAIZE SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY 2000-08Year Total Seed

Requirement Seed Availability (MT) Value of

Imported Seed (MT) Local Imported Total Million Rs.

2000-01 28,740 629(2.19%)

2300(8.00%)

2929(10.19%)

216.41

2001-02 27,970 908(3.25%)

2227(7.96%)

3135(11.21%)

223.87

2002-03 37,760 1470.78(3.90%)

3536.50(9.37%)

5007.28(13.26%)

443.44

2003-04 37,782 1572.00(4.16%)

3749.00(9.92%)

5321.00(14.08%)

441.00

2004-05 38,010 1987.33(5.23%)

4318.07(11.53%)

6305.40(16.59%)

798.17

2005-06 30,888 3393.01*(10.98%)

7443.61(24.10%)

10836.62(35.08%)

1337.24

2006-07 30,036 4947.70(16.47%)

6479.19(21.57%)

11426.89(38.04%)

1100.22

2007-08 30,000 3286(10.95%)

6175.00(20.58%)

9785.00(32.62%)

1152.86

2008-09 30,036 770(2.56%)

10259.00(34.19%)

9785.00(32.62%)

2360

2009-10 31170 2144(7.15%)

7260.00(24.2%)

9785.00(32.62%)

1852

26

Year Total Seed Requirement Seed Availability (MT) Value of Imported Seed

(MT) Local Imported Total Million Rs. 2000-01 44250 4594.36 3.15 4597.51 0.19

2001-02 43360 4866.0 25.03 4891.03 2.88

2002-03 44500 5716.0 63.0 5779.00 6.55

2003-04 49010 10219.0 20.06 10239.06 2.09

2004-05 39184 11037.0 141.55 11178.55 15.04

2005-06 39645 15452.01 360.49 15812.50 39.75

2006-07 39660 13574.034.23%

1106.022.78%

14680.0237.02%

128.00

2007-08 39660 12340.031.12%

1528.373.85%

13868.3734.97%

225.70

2008-09 36960 3074583.18%

9322.52%

3167785.70%

180

2009-10 38920 1927849.53%

29757.64%

2225357.18%

603.0

Rice Seed Requirement, Availability, Import & Value 2000-10

27

POTATO SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2002-10Year Total Seed

Requirement Seed Availability (MT) Value of Imported

Seed (MT) Local Imported Total Million Rs.

2002-03 2,89,500 818.2(0.28%)

4210.42(1.45%)

5028.62(1.73%)

133.284

2003-04 2,74,300 1115(0.41%)

805.4(0.29%)

1920.4(0.70%)

26.103

2004-05 2,74,300 1025.90(0.37%)

5027.00(1.83%)

6052.90(2.20%)

186.80

2005-06 2,76,250 2031.90(0.74%)

6511.03(2.36%)

8542.93(3.09%)

229.19

2006-07 3,11,500 1315.00(0.42%)

6885.00(2.21%)

8200.00(2.63%)

306.68

2007-08 3,11,800 401.35(0.13%)

4869.56(1.56%)

5290.91(1.69%)

245.03

2008-09 372725 480(0.13%)

5151(1.38%)

5.631(1.51%)

309

2009-10 372725 298 7536 7834(2.10%)

545.0

28

IMPORT OF FODDER SEEDS IN MT DURING 2001-09Year/

FodderAlfalfa

(Million Rs.) Barseem(Million Rs.)

Sorghum(Million Rs.)

Pearl Millet(Million Rs.)

Grasses(Million Rs.)

Total(Million Rs.)

2001-02 4.84(0.87)

5117.65(201.12)

805.05(38.63)

-- 0.60(0.18)

5928.14(240.80)

2002-03 87(6.03)

9,929(453.39)

1,367(53.17)

-- 0.63(0.17)

11383.63(512.76)

2003-04 5.0(1.00)

4,348(177.91)

1,203(60.28)

1.14(0.22)

0.83(0.17)

5557.97(239.58)

2004-05 -- 2374(116.39)

1,663(54.32)

2.31(10.52)

1.67(0.33)

4040.98(181.56)

2005-06 67(7.50)

5,740(223.26)

3,925.09(110.84)

18.01(1.06)

1.30(0.32)

9751.40(342.98)

2006-07 298.52(40.44)

6304.00(291.46)

4872.03(146.09)

255.72(32.24)

3.76(1.40)

11754(526)

2007-08 1045.24(147.00)

4106.00(316.23)

3743.15(159.14)

531.49(42.18)

6.16(2.28)

9432.04(666.83)

2008-09 579(92.84)

220(15.48)

6590(348.44)

1831(229.40)

- 9222(686.0)

2009-10 596(86.55)

484(30.01)

8972(488.72)

1726(171.89)

0.31(0.64)

11780(780.0)

29

IMPORT OF SEEDS OF ALL CROPS IN PAKISTAN (2006-10)

•2009-10 •2008-09 •2006-07 •2007-08

Category Crops/Seeds

Quan-tity

ValueRs. (Mil.)

Quantity (MT)

Value Rs. (Mills)

Quantity(MT)

Value Rs. (Mills)

Quantity (MT)

Value (million Rs.)

Vegetables 40 Species 3553 1085 2674 763.0 5804.52 862.50 5885.88 100.76

Cereals Maize 7260 1852 10259 2360 6479.19 1100.22 6175.32 1152.86

Paddy 2975 603 932 180 1106.02 128.00 1528.37 225.70

Fodders Alfalfa 596 86.55 579.60 92.84 298.52 40.44 1045.24 147.00

Berseem 484 30.01 220 15.48 6304.00 293.73 4106.00 316.23

Sorghum 8972 30.01 6569 348.44 4872.03 158.30 3743.15 159.14

Pearl millet

1726 171.89 1831 229.40 255.72 322.40 6.16 2.28

Grasses 0.31 0.64 - - 3.76 1.40 531.49 42.18

Total 11780 780 9222 686 11734.03 526.12

Oilseeds Sunflower 2160 958 1533 562 1133.67 306.63 1639.36 421.97

Canola 57 28 30 12 11.00 2.96 14.03 4.14

Jatropha 1 0.13 - - 0.10 0.005

Total 2218 1566 1248 1144.77 309.60

Others Potato 7536 545 5151 309 6885.06 306.68 4869.56 245.03

G.Total 35322 5851.1368.84 Mil. US $

29801 487257.32 Mil. US $

33,153.59 3233.1252.20 Mil. US $

29544.56 2817.29

30

ESTIMATED NATIONAL SEED REQUIREMENT AND ITS COMMERICAL VALUE 2008-09

Sr. No.

Crop/Seed Seed Rate

(kg per Hec)

Area Total Seed Requireme

nt (MT)

Av. Price (Rs./Kg)

Internal Commercial

Market (Mill. PKR.)

Internal Commercial

Market (Mill. US $)

1 Wheat 120 9046000 1085520 30 32565.6 378.67

2 Barley 100 86000 8600

3Paddy (Fine) 7 1696800 11877.60 59 700.78 8.24

Paddy (Course)

20 1265800 25316 34 860.74 15.19

4 Maize (OPV) 30 704540 21136 25 528.40 6.22

Maize (HYB) 20 347160 10000 250 2500.00 29.41

5 Cotton 14 2820000 39480 100 3948 37.16

OIL SEED

6 Sunflower 5 319473 1597.365 690 1102 1.56

7 Canola 5 12400 58.8 75 4.42 0.25

8 Rapeseeds & Mustards

5 244900 1224.5 30 36.735 0.432

9 Soybean 75 53 3.97 60 0.24 2.81

10 Sesame 5 90700 454 140 63.56 0.75

11 Linseed 15 5432 81.48 150 12.22 0.14

12 Groundnut 100 92800 9280 150 1392 16.38

• Continue………

31

ESTIMATED NATIONAL SEED REQUIREMENT AND ITS COMMERICAL VALUE 2007-08

Sr Crop/Seed Seed Rate(kg per Hec)

Area Total Seed Requirement

(MT)

Av. Price (Rs./Kg)

Internal Commercial

Market (Mill. PKR.)

Internal Commercial

Market (Mill. US $)

Pulses

13 Gram 40 1080600 43224.00 53 2290.872 26.95

14 Mungbean 25 219700 5492.5 75 411.94 4.85

15 Lentil 10 30900 309 80 24.72 0.29

16 Mash 20 27600 552 80 44.16 0.52

17 Potato 2500 145000 362500 32 11600 136.47

18 Vegetable 252.9 5500 204 1122 13.2

19. Fodder and Forages

29.6 2369700 70000 180 12600 148.24

Total 20.85 Million Hectare

1.7000million tonne

71800 845.0

*Reflects the commercial value of the available seed in the country during 2008-09( 1 US $= 85 PKR)

32

Potential Seed Market of PakistanCrop Seed Requirement Price/kg Domestic Market

(Million Rs.)

Wheat (OP) 1085520 30 32565.0

Cotton (OP)Bt Hybrid

400001000

40000.0

Paddy (Fine) 11877.0 59 700.0

Paddy Coarse (Hyb) 25316.0 300 7594.0

Maize (Hyb) 31000.0 450 13950.0

Gram, Lentil, Mung, Mash 50000.0 72 3600.0

Canola (Hyb) 6000 790 47.4

Rape& Mustard 1224 30 36.72

Potato 362500 32 11600

Vegetables (Hyb) 5500 - 2000.0

Fodder (Hyb) 70000 300 21000.0

133092.7

US $= 1565.0 million

33

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2001- 10 (PSC)

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation

Crop/Seed

Average Sale Price of Certified Seed (Rs/Kg)

2000-01 2001-02

2002-03 2003-04

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Wheat 11.65 11.80 12.00 12.50 15.00 16.37 17.50 18.50 29.20 38

Cotton (Fuzzy) 27.00 28.27 27.50 30.11 41.56 30.13 50.00 61.25 49.50 105

Cotton (Delinted) 36.00 36.24 38.88 41.80 57.50 41.39 62.50 110.00 80.00 160

Paddy (Fine) 19.17 20.75 23.33 24.38 25.63 25.25 30.00 62.50 59.00 52.5

Paddy (Coarse) 11.50 13.00 13.50 14.50 16.25 17.00 20.00 25.00 34.00 32.5

Maize (OPVs) 10.50 12.75 14.50 11.60 14.00 16.80 18.00 21.00 25.00 28.0

Maize (Hybrids) - - - - - 150.00 175.00 220.00 250.00455.0

250

Gram 22.50 29.00 31.50 18.00 21.00 22.50 35.00 37.00 53.60

Mung 50.00 47.50 74.50 110.0

Potato 20.67 24.67 14.00 26.67 28.67 33.33 36.00 26.00 30.00 32.0

Canola 24.00 - - - - 30.00 15.00 24.00 ---

Raya - - - - - - 30.00 35.00 67.00

Berseem 80.00 - 100.00 90.00 100.00 100.00 85.00 250.00 250.00

Sesame (Til) 80.00 --- 140.00

Millet( Bajra) 22.50 25.00 105.00

Guar seed 25.00 35.00 ---

34

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2006- 09 (PSC)

VEGETABLE

CROP/SEED

Average Sale Price of Certified Vegetable Seed (Rs/Kg)

Sale Price of Imported Hybrid Seed

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 CROP PRICE RS/kg

US $

Okra 82.00 120.00 200.00 Tomato 95000 1117.0

Peas 56.00 40.00 60.00 Chillies 80000 941

Carrot 150.00 250.00 280.00 Cucumber 13000 153

Radish 78.00 100.00 120.00 Watermelon 17000 200

Turnip(Purple top) 75.00 85.00 100. Okra 2500 30

Turnip(Gold Ball) 90.00 95.00 100.00 Cauliflower 35000 412

Bitter gourd 400.00 550.00 600.00 Onion 18000 212

Bottle gourd 120.00 160.00 200.00 Bitter gourd 10000 118

Spinach 45.00 45.00 ---

Methi 120.00 --- ---

Tinda gourd 100.00 300.00 180.00

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation• Importers Price

35

FRUIT NURSERY PLANTS

• There is no fruit plant certification programme in the country except KPK where a proactive programme of registration of fruit nurseries and certification of fruit plants specifically of pome and stone fruits has been initiated

• Three Germplasm Units (GPUs) for certification of fruit plants/ propagating material were set up in KPK for certification of tropical (D. I. Khan), sub-tropical (Dargai, Swat), and temperate fruits/pome & stone fruits (Baikan, Swat) shift to Haripur.

• More than 62 nurseries have been registered while about 27,000certified plants were distributed through these nurseries during 2006-07

• Punjab Province has also initiated this project on citrus, peaches, mango and date palm etc and has established 4 GPUs i.e. Khanewal (Mango).

36

GPU OF PUNJAB/GILGIT-NA/NWFPPUNJAB

Sr.No GPU Name Location Varieties

1- Sub-tropical Fruit GPU-Citrus

Mother Block, Mohammad Nagar Arif walla ,Agri-Farm

36

2- Tropical FruitGPU-Mango

Mother Block, Khanewal Farm ,Agri-Farm 12

3- Sub-tropical Fruit GPU-Citrus

Mother Block,SodiJai Wali Sargodha 25

4- Peaches GPU Mother & Multiplication Block. Horticulture Sub -Research Station Khatwai Sargodha

12

Gilgit-NA area

1 Temperate Fruit GPU Mother & Multiplication BlockAgriculture Research Gilgit

Rootstock Plantation(44)

NWFP-Province

1- Tropical GPU Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research Ratakulachi D.I.Khan NWFP

2- Subtropical Fruit GPU(Citrus)

Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research Sherkhana –Dargai NWFP

3- Subtropical Fruit GPU(Citrus)

Mother+Multpication Block,Purrain Agri-farm Haripur NWFP

44

4- Temperate Fruit GPU Agriculture Research Station Bafa Manshera 56

37

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2008- 09 (PSC)

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation

Crop/Seed

Average Sale Price of Certified Seed (Rs/Kg)

2000-01 2001-02

2002-03 2003-04

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Wheat 11.65 11.80 12.00 12.50 15.00 16.37 17.50 18.50 29.20 38

Cotton (Fuzzy) 27.00 28.27 27.50 30.11 41.56 30.13 50.00 61.25 49.50 105

Cotton (Delinted) 36.00 36.24 38.88 41.80 57.50 41.39 62.50 110.00 80.00 160

Paddy (Fine) 19.17 20.75 23.33 24.38 25.63 25.25 30.00 62.50 59.00 52.5

Paddy (Coarse) 11.50 13.00 13.50 14.50 16.25 17.00 20.00 25.00 34.00 32.5

Maize (OPVs) 10.50 12.75 14.50 11.60 14.00 16.80 18.00 21.00 25.00 28.0

Maize (Hybrids) - - - - - 150.00 175.00 220.00 250.00455.0

250

Gram 22.50 29.00 31.50 18.00 21.00 22.50 35.00 37.00 53.60

Mung 50.00 47.50 74.50 110.0

Potato 20.67 24.67 14.00 26.67 28.67 33.33 36.00 26.00 30.00 32.0

Canola 24.00 - - - - 30.00 15.00 24.00 75.00 85.0

Raya - - - - - - 30.00 35.00 67.00

Berseem 80.00 - 100.00 90.00 100.00 100.00 85.00 250.00 100.0

Sesame (Til) 80.00 --- 140.00

Millet( Bajra) 22.50 25.00 105.00

Guar seed 25.00 35.00 ---

38

• ACTION PLAN/ STRATEGIES

Establishment of an independent seed act enforcement wing, with all requisite infrastructure is suggested, to effectively control sub-standard seed business activities and promote certified seed business.

– Seed (Amendment) Bill 2009 and Plant Breeders Bill – 2009 are required to be promulgated to accommodate the private sector for investment and research and seed industry.

To meet the modern era challenge we need to develop our human resource capacity through foreign trainings especially in plant variety Registration , Plant Variety Protection Systems, Fruit Certification System, GMOs Testing, Accreditation of Laboratories etc

Hybrid seed production projects of maize, sunflower, canola, fodders (sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid, mazenta hybrid, bajra-napiergrass hybrid, hybrid Pearlmillet etc.) and vegetables etc. should be initiated. Joint ventures of public research institutes and private sector seed companies are a good option to promote hybrid seed

– Production of biotech seeds of various crops on local basis independently as well as through joint ventures with foreign stakeholders should be promoted to encourage and popularize the biotech seed industry

Fruit seed certification system should be extended throughout the country for production and distribution of true to type and disease free fruit plants of improved varieties

39

Continue….

• The Testing results of such R&D based seed companies as official Testingand be evaluated by some designated team visiting their trials.

• Seed dealers of multinational seed companies keep the record of their salein register to stop the black marketing and to avoid the role of middle man.

• Plant Quarantine laws/Rules be revised keeping in view the latestrequirements of international seed business and SPS measures.

• Provincial and Federal Research Institutes Facilitation for access to geneticresources to R&D based seed companies under MTA.

40

NATIONAL SEED POLICY

• National Seed Policy need to be developed to establish road map for PublicPrivate Partnership or Consortium model as develop by ICRISAT, India, whereprivate seed companies can jointly fund research that results in publicallyavailable Inbred lines/ Parental material. ICRISTA is emphasizing more onPub-Pvt Partnership due to effectiveness of Private sector for transferringresults to farmers.

• National seed policy can define for contractual research by Public SectorResearch Institute and availability of inbred lines on exclusive rights basis.

• Public Sector Seed Corporation should confine to seed multiplication of highvolume and low value crops along with production of pre-basic seed to caterthe requirements of private sector.

• Restriction to MSC to transfer hybrid technology to Pakistan as was done inIndia (3 years).

• It should facilitate acquisition of genetic resources from abroad by publicsector organization, evaluation in the country and then availability of targetedgermplasm to R&D based seed companies.