Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in …...Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development...
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On behalf of
Status of Land-based Wind Energy
Development in Germany
Year 2018
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
Notes
The data from 2012 onward was obtained through surveys with industry representatives, as well as
additional research. The basis of the data for the years 1992 – 2011 are analyses of the DEWI.
The information provided within the text and the figures partially includes rounded values. Thus, when
added, there is a possibility of deviations from the overall values.
The cumulative data may be overestimated due to the incomplete capture of dismantling.
Analyses that rely on deviating data bases (i.e. BNetzA Installations Core Data) exhibit a deviating data
inventory.
Photo on Title Page
© Bundesverband WindEnergie/Tim Riediger/nordpool
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Email [email protected]
URL http://www.windguard.com/
Contents
Net and Gross Wind Energy Additions ................................................................................................................................... 3
Average Wind Turbine Generator Configuration ................................................................................................................ 4
Dismantling and Repowering ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Regional Distribution of Wind Energy Additions ............................................................................................................... 6
Regional Distribution of the Cumulative Portfolio ............................................................................................................. 7
Regional Distribution of Awarded Bids ................................................................................................................................... 8
Bid and Award Values of the Tenders .................................................................................................................................... 9
Permitted Capacity and Future Tender Rounds.................................................................................................................10
Monthly Power Production and Market Values .................................................................................................................11
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
3
Net and Gross Wind Energy Additions
Over the course of 2018, 743 wind turbine
generators (WTG) were erected in Germany. This
is equivalent to a gross addition of 2,402 MW.
Following several years marked with considerable
additions, this is a sizeable decline. Compared to
2017, 55% less capacity was installed. Bearing in
mind the dismantling of 205 WTG with a
combined capacity of 249 MW, the resulting net
additions for 2018 are 2,154 MW. The recorded
cumulative turbine portfolio subsequently
increased to 29,213 WTG with an overall capacity
of 52,931 MW by December 31st, 2018.
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development
Capacity Number
Develo
pm
en
t
Year
20
18
Gross additions 2,402 MW 743 WTG
Repowering share
(non-binding) 363 MW 111 WTG
Dismantling
(incl. subsequent
registration)
(non-binding)
249 MW 205 WTG
Net additions 2,154 MW 538 WTG
Cu
mu
lati
ve
20
18
-12
-31
Cumulative WTG
portfolio (non-
binding)
52,931 MW 29,213 WTG
Annual Development Land-based Wind Energy in Germany
-10 GW
0 GW
10 GW
20 GW
30 GW
40 GW
50 GW
60 GW
-1 GW
0 GW
1 GW
2 GW
3 GW
4 GW
5 GW
6 GW
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
ort
foli
o
An
nu
al
Develo
pm
en
t
Cumulative Capacity (New Projects) Cumulative Capacity (Repowering)
Annual Dismantled Capacity Annual Installed Capacity (New Projects)
Annual Installed Capacity (Repowering)
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
4
Average Wind Turbine Generator Configuration
The average turbine configuration of newly
installed wind turbine generators is described by
the parameters of nominal capacity, rotor
diameter, hub height and specific capacity. The
specific area capacity is the result of the nominal
capacity in relation to the area swept across by
the rotor.
In contrast to the previous year, in particular the
nominal capacity of WTG developed an upward
trend and increased by 9% to 3,233 MW. Rotor
diameter and hub height also increased – each
by 4% compared to the previous year – to
118 meters and 132 meters, respectively. The
specific area capacity of 303 W/m2 was 2% lower
compared to the year before.
The range of turbine configurations used in
Germany is very large. The box plot diagram
below shows this clearly: of individual WTG the
nominal capacity, for example, is between 0.8 and
4.5 MW. Most turbines (depicted by quartiles),
however, have a capacity of 3 to 3.45 MW.
Range of Configuration Values of newly installed WTG
25% - 50% 50% - 75% Ⱶ Minimum/Maximum
0 MW
1 MW
2 MW
3 MW
4 MW
5 MW
6 MW
7 MW
Turbine Capacity
Ø 3,233 kW
0 W/m²
100 W/m²
200 W/m²
300 W/m²
400 W/m²
500 W/m²
600 W/m²
700 W/m²
Specific Power
Ø 303 W/m²
0 m
50 m
100 m
150 m
200 m
250 m
300 m
350 m
Rotor Diameter Hub Height
Ø 118 m Ø 132 m
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
5
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
-600 MW
-400 MW
-200 MW
0 MW
200 MW
400 MW
600 MW
800 MW
1,000 MW
1,200 MW
Rep
ow
eri
ng
Sh
are
Rep
ow
eri
ng
an
d D
ism
an
tlin
g
Annual Dismantled Capacity
Annual Installed Capacity (Repowering)
Repowering Share of Annual Capacity Addition [%]
Dismantling and Repowering
Over the course of 2018, 205 dismantled WTG
with an overall capacity of 249 MW were
captured. A portion of these were replaced by
111 new WTG in the framework of repowering.
These repowering WTG had an overall capacity of
363 MW. With that, the newly installed
repowering capacity dropped in comparison to
the previous year, but the repowering share of
the gross additions of 2018 continued to increase
succeeding the decrease after the elimination of
the repowering bonus in 2014.
The dismantling capturing includes late
registrations from the previous year, as well as
decommissionings published in the installations
core data of the German Federal Network Agency
(German: Bundesnetzagentur or BNetzA). The
identification of WTG dismantled in the past is
subject to increased uncertainty and may
assumedly remain incomplete despite the
capturing of late registrations.
Repowering Share, annual installed Repowering Capacity and dismantled Capacity
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
6
Regional Distribution of Wind Energy Additions
Compensation elements differentiated by
location allowed for wind energy development to
reach far inland. Subject to a variety of factors
(land availability, regional political decisions etc.)
additions in the German Federal States took
place inconsistently.
Although only about half of the turbines can be
considered new installations, just as in the
previous year Lower Saxony is the state with the
largest gross additions for 2018. North Rhine-
Westphalia and Brandenburg are trailing at a
noticeable distance.
The average turbine configuration also displays
distinct differences across the federal states.
Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and Bremen, in
particular, stand out with on average very low
hub heights. In comparison, larger hub heights
and a lower specific area capacity are common in
the south. Regional Distribution of Gross Capacity Additions
Gross Additions in 2018 Average Configuration of newly added WTG
Po
siti
on
State Capacity
Addition
Number
of Added
WTG
Share in
the Gross
Capacity
Addition
WTG
Capacity
Rotor
Diameter
Hub
Height
Specific
Power
1 Lower Saxony 718 MW 206 WTG 29,9% 3,483 kW 120 m 132 m 317 W/m²
2 North Rhine-
Westphalia 331 MW 106 WTG 13,8% 3,120 kW 116 m 140 m 302 W/m²
3 Brandenburg 289 MW 91 WTG 12,0% 3,181 kW 120 m 135 m 284 W/m²
4 Hesse 220 MW 70 WTG 9,1% 3,136 kW 118 m 145 m 288 W/m²
5 Rhineland-Palatinate 203 MW 66 WTG 8,4% 3,070 kW 117 m 143 m 289 W/m²
6 Schleswig-Holstein 147 MW 49 WTG 6,1% 2,992 kW 103 m 92 m 365 W/m²
7 Mecklenburg-
Western Pomerania 127 MW 38 WTG 5,3% 3,330 kW 120 m 119 m 300 W/m²
8 Thuringia 112 MW 33 WTG 4,7% 3,405 kW 121 m 132 m 300 W/m²
9 Baden-Württemberg 87 MW 26 WTG 3,6% 3,362 kW 123 m 143 m 283 W/m²
10 Saarland 60 MW 21 WTG 2,5% 2,857 kW 116 m 140 m 269 W/m²
11 Saxony-Anhalt 33 MW 11 WTG 1,4% 2,991 kW 113 m 123 m 304 W/m²
12 Saxony 31 MW 10 WTG 1,3% 3,050 kW 112 m 117 m 305 W/m²
13 Bavaria 22 MW 8 WTG 0,9% 2,731 kW 116 m 133 m 261 W/m²
14 Bremen 13 MW 4 WTG 0,5% 3,200 kW 113 m 104 m 319 W/m²
15 Hamburg 11 MW 4 WTG 0,5% 2,850 kW 117 m 91 m 265 W/m²
16 Berlin 0 MW 0 WTG 0,0%
Germany 2,402 MW 743 WTG 3,233 kW 118 m 132 m 303 W/m²
Addition (gross) and Average Configuration of newly installed WTG in the German Federal States
Gross Additions
≥ 450 MW
≥ 400 MW and < 450 MW
≥ 350 MW and < 400 MW
≥ 300 MW and < 350 MW
≥ 250 MW and < 300 MW
≥ 200 MW and < 250 MW
≥ 150 MW and < 200 MW
≥ 100 MW and < 150 MW
≥ 50 MW and < 100 MW
< 50 MW
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
7
Regional Distribution of the Cumulative Portfolio
The cumulative turbine portfolio is also
distributed across the entire Federal Republic of
Germany. In all federal states, WTG are being
operated and contribute to the energy
production transformation. While the undeniably
largest number of WTG and largest installed
capacity is found in Lower Saxony, the largest
WTG portfolio in relation to the land area is
found in Schleswig-Holstein. In the south, where
development started later on, the portfolio is
smaller. The northern federal states incorporate
41% of the overall capacity, the share of the
federal states in the middle of the country is 43%
and the remaining 15% of the cumulative
capacity are found in the southern states.
The data presented here differ from other
publications due to the presumably incomplete
capture of dismantling and due to inconsistent
definition and systematics. These deviations
might be solved in the future by evaluation of the
upcoming core energy market data register.
Regional Distribution of the Cumulative Capacity
Reg
ion
Cumulative Portfolio (2018-12-31)
State Capacity Number
No
rth
Lower Saxony 11,165 MW 6,305 WTG
Schleswig-Holstein 6,964 MW or 6,536 MW* 3,661 WTG or 2,959 WTG*
Mecklenburg-Western
Pomerania 3,366 MW 1,920 WTG
Bremen 198 MW 91 WTG
Hamburg 128 MW 65 WTG
Cen
tral
Brandenburg 7,081 MW 3,821 WTG
North Rhine-Westphalia 5,773 MW 3,726 WTG
Saxony-Anhalt 5,139 MW 2,862 WTG
Hesse 2,201 MW 1,159 WTG
Thuringia 1,567 MW 859 WTG
Saxony 1,227 MW 899 WTG
Berlin 12 MW 4 WTG
So
uth
Rhineland-Palatinate 3,589 MW 1,748 WTG
Bavaria 2,515 MW 1,161 WTG
Baden-Wuerttemberg 1,529 MW 725 WTG
Saarland 476 MW 207 WTG
52,931 MW 29,213 WTG
Cumulative Capacity and Number of WTG in the German Federal States
*Turbine Portfolio subject to approval according to LLUR Schleswig-Holstein
Cumulative Capacity
≥ 9 GW
≥ 8 GW and < 9 GW
≥ 7 GW and < 8 GW
≥ 6 GW and < 7 GW
≥ 5 GW and < 6 GW
≥ 4 GW and < 5 GW
≥ 3 GW and < 4 GW
≥ 2 GW and < 3 GW
≥ 1 GW and < 2 GW
< 1 GW
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
8
Regional Distribution of Awarded Bids
In Germany, a total capacity of 2,343 MW was
awarded to land-based wind energy in 2018 in
four technology-specific tendering rounds. The
tendering volume of 2,710 MW, which was
available in these rounds, was thus not
exhausted. The low competition in the last three
tendering rounds of 2018 led to all projects that
were not excluded (e.g. due to formal reasons)
receiving an award. Hence, there is a pronounced
correlation between the regional distribution of
the bids and awards.
Deviating from the three tendering rounds in
2017, the rounds of 2018 only allowed projects to
participate that had received approval according
to the Federal Immission Control Act (German:
Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz or BImSchG).
This put a considerable limit on the pool of
projects admitted to the call for tenders
compared to the previous year. Regional Distribution of Awarded Capacity
(Database: BNetzA)
Regional Distribution of Awarded Capacity across the German Federal States (Database: BNetzA)
Awarded Capacity 2018
≥ 350 MW
≥ 300 MW and < 350 MW
≥ 250 MW and < 300 MW
≥ 200 MW and < 250 MW
≥ 150 MW and < 200 MW
≥ 100 MW and < 150 MW
≥ 50 MW and < 100 MW
≥ 0 MW and < 50 MW
0 MW
0 MW
20 MW
40 MW
60 MW
80 MW
100 MW
120 MW
140 MW
160 MW
180 MW
200 MW
Bid
an
d A
ward
ed
Cap
acit
y
Round 18-1 Round 18-2 Round 18-3 Round 18-4
Round 18-1 Round 18-2 Round 18-3 Round 18-4
Bid Capacity:
Awarded Capacity:
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
9
Bid and Award Values of the Tenders
In the tenders for land-based wind energy, award
is given to bidders providing the lowest bid value
for a project at the reference location. In case the
bidders are citizens’ energy cooperatives
(German: Bürgerenergiegesellschaften or BEG),
the bid value is corrected according to the unit-
price process and the attributable award value is
equivalent to the in each case highest awarded
bid value. For regular projects without citizens’
involvement according to the Renewable Energy
Sources Act (German: Erneuerbare-Energien-
Gesetz or EEG) the bid value is equivalent to the
award value. Possible bid values are limited by a
maximum value, which in 2018 was
6.3 € cents/kWh.
The bid, as well as the award values of the
tendering rounds have increased notably
compared to the previous year. However, the
values cannot be compared directly, because in
2017 the exceptions for BEGs were further-
reaching and provided for long implementation
deadlines, whereby future turbine technologies
could be used in the planning process and
comparatively lower bids could be submitted.
Since 2018, a BlmSchG permit is required for
participation, which in turn shortened the
implementation deadlines. At the same time, due
to the low participation in the tender process,
only the first of the four rounds saw any
competition. The volume-weighted average
award value of the four tendering rounds of 2018
was 5.6 € cents/kWh.
The values to be applied that are decisive for the
expected proceeds per kilowatt-hour of the
awarded WTG result out of the adaptation of the
award values with the help of location-specific
correction factors. Thereby applicable: If the
project has an energy yield higher than the
reference yield, the award value will be corrected
downward; is a lower energy yield achieved, the
value to be applied will be above the award
value.
Development of Awarded Bids of Tender Rounds for Land-based Wind Energy (Database: BNetzA)
Ø 5.71 ct/kWh Ø 4.28 ct/kWh Ø 3.82 ct/kWh Ø 4.73 ct/kWh
Ø 5.73 ct/kWh Ø 6.16 ct/kWh Ø 6.26 ct/kWh
0 ct/kWh
1 ct/kWh
2 ct/kWh
3 ct/kWh
4 ct/kWh
5 ct/kWh
6 ct/kWh
7 ct/kWh
8 ct/kWh
May 2017 Aug 2017 Nov 2017 Feb 2018 May 2018 Aug 2018 Okt 2018
Round 17-1 Round 17-2 Round 17-3 Round 18-1 Round 18-2 Round 18-3 Round 18-4
Predominantly BEG-Projects without
BImSchG-Approval
Exclusively Projects with BImSchG-Approval
Bid
an
d A
ward
Valu
es
Average Capacity-weighted Award Values
Range of Award Values
Ⱶ Range of Bid Values
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
10
Permitted Capacity and Future Tender Rounds
With the Omnibus Energy Act (German:
Energiesammelgesetz) the tender volumes of the
next three years for land-based wind energy was
significantly increased through the establishment
of special calls for tenders. In 2019, a total
capacity of 3,675 MW is to be awarded,
4,100 MW and 4,250 MW, respectively, are
announced for 2020 and 2021. Projects have an
additional possibility to persevere against PV in
combined tenders.
To fill named tender volumes, a sufficient number
of approved projects have to participate.
Following BNetzA, by the 2019-01-11 deadline
for the February 2019 round 1,840 MW were
reported as approved and are therefore eligible
for participation. About half of that (914 MW)
falls on WTG for which the installation deadline
to participate in the transitional system at the
end of 2018 expired and which as a result can
now participate in the tenders to secure funding
for themselves. The other half is comprised of
projects that were approved starting in 2017 but
did not receive an award to date, as well as
projects with older approvals that declined
participation in the transitional system from the
onset.
Tender Volume 2019 to 2022 (according to the EEG
and EnSaG)
0 MW
200 MW
400 MW
600 MW
800 MW
1,000 MW
Jan
May
Sep
Jan
May
Sep
Jan
May
Sep
Jan
May
Sep
2019 2020 2021 2022
Ten
der
Vo
lum
e
Regular Tender Special Tender Combined Tenders
Monthly Permit Amount since 2016 (Database: BNetzA installations core data, Version 11/18)
0 MW
500 MW
1,000 MW
1,500 MW
2,000 MW
2,500 MW
3,000 MW
3,500 MW
4,000 MW
4,500 MW
5,000 MW
Jan
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May
Jun
Jul
Au
g
Sep
Oct
No
v
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May
Jun
Jul
Au
g
Sep
Oct
No
v
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May
Jun
Jul
Au
g
Sep
Oct
No
v
2016 2017 2018
Cap
acit
y
Time of Permission
Status of Land-based Wind Energy Development in Germany - Year 2018
11
Monthly Power Production and Market Values
According to the data forecasted by transmission
grid operators, land-based wind turbine
generators in Germany produced 89.5 TWh of
electricity over the course of 2018. Compared to
the previous year this is equivalent to an increase
of 4%.
The average volume-weighted power market
proceeds per kilowatt-hour for land-based wind
energy (monthly market values) increased from
about 3 € cents/kWh to up to 5.2 € cents/kWh
since May of 2018. Overall, the average volume-
weighted power market value of 3.7 € cents/kWh
for 2018 was 37% above the 2.7 € cents/kWh
from the previous year.
Monthly Market Values for Land-based Wind Energy
(Database: Netztransparenz)
0 ct/kWh
1 ct/kWh
2 ct/kWh
3 ct/kWh
4 ct/kWh
5 ct/kWh
6 ct/kWh
Jan
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May Jun
Jul
Au
g
Sep
Oct
No
v
De
c
Mar
ket
Val
ue
Market Value Land-based Wind Energy 2018
Market Value Land-based Wind Energy 2017
Projection of Power Production by Land-based WTG (Database: Netztransparenz: Projection Data)
0 TWh
20 TWh
40 TWh
60 TWh
80 TWh
100 TWh
120 TWh
140 TWh
0 TWh
2 TWh
4 TWh
6 TWh
8 TWh
10 TWh
12 TWh
14 TWh
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
rod
ucti
on
Mo
nth
ly P
rod
ucti
on
Monthly Production 2018 Monthly Production 2017
Cumulative Production 2018 Cumulative Production 2017
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