Status of lakes in Hyderabad-Dec 2013

Status of lakes in Hyderabad

Presented By:

Nisha Kumari,

Environment Management, (Session-2013-14)

Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore

Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Institute of Science

Content

• Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area)

• Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance

• Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad

• Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad

• Effect Of Lake Degradation

• Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad

• Legal Framework To Save Lakes

• Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad

• Case Studies

• Way Forward

• Acknowledgements

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Introduction

• The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river “Musi”

• Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366°N Latitude and 78.476°E Longitude.

• The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level.

• The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tanks

• Since the twin city (Secunderabad and Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrain, the potential for using groundwater is limited.

• The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes)

• But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing.

• Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to the city.

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• The objective of the project is “to study status of lakes in Hyderabad”

• Sub Objectives of the project is to find out: Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad

Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad

Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad

Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad

Legal framework to save lakes

Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad

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Introduction Objective of the project


SECONDARY RESEARCH

• Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures.

• Some of the sources referred HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/)

Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/).

Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

SaciWaters

Centre for Science and Environment India

Ministry of Environment & Forests

• National and local news papers

PRIMARY RESEARCH

• Qualitative data was collected through interaction with experts.

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Introduction Research Methodology

http://www.soulhyd.org/


Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) jurisdiction

• Area 7,257 sq. km.

• Hyderabad – the capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing cosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India.

• Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any urban Centre in the state.

• With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequent increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growth in the last few decades.

• It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities of India.

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Introduction Study Area


Area of

jurisdictionArea

GHMC (Inside Outer

Ring Road)650 sq. km

HUDA 1905 sq. Km

HMDA (Area including

outside Ring Road)7,257 sq. km

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HYDERABAD- ADMINISTRATIVE AREA

Source: http://www.hmda.gov.in/images/map.jpg


Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) growth trend- AP Population Growth Trend in GHMC

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Introduction Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation

and population growth in Hyderabad

1.80

2.55

3.06

3.64

6.81

41.80%

20.20%

18.90%

87.20%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 2011

Population Growth-GHMC

Population (Mn.) Growth in %

1,69,328 2,05,239

2,50,169

3,00,384

3,55,368

4,22,541

-

50,000

1,00,000

1,50,000

2,00,000

2,50,000

3,00,000

3,50,000

4,00,000

4,50,000

GDDP Growth- AP

GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.))

Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad-

population.html


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Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance

Historical importance

Socio-Economic Importance

Ecological Importance


• Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city

• Many big tanks were built by the Qutub Shahi rulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and later by the Asaf Jahi rulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city.

• Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir Alam, Afzal Sagar, Jalpalli, Ma-Sehaba Tank, Talab Katta, Osmansagar and Himayatsagar etc. (Rekha Rani, 1999).

• Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers whereas the minor tanks were built by zamindars.

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Importance of Lakes Historical Importance


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Importance of Lakes Historical Importance

Some of the famous lakes

built during Qutub Shahi

rulers (1534-1724 A.D.)

Hussain Sagar

• Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim Kutb Shah

• Most famous and historic lake

• First drinking water source for the two cities

• A major spot of tourist attractions.

MaSaheba tank (Presently

known as Masab Tank)

• Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of the general

public

Saroornagar Lake is

known to have been built

in 1624

• Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in the eastern

part of the city.

• It is the main water body in the eastern sector of the city.

Some of the famous lakes

built during Asaf Jahi

rulers (1724-1948)

The Mir Alam tank,

• Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during the reign of

Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the third

Nizam of Hyderabad state

• Supplying plenty of water to the city and the suburbs

Osman Sagar lake-

constructed in 1920

• It was created in 1920 by damming the Musi River

• It was built to provide water for the twin cities as well as to

save them from floods.

• The lake was named after the last Nizram of Hyderabad,

Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built


• Source of drinking water

• Sustain traditional urban livelihoods

• Source of revenue for state through eco-tourism and water based Recreation Centres.

• Improve aesthetics of the city and offer scope for nature study

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Importance of Lakes Socio-Economic Importance


• Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological importance of lakes are as follows:

Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conservation

Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the migratory birds that pass by Hyderabad every winter.

Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna

Support aquatic life

Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditions in balance and surrounding cool

Ecological indicator

Urban flood mitigating structure- Regulates flood waters and minimize economic loss due to flooding

Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters.

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Importance of Lakes Ecological Importance


Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad

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Population growth and industrialization

lead to Encroachments and shrinking of

lakes in Hyderabad


According to a study conducted by NGRI Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtained from the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA))

• Hyderabad's growth in the last three decades has come at the cost of 375 lakes going extinct

• The HUDA area is having only 531 lakes as compared to the 906 it had in 1982.

• A majority of lakes (268 lakes) have vanished between 2002 and 2012.

• Of the existent lakes,

267 have a spread of less than five hectares,

108 have a spread less than 10 hectares and

The remaining 156 lakes measure more than 10 hectares

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Present Status Shrinking lakes over few decades

Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of lakes over

last 3 decades:

Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002 2012

5 Hectare 593 534 492 267

5-10 Hectare 160 146 140 108

more than 10

hectares153 196 167 156

Source: Eenadu District Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name- Chivariki Migilindi (At final

what you have), 1st oct 2013


• All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying degrees of environmental degradation.

• According to a concerted exercise by the Lake Protection Committee (LPC) the identified no. of lakes in HMDA are as follows:

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Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad

Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdiction-wise)

Area of jurisdiction Area No. of Lakes

GHMC (Inside Outer

Ring Road)

650 sq. km 455

HUDA 1905 sq. Km 531

HMDA (Area including

outside Ring Road)

7,257 sq. km 2857

District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area

DistrictsNo of Water Bodies

Inside ORR Outside ORR Total

Hyderabad 23 0 23

Mahaboob Nagar 0 133 133

Medak 44 1278 1322

Nalgonda 0 218 218

Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161

Total 455 2402 2857


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Present StatusPresent status of some of the water

bodies

Water body What it is today

Mir Jumla Tank Converted to slum

Maasaab cheruvu and Ramathpura cheruvu Converted to an effluent colony

Yusufguda and Batakammakunta Garbage dumping grounds

Sahebnagar cheruvuv in Hayathnagar Mandal Occupied by influential politicians and layouts for

HUDA

Gopicheruvu at Gacchi Bowli near old Bombay road Converted to town ship by Dyon company

Kanchanbagcheruvu Filled up and a hospital has come up.

Some facts about water bodies in Hyderabad

3,245 hectares of lake area was lost between 1989 and 2001 (Anjal Prakash, executive director of Saciwaters)

Besides the large water bodies, numerous small water bodies in the peri urban zones also shrunk, when the city

underwent a wave of real estate growth (Ramachandraiah and Prasad 2008).

People have managed to destroy close to 50 per cent of the wetlands in the city in last 3 decades

Research based on satellite imagery shows water bodies coverage in the city has reduced from 2.5 % to 1.5%.

The Famous Hussain Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank which served as a source of drinking water during the Nizam’s time

has been completely polluted.


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Present StatusCategorisation of water bodies

based on present status

Still used as sources of drinking water and

have recreational potential

In progressive stages of degradation and can be

rehabilitated

Totally reclaimed and lost forever

Osman Sagar

Himayat Sagar

Swaroopnagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank, Hussain Sagar; Shameerpet lakes, Noor Mohammed Kunta

Mir Jumla Tank,

Ma Sahab Tank and

Batkamma Kunta

Categorisation Lakes


Status of some of the lakes of Hyderabad 1

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Hamid Khan Kunta, also known as Taj

Banjara Lake, has been encroached.

Garbage

Dumping at

Hameed Khan

Kunta Site

The polluted waters of the Hussain Sagar

Lake in Hyderabad raising a stink.


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Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad

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Problems Faced By Lakes

Major factors lead to degradation

of lakes in Hyderabad

Lake pollution

Shrinking of lake

Lake Degradation

Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment

Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development norms

Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment

Degradation of lake inlet and outlet

Continuous flow of untreated waste water

Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic effluent) is diverted in the lakes which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and diseases

Dumping of debris and garbage

Washing of clothes in lakes

Invasive weeds

Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion

Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & hydrology


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Factors contributing towards degradation of water bodies of Hyderabad

Level 1

•Population Growth

•Urbanisation

•Industrial Growth

Level 2

•Increased concretization

•Encroachment

•Reduced greenery of the city

•Dumping of untreated sewagein the lakes

•Idol immersion

•Dumping of debris and garbage

Level 3

•Soil Erosion

•Silting of Lakes

•Degradation of lake inlet and outlet

•Invasive weed

Lake

Degradation


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Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various stages

Urbanization/ industralization

Population Growth

Rapid Concretization

Encroachment of Lake area

SiltationBlockage of lake inlet and outlet,

Reduced lake area

Reduced water carrying capacity

of lake and infilteration

Shrinking and disappearing

lakes

Water Crisis, Inundation


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Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage

Urbanization/ industralization

Population Growth

Increased Industrial and

domestic effluent / Garbage

Sewage water diverted in the lakes/ Garbage

Dumping

Siltation/ lake Pollution

Lake Pollution

ground water contamination and diseases

Scarcity of clean drinking water


Reasons of encroachment

• City growth, industrial and urban spread

• Housing colonies are being constructed in dried lakes.

• According to the govt. rules, if the lakes do not receive water for three consecutive years and the lake remains dry, then the lake area comes under the jurisdiction of the Revenue Department.

• Non implementation of building regulations and pollution control laws

LAKES CONNECTIVITY AND THEIR ROLE IN PREVENTING

INUNDATION

Lake inlet and outlet to regulate its flow. A big lake is encompassed by

its’ large catchment area which contains a number of small lakes &

ponds. These small lakes and ponds are usually interconnected with

each other along with big lake which helps to maintain the hydrology of

these lakes. The interconnecting structures may be the Nalas or Storm

Water Drains.

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Rapid Urbanisation And

Encroachment

ENCROACHMENT OF WATER CHANNELS

If encroachment occurs along with these nalas/ water channels, then it

will result in restricted flow of water which ultimately results in flood

during big storm events.

Further, the establishments along the nala/ Water channels discharges

their sewage and industrial effluent directly into them which

ultimately pollutes lake water. Apart from that, direct disposal of Solid

Wastes by establishment along the nalas, also causes pollution and

obstructs the flow in hydraulic structures like Interception &

Diversions, sewer lines, STPs etc.


Industrial And Domestic Effluent

• Lake Foreshore attracts real estate business for its scenic value; leading direct discharge of untreated municipal and industrial waste waters.

• Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreated sewage gets dumped into the city's lakes

• Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera) now demonstrates an alarmingly high presence of excreta.

• municipalities surrounding Hyderabad discharge all the waste into drains and water bodies

• Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheru that releases a huge amount of chemical waste into the city's water sources

Solid Waste Dumping

• Water bodies are being used as debris dumping site.

• Regular dumping of huge amount of solid waste near lake area causes clogging and contamination, makes lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents.

• The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid waste every day

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66%8%

3%

4%

15%

2%1%

1%

Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyderabad

House Hold –

Domestic

Street Sweepings &

Drain Cleanings

Hotels and

Restaurants

Markets

Shops, Commercial

Establishments

Hospitals, clinics

Construction waste Industrial Waste

(Non-Hazardous)

Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad


Storm Water Drainage

• Natural and man-made drains and water bodies ultimately discharge surface run-off into lakes and pollute them.

• The nalas are the major carriers of storm water finally disposing into the river and water bodies in the catchment.

Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturthi

• Several thousands of idols immersion in lakes every year during Ganesh Chaturtji and DurgaPuja.

• The idols decorated with non-biodegradable products containing heavy metals like mercury and lead which are extremely dangerous to the ecosystem.

• According to the study, the immersion of Ganesh and Durga idols has polluted the lake resulting in vector transmitted diseases and lose of biodiversity and aquatic plants.

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Over 50,000 Ganesh idols of various sizes are to be immersed

in the Hussain Sagar lake, the major water body in the city,

and about 20 other lakes in the other parts of Hyderabad

and its suburbs. The Hindu-18th Sep 2013

• In addition to storm water discharge these drains are also being used to discharge sullage and septic tank overflows


Effect of lake degradation

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Effect Of Lake Degradation

Changes In Local Hydrology

Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis

Increased instances of water logging and flooding

Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies.

Alters Local Weather Conditions

Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution

Loss of traditional livelihoods- fishing and washing

Loss of recreational opportunities

Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell

Loss of aesthetics

Economic loss due to flooding

Loss of aquatic species


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Effect Of Lake Degradation Changes In Local Hydrology

Sl.

No.

Lake degradation/ Factors Effect on hydrology of Hyderabad

1 Rapid siltation of lakes

Reduced no. of water bodies

Loss of rain water retention capacity in lakes

Increased rain /storm water runoff

Reduced ground water recharge

Depletion of Surface and groundwater resources

2 Encroachments on natural nalas /

streams and lake bed areas.

Tempering inflow and outflow

channels

Inundations/ Flooding


• Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water.

• In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of

water bodies

• Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas.

• Hyderabad’s early water sources - the Hussain Sagar, Osman

Sagar and Himayat Sagar

• The other important sources of water were the Musi and

Manjira rivers.

• River Musi is no longer a water source owing to heavy

pollution.

• Local self-reliance of water – breaks down

• Local water body sources – replaced by distant rivers –

Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera

• Consequences – expensive, larger eco-footprints

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Increased Rain Water Runoff And

Drinking Water Crisis

Water demand and supply in HMDA area

Water Demand

Total water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB) 1,300 MLD

Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB 187 LPCD

Sources And Supply

Water sources Surface* and

groundwater

Water sourced from surface sources 88%

Water sourced from groundwater 12%

Total water supplied 930 MLD

Per capita supply 134 LPCD

Leakage loss 40%

Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses) 558 MLD

Per capita supply (after leakage losses) 80 LPCD

Population served by water supply system 70%

Per capita supply in the served area 114 LPCD

Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses) 742 MLD

Source: Anon 2011, 71-City Water-Excreta Survey, 2005-06, Centre for Science and

Environment, New Delhi

Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water

supply – rest of the areas depend on GW


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Hyderabad Water Supply

Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sagar and

Himayat Sagar are used for drinking water due to:• High water storage capacity and

• Less pollution by the catchment activities

Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits - Centre for Science and Environment India


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Increased Instances Of Water

Logging And Flooding

Masab Tank• Situated at the southern foothill limit of Banjara Hills

• Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum-

commercial area.

• The downstream side of this tank has been

totally converted to residential areas such as

Vijaya Nagar Colony and Shanti Nagar.

• During rainy season- there is a problem of

waterlogging and flooding

Many water tanks Hyderabad have been

encroached and converted into residential

and commercial areas

Natural flow of the lake streams are

blocked, resulted in waterlogging and

flooding

August 2000 Flood in Hyderabad City

• Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of rain.

• Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inundated.

• The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of natural stream

leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes and water

channels

Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as recorded by

Hyderabad. Traffic Police


• Polluted lake causes vector transmitted diseases

• Causes health hazards in neighborhood.

• Fish caught from the polluted lake over a period of time is leading to serious diseases.

• The toxic substances can trigger chronic ailments.

• When organic compounds of mercury enter human body, they concentrate in the brain and destroy the cells which control the central nervous system.

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Effect Of Lake Degradation Health Hazards

Dead fish float in the waters at Durgam Cheruvu due to high levels

of pollution in the lake.


Need for Lake Conservation• To harvests Rainwater and supplement shortfall of

water supply need of Hyderabad

• To reduce the waterlogging event and flood risk by interconnecting the lakes

• To improve the heath condition of people living in the lake surrounding

• Enhance biodiversity in and around the lakes

• Increase economic activities through ecotourism/ recreational opportunities at lake

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Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad

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Lake Protection

Lake management

Lake restoration

Three prong strategy


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Lake Conservation strategies Lake Protection

Preventing encroachment (mud, garbage dumping)

Demarcation and identification of Lake Boundaries and Full

Tank Level

Demarcating the boundary of the water body by wire fencing or

boulders to prevent further encroachment

into the lake beds.

Formation of peripheral bund along the shoreline

of the lakes


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Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management

Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and letting the treated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level.

Restoration of inflow and outflow channels

Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runoff to the lake.

Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water

Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste


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Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management

Beautification of lake bund by landscaping and plantation

Plantation on the surrounding to prevent soil erosion

Increasing community vigilance and participation

Reducing pollution through idol immersion- Green Ganesha Drive

Environmental education and awareness

o Training and capacity building of the Community around the lake

o Enhancing visitor & student awareness about the natural and cultural

heritage value of the lake


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Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration

Source Control

Treatment of watershed or catchment of

lakes

In lake treatment

Measures under taken to improve quality

of lake water


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Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration

Source Control

• Soil conservation measures,

• Bank/Slope erosion control measures,

• Afforestation,

• Drainage improvements,

• Diversion of silt carrying channels away from the lake,

• Control of sewage wastes,

• Sewage interceptions and diversions and

• Participation of people in watershed

In lake treatment

•De-silting the lake bed by dredging

•Pollution level control- through bioremediation and surface aeration processes.

•Reviving the screen barriers and silt-traps for inlet channels

•De-weeding/hyacinth control or removal (biological, chemical, mechanical and manual measures, bio-composting)

•Composite fish culture/ larvivorous fish species to control mosquitoes

•Biological treatment-Floating macrophytesand green cover (trees)

•Revival of traditional drainage system to replenish lake storage and drain out flood waters


Legal Framework To

Save Lakes

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Legal Framework To Save Lakes

Policies for the Conservation of Water bodies

Acts/Bills for the Conservation of Water Bodies

• The acts that directly concern water pollution (both surface and underground) are

The Water Act (1974),

The Water Cess Act (1977), and

The Environment (Protection) Act or EPA (1986).

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The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of legal and

regulatory frameworks.

• The first National Water Policy was formed in 1987- Revised in 2002

• National Wetland Conservation Programme(NWCP) in 1983- by MoEF

• National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) for the conservation of lakes in urban areas-2001 by MoEF

• In February 2013, the two programmes NLCP and NWCP has been merged into a single programme called - National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems


The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897

The Indian Forest Act, 1927

The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf,

Exclusive Economic Zone

The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By

Foreign Vessels)

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification

Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s

The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)

National Conservation Strategies On Environment &

Development

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Convention on Biological Diversity, June 1992

Bonn Convention on the Conservation Of

Migratory Species of Wild Animals

International Convention for the Protection of Birds

National Water Policy, 2002

National Policy for Hydro Power Development

Convention on Conservation of Migratory

Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS)

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List of Acts/Bills for the Conservation of

Water Bodies

There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have passed and

implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.


Rules for the Conservation of Water Bodies

Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes

• In urban areas, water bodies are owned by land owning agencies

• Institutions /agencies responsible for lakes survival and protection

Ministry of Water Resources

Ministry of Environment and Forests

Agriculture Ministry

Fisheries Ministry and

Other local authorities i.e. Municipal Corporations, Development Authorities, Tourism Department, Water Supply Boards etc.

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Rules and legal Authorities for the

Conservation of Lakes

• Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) has also published rules for the protection the water bodies in India.

• Under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 MOEF issued a set rules for conservation and management of wetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010).

• However, at present the rules are under review


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Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State

Legislations

The Andhra Government’s Water,

Land, Tree Act

•It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanently demarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and prevent encroachments.

The Wetlands (Management and

Conservation) Rules, 2010

•Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies

•Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for other uses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waste water and any other activity that will have negative impact on the water bodies.

National Lake Conservation

Programme (NLCP)

•Objective- restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degraded due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosystem approach.

•Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Government-70:30.

•Banjara Lake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad is presently covered under NLCP. NLCP is sanctioning an amount of Rs. 4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lake

The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations,

Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003

The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.


Major Initiatives Towards Lake

Conservation In Hyderabad

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Government - Donor Agencies - Local/ International NGOs - General Public


The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development

Authority (HMDA), with support from

• Municipal corporations,

• Municipalities

• The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply &

Sewerage Board (HMWSSB),

• The Andhra Pradesh Transmission

Corporation,

• The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure

Corporation,

• The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport

Corporation,

• And other such bodies

• Constituted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh

in year 2010 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan

Commissioner, HMDA

• Objective: TO cater to the protection of lakes in the

Hyderabad Metropolitan Region

Function

• Listing of all lakes in HMDA

• their FTL demarcation

• Removal of existing encroachments in the FTL and

foreshore areas,

• Improvement of the lakes and their catchments

• Organising wide publicity and awareness campaign

for protection of the lakes.

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Lake Conservation Initiatives- Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies

Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes

in AP Lake Protection Committee (LPC)


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Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries Demarcation

• HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing in

the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area

• HMDA and GHMC had completed demarcation of

full tank level (FTL) boundaries of the 266 lakes of

455 lakes inside the ORR in coordination with

irrigation and revenue departments

• Demarcation of remaining lakes would be taken up

shortly

Lake Conservation And Protection

• HMDA would take up conservation and protection

of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was

completed, in the first phase.

• The GHMC would take up conservation and

protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation

department 50.

• The shore areas of these water bodies would be

beautified and plantation would be taken up.

• The NGRI's help would be taken now on

identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalas for

the lakes.

Local Lake Protection Cells

• Involving stakeholders and local communities be

constituted for each lake that will act as watchdogs

and give feedback to HUDA.

• The sale and registration of lands in the areas

covered under notified lakes should be banned.

• No development activities should be permitted in

these areas, which are to be supervised and

controlled by HUDA


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Sewage Treatment

• Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad

Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD,

• Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750

MLD.

• STPs are treating the dry weather sewage

inflows into the lake and discharge the treated

water into the lake for the purpose of lake

water balance and improve the water quality

in the lake

Data on STPs

Capacity No. of STPs

HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs

HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs

Hussain Sagar Lake and

Catchment Area

Improvement Project (HCIP)

~55 MLD 3 STPs

Improvements To Storm Water Drainage

• By Municipal Corporation

• To alleviate the problems of flooding and

improve lake connectivity

• The improvements proposed

• Deepening and Widening of Nallas

• Provision of retaining walls at critical

sections

• Prevention of dumping of waste into

the Nallas to prevent clogging.

Shifting Polluting Industries From

Hyderabad

• AP government has decided to shift all the

polluting industries operating within the

Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyderabad city

to 45 locations identified outside the ORR.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN HYDERABAD.docx


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Lake Conservation Initiatives- Hyderabad

Some of the international agencies

funded projects

Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), under Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP)

World Bank-assisted project on ‘Capacity Building and Industrial Pollution Management Project’

Some of the international agencies

funded projects

Other Initiatives

Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and individuals have been making representations regarding the environmental pollution in the lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issues.

Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and Lok Ayukta has also taken Suo-mottocognisance (take notice of the fact on its own) in several instances


CASE STUDIESLake Reasons for study

Hussain Sagar Lake One of the largest lakes of Hyderabad

High Historical and recreational Value

Situated at the Centre of the twin city of Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Already many studies and lake protection and management work has been

undertaken by Gov. of AP and HMDA under Catchment Area Improvement

Project (HCIP) funded by JICA

Hameed Khan Kunta

(Known As Banjara

Lake)

It has suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sewerages

from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies

In 2002 the lake was adopted for rejuvenation under the National Lake

Conservation Programme (NLCP) of the Ministry of Environment and Forest

(MoEF)

Noor Mohammed

Kunta

Located in Katedan Industrial Area

Highly polluted due to industrial sewage

It’s a dead pond and the lake water had turned into a pink/ red colour due to

industrial pollutants

NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have been identified for cleanup

by the World Bank-assisted project on ‘Capacity Building and Industrial

Pollution Management Project’ by the Ministry of Environment and Forests

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Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake

Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old)

Built by: Hussain Sha Walis

Basin area: 240 Sq. Km

Water spread area - 4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length - 14 kms

Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city.

In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original

size (550 ha to 240 ha).

The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due to

the continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent.

Other reasons of pollution are

• Cattle washing, vehicle washing, dumping of domestic solid waste

along the shore line as well as the immersion of large numbers of

Ganesh and Durga Idols during festivals

• Due to the eutrophication (overloading of

nitrates and phosphates), algal blooms and

bad odour, the water body is not

conducive for drinking water,

recreation & pisci-culture.

• The water from Lake Hussain Sagar is

now used for horticultural purposes after

treatment.

The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and

public agencies

STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed

into a tourist centre by HUDA


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Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain Sagar Lake

Parameter Units Standard/Prescr

ibed Limit

(Class-B, CPCB)

Existing

Quality

pH 6.5-8.5 7.4

Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50

Turbidity NTU 41

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3

Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14

Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2

Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52

Volatile Suspension mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30

Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600

Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200

Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5

Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2

Source: Budha Purnima Project, Hyderabad


MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION

Nalas entering

Hussain Sagar

Lake

No. Name

Domestic sewage 4 Balkapur, Banjara,

Kukatpally, Picket

Toxic Industrial

Chemicals

1 Kukatpally

Municipal solid

Waste (MSW)

4 Balkapur, Banjara,

Kukatpally, Picket

The quantum of sewage flowing through these

Nalas to lake are approximately 150 MLD

Amount of Sewage treated through 3 STPs located

in Balkapur, Kukatpally and Picket is 55 MLD

The sewage water is treated by these 3 STPs under

HCIP and treated water is released into the lake to

maintain the lake water to the desired level

SEWAGE TREATMENT-HCIP.docx


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Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area

Improvement Project (HCIP)

• Led by HMDA to improve the quality of Hussain Sagar

Lake.

• Aid from the Japan International Cooperation Agency

(JICA), with an estimated cost of Rs. 310 crores.

The project has five elements. They are:

• treatment of inflows,

• improvement in quality of lake water,

• protection of lakes and nalas in

catchment areas,

• public awareness and stakeholder

participation,

• shoreline cleaning and removal of

floating material.

To improve Lake Ecosystem

Installation of Fountains to increase DO,

Desilting, Dredging,

Removal of aquatic weeds (Water Hyacinth)

To prevent encroachment

FTL boundary demarcation,

Fencing, Bund road formation,

Plantation on the surrounding

Constitution of Enforcement cell

To Improve recreation activities

Beautification around lake,

Discharge of treated water into the lake.

To prevent Lake Pollution

Construction and Rehabilitation of Sewerage Facilities

Organize public awareness campaigns

Prevent pollution through domestic and commercial

activities near Lake Shore.

Measures being followed to improve the quality of

Hussain Sagar Lake under HCIP

Hussain Sagar has recently been developed into a

tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban

Development Authority (HUDA)


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Case Study IIHameed Khan Kunta (Known As

Banjara Lake)

Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m

(average 3.0 m)

Built in: 1930

Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries

Banjara Lake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its

north, a commercial complex and Taj Banjara hotel on the

south, and some slums and a graveyard on the west.

STATUS OF LAKE

Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of

sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential

colonies

It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three

upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankar and

Ambedkar Colony, with a total population of 9950

The upstream part of the lake is clogged by water hyacinth and garbage.

Decline in water quality resulting into eutrophication

and algal blooms

Excessive foul smell emanating from the lake makes

the lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents


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Case Study IIHameed Khan Kunta (Known As

Banjara Lake)

The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage

Garbage Dumping at lake siteShrinking Lake- Hamid Khan Kunta

Regular waste dumping resulting into clogging and contamination

Heaps of plastics piled on the water body pose a threat to the slum children who

venture into water body for defecation.

Initiatives Taken up

• In 2002 the lake was adopted for

rejuvenation under the National

Lake Conservation Programme

of the Ministry of Environment

and Forest (MoEF).

• Since then almost 2 cores has

been spent in rehabilitation and

rejuvenation of the Lake with

limited success.

• The Andhra Pradesh Tourism

Development Corporation Ltd

(APTDC) in association with Taj

GVK, situated in the lake

precinct, has developed a

conservation and management

plan. To prevent further pollution

of lakehttp://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf

http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf

http://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf

http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara Lake.pdf


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Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NMK)

located on NH – 7 in the Shivrampally village,

Water spread: 27 acres

The lake is near Kattedan Industrial Estate (KIE) in

Rajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil

mills and other chemical units (in Katedan Industrial Area).

STATUS OF LAKE

Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake

into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due

to heavy inflow of industrial wastes.

• NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and had been

identified as a ‘hot spot’.

• Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards

• Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultural

University of Hyderabad are located downstream

• Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes the Mir Alam

Tank.

IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY

Indian express, published on 27th March 2013

http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html


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LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES

Capacity Building and Industrial

Pollution Management Project

Funder: TheWorld Bank

Project implementer: Consortium of

Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and

Kadam Environmental Consultants,

under the name of Pollution Control

Board Consultants (PCBC)

Project Timeline

NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have

been identified for cleanup by the World Bank-

assisted project on ‘Capacity Building and Industrial

Pollution Management Project’ by the MoEF and

approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic

Affairs in 2010.

HUDA took up the construction of a sewage

treatment plant (STP) for treatment of domestic

sewage generated in the catchment area. The work

was completed in the month of January 2009 with an

expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores.Remediation works were

supposed to start

In September

2013

The first phase will be completed by March 2014

The second phase will be

completed

by 2015-end.


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PROPOSED REMEDIATION METHODS

Removal of toxic sediments

Construction of a sediment trap is recommended at the inlet

of the drains from KIE to the lake NMK.

Not only the lake should be remediated, also the sediment of

stagnant waters and open drains in KIE will have to be

remediated in order to clean the environment.

All highly toxic sediments would be dredged out,

dewatered and contained within tubes of geo-textile.

Waste Removal

Waste should be removed from the open (hillock) spaces to

prevent and stop ongoing dispersion of toxic substances to the

environment.

In KIE about 3,500 m3 of temporarily stored waste

will be collected and disposed to an off-site landfill for

Municipal Solid Waste.

Behavioural-based mitigation measures

Since it is not possible to remove all topsoil from the industrial plots and the open spaces, it is recommended only to

prevent further pollution of the site

Taking behavioural-based mitigation measures will help in reduction of lead and chromium health risks via soil

ingestion



.

Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes

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Filling, Dewatering and refilling

The sludge is pumped into the tubes, and the

dewatering begins

The tube is left alone for a period of time

until it has dewatered enough so that more

sludge can be pumped into it.

The refilling can be done as many times as

necessary.

Disposal

Once it has been determined that the

dewatering process has accomplished the tubes

can be cut open and the solids can be

appropriately disposed off.


Way ForwardStrategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the different stakeholders

The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated

Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed.

Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes.

Stakeholder participation and capacity building - an important instrument for better management of water bodies.

Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations, Education Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc. – for speedy completion of the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of project

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Acknowledgements

I am heartily thankful to-

• Dr. T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project on “Status of Lakes in Hyderabad” as part of the Environmental Management Course (2013-14).

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment- HMDA, Dr. M.J. Nandan, Sr. Scientist & Head, PME - CSIR- NGRI, Mr. K. Srinivas, Technical Officer (QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support in conceptualizing this study.

• Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuous support.

• People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project


Thank You

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Status of lakes in Hyderabad-Dec 2013

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Transcript of Status of lakes in Hyderabad-Dec 2013