Statistics of Quality

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_34952______/files/page_viii.html

Page viii

8. Taguchi's Robust Design and Some Alternatives

Kwok-Leung Tsui

137

9. Determining Optimum Settings of Explanatory Variables and Measuring Influence of Observations in Multiresponse Experiments

Subir Ghosh and Ching-Lin Lai

161

10. Developing Measurement for Experimentation

Walter Liggett

179

11. Lattice Squares

Anant M. Kshirsagar and Whedy Wang

205

12. Marginally and Conditionally Specified Multivariate Survival Models: A Survey

Barry C. Arnold

233

13. Moments and Wavelets in Signal Estimation

Edward J. Wegman, Hung T Le, Wendy L. Poston, and Jeffrey L. Solka

253

14. Hierarchical Bayes Models in Contextual Spatial Classification

L. Paul Fatti, Ruben Klein, and S. James Press

275

15. Asymmetry and Outlier Detection Using Correspondence Analysis

William B. Smith and Mitchell J. Muehsam

295

16. Concrete Statistics

Emanuel Parzen

309

17. Numerical Methods for Use in Preparing High-Quality Statistical Tables

Morgan C. Wang and William J. Kennedy

333

18. Modeling Quality Standards with Decision Analysis in Medicine and Public Health

Richard G. Cornell

343

19. Quality and Warranty: Sensitivity of Warranty Cost Models to Distributional Assumptions

Wallace R. Blischke and Sushmita Das Vij

361

20. On Semiparametric Estimation of a Probability Density

D. V Gokhale and Mezbahur Rahman

387

21. Improving Survey Estimates Using Rotation Design Sampling

Raj S. Chhikara, Lih-Yuan Deng, and Gwei-Hung Herb Tsai

395

Start of Citation[PU]Marcel Dekker, Inc.[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

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_34952______/files/cover-4.html

95. The Inverse Gaussian Distribution: Theory, Methodology, and Applications, Raj S. Chhikara and J. Leroy Folks

96. Parameter Estimation in Reliability and Life Span Models, A. Clifford Cohen and Betty Jones Whitten

97. Pooled Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data Analysis, Terry E. Dielman

98. Random Processes: A First Look, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, R. Syski

99. Generalized Poisson Distributions: Properties and Applications, P. C. Consul

100. Nonlinear Lp-Norm Estimation, Rene Gonin and Arthur H. Money

101. Model Discrimination for Nonlinear Regression Models, Dale S. Borowiak

102. Applied Regression Analysis in Econometrics, Howard E. Doran

103. Continued Fractions in Statistical Applications, K. O. Bowman and L. R. Shenton

104. Statistical Methodology in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donald A. Berry

105. Experimental Design in Biotechnology, Perry D. Haaland

106. Statistical Issues in Drug Research and Development, edited by Karl E. Peace

107. Handbook of Nonlinear Regression Models, David A. Ratkowsky

108. Robust Regression: Analysis and Applications, edited by Kenneth D. Lawrence and Jeffrey L. Arthur

109. Statistical Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments, edited by Subir Ghosh

110. U-Statistics: Theory and Practice, A. J. Lee

111. A Primer in Probability: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Kathleen Subrahmaniam

112. Data Quality Control: Theory and Pragmatics, edited by Gunar E. Liepins and V. R. R. Uppuluri

113. Engineering Quality by Design: Interpreting the Taguchi Approach, Thomas B. Barker

114. Survivorship Analysis for Clinical Studies, Eugene K. Harris and Adelin Albert

115. Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life-Testing Models: Second Edition, Lee J. Bain and Max Engelhardt

116. Stochastic Models of Carcinogenesis, Wai-Yuan Tan

117. Statistics and Society: Data Collection and Interpretation, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Walter T. Federer

118. Handbook of Sequential Analysis, B. K. Ghosh and P. K. Sen

119. Truncated and Censored Samples: Theory and Applications, A. Clifford Cohen

120. Survey Sampling Principles, E. K. Foreman

121. Applied Engineering Statistics, Robert M. Bethea and R. Russell Rhinehart

122. Sample Size Choice: Charts for Experiments with Linear Models: Second Edition, Robert E. Odeh and Martin Fox

123. Handbook of the Logistic Distribution, edited by N. Balakrishnan

124. Fundamentals of Biostatistical Inference, Chap T. Le

125. Correspondence Analysis Handbook, J.-P. Benzcri

126. Quadratic Forms in Random Variables: Theory and Applications, A. M. Mathai and Serge B. Provost

127. Confidence Intervals on Variance Components, Richard K. Burdick and Franklin A. Graybill

128. Biopharmaceutical Sequential Statistical Applications, edited by Karl E. Peace

129. Item Response Theory: Parameter Estimation Techniques, Frank B. Baker

130. Survey Sampling: Theory and Methods, Arijit Chaudhuri and Horst Stenger

131. Nonparametric Statistical Inference: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jean Dickinson Gibbons and Subhabrata Chakraborti

132. Bivariate Discrete Distribution, Subrahmaniam Kocherlakota and Kathleen Kocherlakota

133. Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies, Shein-Chung Chow and Jen-pei Liu

134. Multiple Comparisons, Selection, and Applications in Biometry, edited by Fred M. Hoppe




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Lih-Yuan Deng Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee

L. Paul Fatti Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

James E. Gentle Institute for Computational Sciences and Informatics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Subir Ghosh Department of Statistics, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California

D. V. Gokhale Department of Statistics, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California

Richard F. Gunst Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas

Robert V. Hogg Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Nandini Kannan Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Jerome P. Keating Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

William J. Kennedy Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

Ruben Klein National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Conrad D. Krueger, Sr. Division of Mathematics, San Antonio College, San Antonio, Texas

Anant M. Kshirsagar Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ching-Lin Lai Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Statistics, Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, California


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Statistics of Quality


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Page xiii

Hung T. Le Center for Computational Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Walter Liggett Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Robert L. Mason Statistical Analysis Section, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas

David S. Moore Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Mitchell J. Muehsam College of Business Administration, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas

Subhash C. Narula School of Business, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia

Emanuel Parzen Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

Wendy L. Poston Advanced Processors Group, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, Virginia

S. James Press Department of Statistics, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California

Mezbahur Rahman Department of Statistics, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California

William R. Schucany Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas

William B. Smith Department of Statistics and College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

Jeffrey L. Solka Advanced Computation Technology Group, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, Virginia

Nola D. Tracy Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana



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Page iii

InMemoryofDonaldB.Owen

(1922-1991)


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22. Multicriteria Optimization in Sampling Design

James E. Gentle, Subhash C. Narula, and Richard L. Valliant

411

Index

427





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should be of value to those who apply statistics in business, industry, and government. Also, students, instructors, and researchers at colleges and universities should find the contents stimulating and informative.

We wish to express our heartfelt appreciation to the following individuals for their cooperation and help in reviewing the articles: Jon Anderson, Mary Ellen Bock, Patrick Cantwell, Michael Conerly, Jon Cryer, Jan de Leeuw, Randall Eubank, Dan Freeman, Richard Gunst, Jeffrey Hart, David Higdon, Nils Hjort, Sally Hunsberger, Jerome Keating, William Kennedy, Kanti Mardia, Robert Miller, David Moore, Mitchell Muehsam, David Oakes, Robert Odeh, Alan Polansky, James Robins, Jose Ruiz, Damodar Shanbhag, Michael Speed, Joe Sullivan, Edward Thomas, Michael Titterington, Grace Wahba, Siebrand Wierda, and William Woodall.

We are very grateful to the authors for their contributions. Our sincere thanks go to Maria Allegra, Janet Sachs, and others at Marcel Dekker, Inc. Subir Ghosh would like to thank his wife, Susnata, and his daughter, Malancha, for always being so supportive of his intellectual pursuits, and in addition to honoring Don, William R. Schucany would like to dedicate this work to the memory of his parents, and William B. Smith, to his mother, Eula Wactor Smith, who is celebrating her 91st year, and to his supportive wife, Patricia.

SUBIR GHOSH

WILLIAM R. SCHUCANY

WILLIAM B. SMITH



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STATISTICS: Textbooks and Monographs

A Series Edited by

D. B. Owen, Founding Editor, 1972-1991

W. R. Schucany, Coordinating EditorDepartment of Statistics

Southern Methodist University

Dallas, Texas

S. C. Chow, Associate Editor

for BiostatisticsBristol-Myers Squibb Company

W. J. Kennedy, Associate Editor

for Statistical ComputingIowa State University

A. M. Kshirsagar, Associate Editor

for Multivariate Analysis and

Experimental DesignUniversity of Michigan

E. G. Schilling, Associate Editor

for Statistical Quality ControlRochester Institute of Technology

1. The Generalized Jackknife Statistic, H. L. Gray and W. R. Schucany

2. Multivariate Analysis, Anant M. Kshirsagar

3. Statistics and Society, Walter T. Federer

4. Multivariate Analysis: A Selected and Abstracted Bibliography, 1957-1972, Kocherlakota Subrahmaniam and Kathleen Subrahmaniam

5. Design of Experiments: A Realistic Approach, Virgil L. Anderson and Robert A. McLean

6. Statistical and Mathematical Aspects of Pollution Problems, John W. Pratt

7. Introduction to Probability and Statistics (in two parts), Part I: Probability; Part II: Statistics, Narayan C. Giri

8. Statistical Theory of the Analysis of Experimental Designs, J. Ogawa

9. Statistical Techniques in Simulation (in two parts), Jack P. C. Kleijnen

10. Data Quality Control and Editing, Joseph I. Naus

11. Cost of Living Index Numbers: Practice, Precision, and Theory, Kali S. Banerjee

12. Weighing Designs: For Chemistry, Medicine, Economics, Operations Research, Statistics, Kali S. Banerjee

13. The Search for Oil: Some Statistical Methods and Techniques, edited by D. B. Owen

14. Sample Size Choice: Charts for Experiments with Linear Models, Robert E. Odeh and Martin Fox

15. Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, Robert M. Bethea, Benjamin S. Duran, and Thomas L. Boullion

16. Statistical Quality Control Methods, Irving W. Burr

17. On the History of Statistics and Probability, edited by D. B. Owen

18. Econometrics, Peter Schmidt

19. Sufficient Statistics: Selected Contributions, Vasant S. Huzurbazar (edited by Anant M. Kshirsagar)

20. Handbook of Statistical Distributions, Jagdish K. Patel, C. H. Kapadia, and D. B. Owen


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Page ii

LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData

Statisticsofquality/editedbySubirGhosh,WilliamR.Schucany,

WilliamB.Smith.

p.cm.(Statistics,textbooksandmonographs;153)

Includesindex.

ISBN0-8247-9763-9(hardcover:alk.paper)

1.QualitycontrolStatisticalmethods.2.Sampling(Statistics)

3.ProcesscontrolStatisticalmethods.I.Ghosh,Subir.

II.Schucany,W.R.III.Smith,WilliamBoyce.

IV.Series:Statistics,textbooksandmonographs;v.153.

TS156.S7681996

658.5'62dc2096-31579

CIP

The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the address below.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright 1997 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Marcel Dekker, Inc.

270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

Current printing (last digit):

10987654321

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA




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Page xi

Contributors

Bovas Abraham The Institute for Improvement in Quality and Productivity, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Michael T. Anderson Division of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Barry C. Arnold Department of Statistics, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California

Wallace R. Blischke Department of Information and Operations Management, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

Mike Brajac Quality Consultant, General Motors of Canada Ltd., Oshawa, Ontario, Canada

Raj S. Chhikara Division of Computing and Mathematics, University of Houston at Clear Lake, Houston, Texas

Youn-Min Chou Division of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Richard G. Cornell Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan



Page 427

Index

A

Accuracy

Measurement system, 186, 198

Analysis

Accumulation, 138

Causal, 93

Correspondence, 298

Decision, 343

Interval, 334, 335

Multiple correspondence, 296

Multiresolution, 262

Quantile data, 310

Sensitivity, 348

Wavelet, 253

Approximate mean integrated squared error (AMISE), 391

Approximation

Monte Carlo, 192

Array

Control, 139, 144

Combined, 154

Noise, 139, 144

Orthogonal, 138

Product, 139, 154

ASN, 33

Attribute, 182

Automatic tank management system, 50

Average run length (ARL), 91

B

Base Decisions on data, 21

Basic graphics, 14

Benchmarking, 12

Bioassay, 206

C

Cause-and-effect, 14

Charts

Control, 14

Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), 77

Multivariate, 77

Pareto, 14

Run, 14




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Page 429

Influence of observations, 161

Inertia, 297

Interlaboratory testing, 187

J

Just-in-time, 13

L

Larger-the-better, 140

Leverage point, 169

Likelihood ratio, 354

Linear graphs, 138

Local spatial continuity, 276

L-splines, 271

M

Magnetic field quality, 103

Mardia's multivariate kurtosis statistic, 92

Markov random field, 276

Measurement

Range, 183

System, 180

Medical care, 343

Model

Berkson, 198

Conditionally specified bivariate survival, 242

Cost, 365, 367

Errors-in-variables, 198

Equal hyperparameter, 285

Frailty, 239

Gaussian correlation function, 277

Hammerman, 238

Hierarchical, 276

Loss, 140

Measurement error, 71

Multivariate conditionally specified, 247

Semiparametric, 388

Univariate survival, 234

Mother wavelet, 261

Multipole variability, 105

Multivariate

Calibration, 184

Linear model, 181

N

Nelder-Mead-method, 173

Nominal-the-best, 140

Nondominated, 413

O

OC, 33

Optimization, 411

Optimum settings, 161

Outliers, 297

P

Parseval's theorem, 261

Pitman nearness, 68

Pixels, 275

Power, 67, 91

Probability of

Detection, 50, 59

False alarm, 50

Process capability index, 31

Q

Quality

Improvement, 11

Function deployment, 12, 13

Adjusted life years, 346

R

Receiver operator characteristic(ROC), 352

Reconstructing an image, 278

Reduce

Layers of management, 13

Unplanned variation, 21

Reengineering, 13

Reflectance data, 275

Reid vapor pressures, 52

Remote sensing, 275

Repeat measurements, 105

Response surface methodology, 121

Robust against misspecification, 407

Rotation Sampling, 397

Rounded interval arithmetic, 334

S

Sample

Allocation problem, 418



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Page 428

[Charts]

Shewhart, 77

Control-by-noise interaction, 149

Collinearities, 64

Continuous

Automatic tank gauging, 50

Quality improvement, 28

Cost, 361

CPL, 31

CUSUMS, 17, 22, 27

D

DDFITS, 62

Decision Tree, 346

Deming's 14 points, 13

Density

Contour plots, 251

Quantile function, 316

Departure from homoscedasticity, 197

Design

Lattice square, 206

Robust, 137

Detecting extreme observation, 61

Diagnostic test, 348

Diagram

Cause-and-effect, 124

Flow, 14

Distance

Cook, 173

Euclidean, 79

Mahalanobis, 79

Distribution

Exponential, 367

Gamma, 367

Hotelling's T-square, 78

Log-normal, 367

Multivariate survival, 233

Mixed exponential, 367

Wishart, 78

Weibull, 367

Drive out fear, 13

E

Employment

Benefits survey (EBS), 416

Cost index (ECI), 415

Environmental protection agency, 49

Estimation/Estimate

James-Stein, 68

Kernel density, 423

Maximize information, 411

Maximum likelihood (MLE), 68, 411

Mean squared error (MSE), 68, 412

Method of moments, 253

Minimum norm, 260

Minimum variance unbiased, 411

Multiperiod, 404

Nonparametric function, 253

Single period, 404

Transient signal, 268

Experiments

Calibration, 198

Engine performance, 127

Injection molding, 155

Multiresponse, 161

Measurement system, 189

Priming, 129

F

Factors

Control, 144

Noise, 144

Variance inflation (VIF), 64

False positive rate (FPR), 351

Free replacement, 362

Function/Functional

Midquantile, 315

Optimization, 260

Quantile, 310

Renewal, 371

G

Ground truth, 277

H

Histograms, 14

Homoscedasticity, 185

I

Integrated product systems, 50



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21. Case Studies in Sample Design, A. C. Rosander

22. Pocket Book of Statistical Tables, compiled by R. E. Odeh, D. B. Owen, Z. W. Birnbaum, and L. Fisher

23. The Information in Contingency Tables, D. V. Gokhale and Solomon Kullback

24. Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life-Testing Models: Theory and Methods, Lee J. Bain

25. Elementary Statistical Quality Control, Irving W. Burr

26. An Introduction to Probability and Statistics Using BASIC, Richard A. Groeneveld

27. Basic Applied Statistics, B. L. Raktoe and J. J. Hubert

28. A Primer in Probability, Kathleen Subrahmaniam

29. Random Processes: A First Look, R. Syski

30. Regression Methods: A Tool for Data Analysis, Rudolf J. Freund and Paul D. Minton

31. Randomization Tests, Eugene S. Edgington

32. Tables for Normal Tolerance Limits, Sampling Plans and Screening, Robert E. Odeh and D. B. Owen

33. Statistical Computing, William J. Kennedy, Jr., and James E. Gentle

34. Regression Analysis and Its Application: A Data-Oriented Approach, Richard F. Gunst and Robert L. Mason

35. Scientific Strategies to Save Your Life, I. D. J. Bross

36. Statistics in the Pharmaceutical Industry, edited by C. Ralph Buncher and Jia Yeong Tsay

37. Sampling from a Finite Population, J. Hajek

38. Statistical Modeling Techniques, S. S. Shapiro and A. J. Gross

39. Statistical Theory and Inference in Research, T. A. Bancroft and C.-P. Han

40. Handbook of the Normal Distribution, Jagdish K. Patel and Campbell B. Read

41. Recent Advances in Regression Methods, Hrishikesh D. Vinod and Aman Ullah

42. Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Edward G. Schilling

43. The Randomized Clinical Trial and Therapeutic Decisions, edited by Niels Tygstrup, John M Lachin, and Erik Juhl

44. Regression Analysis of Survival Data in Cancer Chemotherapy, Walter H. Carter, Jr., Galen L. Wampler, and Donald M. Stablein

45. A Course in Linear Models, Anant M. Kshirsagar

46. Clinical Trials: Issues and Approaches, edited by Stanley H. Shapiro and Thomas H. Louis

47. Statistical Analysis of DNA Sequence Data, edited by B. S. Weir

48. Nonlinear Regression Modeling: A Unified Practical Approach, David A. Ratkowsky

49. Attribute Sampling Plans, Tables of Tests and Confidence Limits for Proportions, Robert E. Odeh and D. B. Owen

50. Experimental Design, Statistical Models, and Genetic Statistics, edited by Klaus Hinkelmann

51. Statistical Methods for Cancer Studies, edited by Richard G. Cornell

52. Practical Statistical Sampling for Auditors, Arthur J. Wilburn

53. Statistical Methods for Cancer Studies, edited by Edward J. Wegman and James G. Smith

54. Self-Organizing Methods in Modeling: GMDH Type Algorithms, edited by Stanley J. Farlow

55. Applied Factorial and Fractional Designs, Robert A. McLean and Virgil L. Anderson

56. Design of Experiments: Ranking and Selection, edited by Thomas J. Santner and Ajit C. Tamhane

57. Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Robert M. Bethea, Benjamin S. Duran, and Thomas L. Boullion

58. Ensemble Modeling: Inference from Small-Scale Properties to Large-Scale Systems, Alan E. Gelfand and Crayton C. Walker





59. Computer Modeling for Business and Industry, Bruce L. Bowerman and Richard T. O'Connell

60. Bayesian Analysis of Linear Models, Lyle D. Broemeling

61. Methodological Issues for Health Care Surveys, Brenda Cox and Steven Cohen

62. Applied Regression Analysis and Experimental Design, Richard J. Brook and Gregory C. Arnold

63. Statpal: A Statistical Package for Microcomputers-PC-DOS Version for the IBM PC and Compatibles, Bruce J. Chalmer and David G. Whitmore

64. Statpal: A Statistical Package for Microcomputers-Apple Version for the II, II+, and IIe, David G. Whitmore and Bruce J. Chalmer

65. Nonparametric Statistical Inference: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jean Dickinson Gibbons

66. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Roger G. Petersen

67. Statistical Methods for Pharmaceutical Research Planning, Sten W. Bergman and John C. Gittins

68. Goodness-of-Fit Techniques, edited by Ralph B. D'Agostino and Michael A. Stephens

69. Statistical Methods in Discrimination Litigation, edited by D. H. Kaye and Mikel Aickin

70. Truncated and Censored Samples from Normal Populations, Helmut Schneider

71. Robust Inference, M. L. Tiku, W. Y. Tan, and N. Balakrishnan

72. Statistical Image Processing and Graphics, edited by Edward J. Wegman and Douglas J. DePriest

73. Assignment Methods in Combinatorial Data Analysis, Lawrence J. Hubert

74. Econometrics and Structural Change, Lyle D. Broemeling and Hiroki Tsurumi

75. Multivariate Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data, Adelin Albert and Eugene K. Harris

76. Statistical Tools for Simulation Practitioners, Jack P. C. Kleiinen

77. Randomization Tests: Second Edition, Eugene S. Edgington

78. A Folio of Distributions: A Collection of Theoretical Quantile-Quantile Plots, Edward B. Fowlkes

79. Applied Categorical Data Analysis, Daniel H. Freeman, Jr.

80. Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations Models: Estimation and Inference, Virendra K. Srivastava and David E. A. Giles

81. Response Surfaces: Designs and Analyses, Andre L Khuri and John A. Cornell

82. Nonlinear Parameter Estimation: An Integrated System in BASIC, John C. Nash and Mary Walker-Smith

83. Cancer Modeling, edited by James R. Thompson and Barry W. Brown

84. Mixture Models: Inference and Applications to Clustering, Geoffrey J. McLachlan and Kaye E. Basford

85. Randomized Response: Theory and Techniques, Arijit Chaudhuri and Rahul Mukerjee

86. Biopharmaceutical Statistics for Drug Development, edited by Karl E. Peace

87. Parts per Million Values for Estimating Quality Levels, Robert E. Odeh and D. B. Owen

88. Lognormal Distributions: Theory and Applications, edited by Edwin L. Crow and Kunio Shimizu

89. Properties of Estimators for the Gamma Distribution, K. O. Bowman and L. R. Shenton

90. Spline Smoothing and Nonparametric Regression, Randall L. Eubank

91. Linear Least Squares Computations, R. W. Farebrother

92. Exploring Statistics, Damaraju Raghavarao

93. Applied Time Series Analysis for Business and Economic Forecasting, Sufi M. Nazem

94. Bayesian Analysis of Time Series and Dynamic Models, edited by James C. Spall


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135. Cross-Over Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Application, David A. Ratkowsky, Marc A. Evans, and J. Richard Alldredge

136. Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Narayan C. Giri

137. Applied Analysis of Variance in Behavioral Science, edited by Lynne K. Edwards

138. Drug Safety Assessment in Clinical Trials, edited by Gene S. Gilbert

139. Design of Experiments: A No-Name Approach, Thomas J. Lorenzen and Virgil L. Anderson

140. Statistics in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by C. Ralph Buncher and Jia-Yeong Tsay

141. Advanced Linear Models: Theory and Applications, Song-Gui Wang and Shein-Chung Chow

142. Multistage Selection and Ranking Procedures: Second-Order Asymptotics, Nitis Mukhopadhyay and Tumulesh K. S. Solanky

143. Statistical Design and Analysis in Pharmaceutical Science: Validation, Process Controls, and Stability, Shein-Chung Chow and Jen-pei Liu

144. Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Robert M. Bethea, Benjamin S. Duran, and Thomas L. Boullion

145. Growth Curves, Anant M. Kshirsagar and William Boyce Smith

146. Statistical Bases of Reference Values in Laboratory Medicine, Eugene K. Harris and James C. Boyd

147. Randomization Tests: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Eugene S. Edgington

148. Practical Sampling Techniques: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Ranjan K. Som

149. Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Narayan C. Giri

150. Handbook of the Normal Distribution: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jagdish K. Patel and Campbell B. Read

151. Bayesian Biostatistics, edited by Donald A. Berry and Dalene K. Stangl

152. Response Surfaces: Designs and Analyses, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Andr l. Khuri and John A. Cornell

153. Statistics of Quality, edited by Subir Ghosh, William R. Schucany, and William B. Smith

154. Linear and Nonlinear Models for the Analysis of Repeated Measurements, Edward F. Vonesh and Vernon Chinchilli

Additional Volumes in Preparation




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Page v

Preface

Statistical principles and methods play a fundamental role in improving the quality of information in various areas of application. This reference book is a collection of articles describing the recent developments in quality improvement. The articles, which are written in memory of Professor Donald B. Owen, reflect his spirit, vision, and research interests. Don passed away on May 5, 1991. The influence of his work still flows through the statistics profession and will be present for many years to come. His personal warmth, leadership, dedication to our profession, and encouragement of young statisticians will be remembered by his colleagues and friends.

Professors Subir Ghosh, William R. Schucany, and William B. Smith planned this book to honor Don. The topics covered include the role of statisticians in the quality movement, statistical process control, quality and warranty, quality statistical tables, quality standards in medicine and public health, and experiences and case studies. Other topics covered are Taguchi robust designs, measurement for experimentation, multiresponse experiments, signal estimation, survival models, contextual spatial classification, correspondence analysis, concrete statistics, survey sampling, multicriteria optimization, and Don Owen himself.

This book is for people concerned with improving the quality and reliability of any product, process, or service by collecting and analyzing statistical information. The authors are experts and eminent statisticians from the United States and abroad. They are also students, collaborators, colleagues, and friends of Don Owen. The articles are expository and have all been refereed. The book


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Page xiv

Gwei-Hung Herb Tsai Department of Statistics, Ming Chuan Business and Management University, Taipei, Taiwan

Kwok-Leung Tsui School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Richard L. Valliant U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C.

Sushmita Das Vij Department of Information and Operations Management, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

Morgan C. Wang University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida

Whedy Wang Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Edward J. Wegman Department of Applied and Engineering Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

John C. Young Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana



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Page i

Statistics of Quality

DedicatedtotheMemoryof

DonaldB.Owen

Edited by

Subir Ghosh

University of California

Riverside, California

William R. Schucany

Southern Methodist University

Dallas, Texas

William B. Smith

Texas A&M University

College Station, Texas


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Page vii

Contents

Preface

v

Contributors

xi

1. Donald B. Owen's Contributions to the Statistics of Quality

William R. Schucany

1

2. The Quality Movement: Where It Stands and the Role of Statisticians in Its Future

Robert V. Hogg, with Comments by David S. Moore

11

3. A Sequential Test of Some Process Capability Indices

Youn-Min Chou and Michael T. Anderson

31

4. Calibration of Gasoline Flow Meters

Conrad D. Krueger, Sr., Jerome P Keating, Nandini Kannan, and Robert L. Mason

49

5. Some Aspects of Hotelling's T2 Statistic for Multivariate Quality Control

Nola D. Tracy, John C. Young, and Robert L. Mason

77

6. Magnetic Field Quality Investigations for Superconducting Super Collider Magnets

Richard F Gunst and William R. Schucany

101

7. Real Experiments, Real Mistakes, Real Learning!

Bovas Abraham and Mike Brajac

121



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Statistics of Quality

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