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SUPPLEMENTAR MATERIAL - TABLES

Table 1S. Summary of studies on Atlantic bluefin tuna from the western stock. WAO = western Atlantic Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the reference are indicated by “*”.

Area Method Sex Nº Length range

(cm)Age range

(years)Growth Model K L∞ (cm) to Author

WAO Length frequency-Scales B 1-7 MLA 0.16 209.6

-1.12 Westman & Neville (1942) (*)

WAO Scales-caudal vertebrae B 197 34-249 0-14 MLA 0.06 428.2

-1.43 Mather & Schuck (1960) (*)

WAO Length frequency-caudal vertebrae B 22-221 0-10 VB 0.07 371.0

-1.37 Mather & Schuck (1960)

WAO Otolith M 212 236-274 11-25 VB 0.13 286.6

-0.33 Butler et al. (1977)

WAO Otolith F 78 233-259 15-25 VB 0.12 277.3

-0.80 Butler et al. (1977)

WAO Tagging B 3545 45-300 1-20 VB 0.09 313.0

-0.96 Parrack & Phares (1979)

WAO Tagging B 66 1-11 VB 0.12 313.0

-0.14 Farber & Lee (1981)

WAO Caudal vertebrae. Back calculated B 1061 40-263 0-14 VB 0.08 401.0

-0.92 Farber & Lee (1981)

WAO Otolit M 953 60-300 1-30 VB 0.17 277.8 0.25 Hurley & Iles (1983)

WAO Otolith F 463 60-297 1-32 VB 0.17 266.4 0.11 Hurley & Iles (1983)

WAO Tagging-length frequency B 3256 45-301 1-18 VB 0.08 382.0

-0.71 Turner & Restrepo (1994, reviewed data)

WAO Otolith B 28 5-32 VB 0.12 289.0

-0.06 Neilson & Campana (2008)

WAO B 121 4-33 VB 0.20 257.0 0.83 Secor et al. (2009)

WAO Otolith-length frequency B 146 40-284 0-33 VB 0.09 314.9

-1.13 Restrepo et al. (2010)

WAO Tagging B 903 VB 0.08 364.9

-1.04 Ailloud et al. (2014)

Table 2S. Summary of studies on Pacific Bluefin Tuna. WECPO = western, eastern, and central Pacific Ocean, EPO = eastern Pacific Ocean, WPO = western Pacific Ocean, NPO = northern Pacific Ocean, PO = entire Pacific Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0, ᴪ = growth rate in centimeters per year. Studies with no Linf value found linear growth with a slope k and Y-intercept of t0. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the reference are indicated by “*”.

Area Method Sex Nº Length Range (cm)

Age Range(years)

K L∞

(cm) t0 Author

WECPO Tagging B 703 19.1-56.4 <1 4.32 581 0 Bayliff et al. (1991)WECPO Tagging B 893 56.4-153 1 - 4 25.9 (ᴪ) - 0 Bayliff et al. (1991) (*)WECPO Tagging B 1596 19.1-153 <1 - 4 0.18 223 0 Bayliff et al. (1991)EPO Scales B 124 51-142 1 - 5 17.4 (ᴪ) - 38.54 Bell (1963) (*)WPO Vertebrae B 21 34 - 211 1 - 10 23.2 (ᴪ) - 24.33 Aikawa & Kato (1938) (*)WPO Length frequency B 4156 20 - 150 <1 - 9 0.18 300 0.04 Yokota et al. (1961) (*)NPO Scales (confirmed by Length frequency, Tagging) B 97 47 - 192 <1-10 0.10 320.5 -0.7 Yukinawa & Yabuta (1967)PO Otolith B 15 19.7-158.6 <1 - 5 0.19 219.8 -0.26 Foreman (1996) (*)EPO Vertebrae/Tagging B 232 59 - 168 1 - 6 21.4 (ᴪ) - 24.29 Foreman (1996) (*)WPO Otolith B 808 46 - 260 1 - 26 0.17 249.6 -0.254 Shimose et al. (2009)WPO Otolith B 45 10.8-21.6 <1 3.33 - 20.17 Tanaka et al. (2007)WPO Otolith B 85 14.8 - 28 <1 2.61 - 18.52 Tanaka et al. (2007)WPO Vertebrae/Tagging B 268 30 - 81.8 <2 0.034 703.6 -1.107 Anonymous (1986)NPO Scales B 6707 50 - 175 1 - 6 - 295.4 - Schultze & Collins (1977)

Table 3S. Summary of studies on southern bluefin tuna. Table partly from Hampton (1991) and Fournier et al. (1990). SOA = south of Australia, SPO = southern Pacific Ocean, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, SEIO = south-east Indian Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, VBlogK = two-stanza growth model, KS = Kirkwood and Sommers model with model error, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.

Area Method Sex Nº Length range (cm)

Age range (years)

Growth Model K L∞

(cm) to Author

SOA Length frequency B 30-80 1-16 VB 0.14 222.5 0.01 Shingu (1970) 1

SPO Tagging B 1-16 VB 0.15 187.4 0.02 Shingu (1970) 1

SOA Scales annuli B 1025 38-184 3-8 VB 0.14 219.7 -0.04 Yukinawa (1970)

SPO Tagging B 1-12 VB 0.19 171.5 0.00 Lucas (1974)

SPO Tagging B 2578 ?-185 VB 0.15 180.8 -0.01 Murphy (1977)

SPO Tagging B VB 0.18 176.6 -0.01 Hearn (1979)

SOA Length frequency B 77 VB 0.13 214.8 -0.10 Kirkwood (1983)

SPO Tagging B 794 VB 0.13 209.0 Kirkwood (1983)

SPO Tagging & Length-frequency B 794 & 77 VB 0.13 207.6 -0.39 Kirkwood (1983)

SOA Otolith (whole) B 480 42-167 1-9 VB 0.11 261.3 -0.16 Thorogood (1987)

SPO Length-frequency B VB 0.17 188.2 Fournier et al. (1990)

SPO Tagging B 1736 50-185 1-15 KS 0.14 186.9 -0.54 Hampton (1991) 2

SEIO, SOA Otolith B 122 25-78 0-2.4 MLA Itoh and Tsuji (1996)

SPO Otolith (sectioned and whole) B 1121 30-215 1-41 VB 0.19 183.2 -0.92 Gunn et al. (2008)

SPO Tagging, length and otolith B 791, 24019, 277 40-173 1-216 VB log k 0.22/0.17 184.7 Eveson et al. (2004) 1980s 3

SPO Tagging, length and otolith B 202, 21788, 1298 41-175 22-386 VB log k 0.14/0.15 187.8 Polacheck et al. (2004) 1960s 4

SPO Tagging, length and otolith B 2181, 17865, 668 38-140 12-306 VB log k 0.15/0.19 184.3 Polacheck et al. (2004) 1970s 4

SPO Tagging and otolith B 2980, 281 40-173 1-216 VB log k 0.22/0.17 184.7 Polacheck et al. (2004) 1980s 4

SPO Tagging and otolith B 6130, 1656 41-183 1-66 VB log k 0.25/0.16 184.9 Polacheck et al. (2004) 1990s 4

SPO Tagging and otolith B 7499, 281 VB log k 0.26/0.17 181.5 Eveson (2011b) 1990s 5

SPO Tagging and otolith B 7499, 281 VB log k 0.26/0.17 181.5 Eveson (2011b) 2000s 5

1 von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from Robins (1963), 2 model parameters for Kirkwood and Sommers were taken from Hampton (1991), 3 VB log k model parameters were taken from Eveson et al. (2004), 4 VB log k model parameters

were taken from Polacheck et al. (2004), year after the bracket refers to the decade for the growth curve, 5 VB log k model parameters were taken from Eveson (2011). Due to lack of sufficient data for the 2000s, several parameters needed to be fixed when fitting the VB log k growth curve (mean L∞ = 181.5, w = 0.16 and beta = 30) additional model parameters obtained from the citation. 6 Ages given from otoliths only.

Table 4S. Summary of studies on albacore from the Atlantic Ocean. NAO = North Atlantic Ocean, SAO = South Atlantic Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0. Those cases where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the reference are indicated by “*”.


(cm)

Age range(years)

Growth Model K L∞ (cm) to Author

NAO Scales B 159 1-7 VB 0.19 135.0 0.14 Yang (1970)NAO Length frequency B 1-10 VB 0.14 140.0 -1.63 Beardsley (1971)NAO Scales-Length frequency B 1-13 VB 0.18 134.4 -0.35 Bard (1974)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 353 46-113 2-8 VB 0.23 124.7 -0.99 Bard & Compeán-Jimenez (1980)

NAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 266 38-100 1-7 VB 0.13 140.1 -1.57 González-Garcés & Fariňa-Perez (1983)

NAO Caudal vertebrae. Back-calculation B 21 50-111 2-10 VB 0.17 128.5 -1.21 Fernandez (1992)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine. Back-calculation B 21 50-111 2-10 VB 0.17 127.1 -1.12 Fernandez (1992)NAO Tagging B 228 63-100 1-8 VB 0.32 106.2 -1.29 Ortiz de Zarate et al. (1994)NAO Tagging B 243 63-100 1-8 VB 0.31 108.2 1.25 Ortiz de Zarate & Parrack (1996)NAO Tagging B 298 1-8 VB 0.33 105.6 Ortiz de Zarate & Restrepo (2001)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 761 40-119 1-9 VB 0.18 127.1 -1.62 Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine. Back-calculation M 44 70-100 1-9 VB 0.14 140.5 -2.22 Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine. Back-calculation F 80 70-119 1-9 VB 0.19 119.4 -1.89 Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine-Tagging B 1-9 VB 0.21 122.2 -1.34 Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005)NAO Length frequency B 3-12 VB 0.12 147.7 0 Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 62 41-111 1-9 MLA 0.21 132.4 -1.13 Ortiz de Zarate et al. (2005) (*)SAO 1st dorsal fin spine-Caudal vertebrae B 344 83-118 2-13 VB 0.13 147.5 -1.89 Lee & Yeh (2007, reviewed data)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 276 1-10 VB 0.19 127.4 -1.64 Boyd (2010)NAO 1st dorsal fin spine. Back-calculation B 1485 40-120 1-12 VB 0.21 120.2 -1.62 Ortiz de Zárate & Babcock (2015)

Table 5S. Summary of studies on albacore tuna from the Mediterranean Sea. MS = Mediterranean Sea, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0. Those cases where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data taken from the reference are indicated by “*”.


(cm)

Age range (years)


MS Scales B 122 32-88 0-4 MLA 0.21 113.3 -1.80 Arena et al. (1980) (*)MS Scales B 219 55-82 1-6 MLA 0.26 87.2 -2.99 Megalofonou (1990) (*)MS 1st dorsal fin spine B 1136 57-92 1-8 VB 0.26 94.7 -1.35 Megalofonou (2000)MS 1st dorsal fin spine M 435 60-89 2-7 VB 0.31 90.5 -1.01 Megalofonou (2000)MS 1st dorsal fin spine F 273 57-84 1-6 VB 0.54 78.2 -0.38 Megalofonou (2000)MS Scales B 446 55-89 1-6 VB 0.37 86.0 -0.76 Megalofonou et al. (2003)MS 1st dorsal fin spine B 249 52-96 1-11 MLA 0.08 119.0 -6.80 Quelle et al. (2011) (*)MS 1st dorsal fin spine M 111 52-92 1-11 MLA 0.14 103.2 -4.38 Quelle et al. (2011) (*)MS 1st dorsal fin spine F 138 52-83 1-10 MLA 0.12 100.8 -5.85 Quelle et al. (2011) (*)MS 1st dorsal fin spine B 734 55-101 2-9 VB 0.30 93.2 -1.21 Karakulak et al. (2011)MS 1st dorsal fin spine M 110 64-91 2-8 VB 0.16 104.8 -4.11 Karakulak et al. (2011)MS 1st dorsal fin spine F 105 55-83 2-6 VB 0.69 78.9 -1.20 Karakulak et al. (2011)

Table 6S. Summary of studies on albacore tuna from the Pacific Ocean. NPO = north Pacific Ocean, SPO = south Pacific Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.


Age range (years)

Growth Model K L∞

(cm) to Author

NPO Tagging B 54-77 1-6 VB 0.17 135.6 -1.87 Clemens (1961)NPO Scales B VB 0.15 145.3 -0.40 Yabuta & Yukinawa (1963)NPO Tagging B 410 47-92 VB 0.20 125.0 Laurs & Wetherall (1981)SPO Caudal vertebrae B 417 43-112 1-10 VB 0.06 192.0 -3.30 Murray & Bailey (1989)SPO Length frequency B 57-91 3-8 VB 0.28 102.0 0 Hampton et al. (1990)SPO Length frequency B 1-9 VB 0.24 97.1 0 Labelle et al. (1993)SPO Caudal vertebrae B 490 44-110 1-13 VB 0.13 121.0 -1.92 Labelle et al. (1993)SPO Otolith B 83 50-104 1-14 VB 0.32 102.9 -1.11 Farley & Clear (2008)SPO 1st dorsal fin spine B 97 50-104 1-11 VB 0.31 104.7 -1.14 Farley & Clear (2008)

SPO Otolith B 1969 45-108 1-14 Logistic 0.61 102.1 1.12 Williams et al. (2012)

SPO Otolith F 970 45-108 1-14 Logistic 0.69 97.0 0.99 Williams et al. (2012)SPO Otolith M 929 45-108 1-13 Logistic 0.59 105.3 1.25 Williams et al. (2012)NPO Otolith F 126 46-101 1-10 VB 0.34 103.5 -0.53 Chen et al. (2012)NPO Otolith M 148 45-118 1-14 VB 0.25 114.0 -1.01 Chen et al. (2012)NPO Otolith B 486 52-128 1-15 VB 0.16 124.1 -2.24 Wells et al. (2013)NPO Otolith. Length - conditional B 126 45-128 1-15 VB 0.24 111.6 -1.32 Xu et al. (2016)

Table 7S. Summary of studies on albacore tuna from the Indian Ocean. IO = Indian Ocean, SIO = south Indian Ocean, SPO = south Pacific Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.


Age rang

e

Growth

ModelK L∞ to Author

IO Scales B 64-106 VB 0.16

128.1

-0.90 Huang et al. (1990)

IO Length frequency B VB 0.16

136.0

-1.68 Hsu (1991)

IO Vertebrae B VB 0.11

163.7

-2.07 Lee & Liu (1992)

IO Length frequency B VB 0.13

147.2 0 Chang et al. (1993)

SIO 1st dorsal fin spine. Back-calculation B 10

6 97-120 3-7 VB 0.19

113.7

-8.39 Cheng et al. (2012)

Table 8S. Summary of studies on yellowfin tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. AO = Atlantic Ocean, EAO = eastern Atlantic Ocean, WAO = western Atlantic Ocean, CAO = central Atlantic Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0, L0 = length at t0, t in VB equation in months indicated by (*), K and L∞ estimated from the parameters values by the model provided in Gascuel et al. (1992) indicated by (').


Age range (years)


EAO Tagging + Length frequency B 70-156 VB 0.05 189.0 15.39 Fonteneau (1980) (*)

EAO Length frequency B 63-170 Gascuel 9.87 175.9 10 (L0) Gascuel et al. (1992) (')

EAO Length frequency B 184 53-165 VB 0.04 194.8 7.48 LeGuen & Sakagawa (1973) (*)EAO Tagging B 243 65-180 VB 0.47 196.6 0.85 Bard (1984)EAO Tagging B 472 35-130 Richards-Nelder 0.47 134 Bard et al. (1991)WAO Dorsal fin spines + length frequency B 380 45-191 0.5-6.5 VB 0.27 230.7 -0.08 Lessa & Duarte-Neto (2004)AO Tagging B VB 0.56 183.9 Miyabe (1984)WAO- Venezuela Length frequency B 66-180 VB 0.88 155.0 0.96 Gaertner & Pagavino (1991)WAO- Brasil Length frequency B 65-155 VB 0.43 184.0 -0.08 Gaertner & Pagavino (1991)EAO Length frequency B 63-18 VB 0.57 189.0 1.19 Gaertner & Pagavino (1991)AO Otolith B 5-179 VB 0.28 245.5 0.04 Shuford et al. (2007)WAO Otolith B 281 53-113 VB 0.32 237.1 0.30 Driggers et al. (1999)AO Scales B VB 0.28 222.8 Yang et al. (1969)CAO Dorsal fin spines B VB 0.37 192.4 0.00 Draganic & Pelzcarski (1984)

Table 9S. Summary of studies on yellowfin tuna from the Pacific Ocean. EPO = eastern Pacific Ocean, CPO = central Pacific Ocean, NWPO = northwestern Pacific Ocean, WCPO = western central Pacific Ocean, WPO = western Pacific Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, LF = Length Frequency, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0, t in months indicated by (*), t0 in days indicated by (').



EPO Otolith M 59 50-142 Gompertz 0.62 194.7 1.59 Wild (1986)EPO Otolith F 103 52-167 Gompertz 0.59 184.2 1.43 Wild (1986)EPO & CPO Length Frequency B 443 93-167 VB 0.52 175.9 0.19 Zhu et al. (2011)EPO Length Frequency B 70-148 VB 0.06 173.0 0.92 Hennemuth (1961) (*)EPO Length Frequency B 72-149 VB 0.05 167.0 0.8 Davidoff (1963) (*)EPO - North Length Frequency B 80-140 VB 0.05 167.0 Diaz (1963)EPO - Tropical Length Frequency B 80-140 VB 0.05 169.0 Diaz (1963)NWPO Length Frequency B 50-165 VB 0.39 175.0 0.003 Sun et al. (2003)WCPO Otolith + tagging B 180 20-145 VB 0.39 199.6 -0.18 Lehodey & Leroy (1999)WCPO Otolith + tagging B 180 20-145 VB modified 0.73 151.7 -0.09 Lehodey & Leroy (1999)WCPO Otolith + tagging F 63 VB modified 0.51 177.1 -0.17 Lehodey & Leroy (1999)WCPO Otolith + tagging M 55 VB modified 0.81 146.7 -0.05 Lehodey & Leroy (1999)CPO Otolith counts B 17-93 VB 0.39 170.3 0.04 Uchiyama & Struhsaker (1981)WPO Scales B 70-140 VB 0.33 190.1 Yabuta et al. (1960)

CPO Length Frequency B 70-120 VB 0.44 192.0 0.22 Moore (1951)

WPO - Philippines Otolith B 16-79 VB 0.03 88.5 -49.10 Yamanaka (1990) (')

WPO Scales B 223 VB 0.39 174.9 0.05 Huang et al. (1973)

WPO Tagging + LF B 0.25 166.4 Hampton (2000)

WPO - Japan Length Frequency B 30-150 VB 0.55 168.0 0.35 Yabuta & Yukinawa (1957)

WPO Length Frequency B 80-150 VB 0.66 150.0 0.40 Yabuta & Yukinawa (1959)

WPO Scales B 60-139 VB 0.36 195.2 0.3 Yang et al. (1969)

WPO Length Frequency B 30-96 VB 0.29 180.9 Wankowski (1981)

WPO - Philippines Length Frequency B VB 0.42 148.0 Ingles & Pauly (1984)

Table 10S. Summary of studies on yellowfin tuna from the Indian Ocean. IO = Indian Ocean, WIO = western Indian Ocean, CIO = central Indian Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, VBlogK = two-stanza growth model, LF = Length Frequency.

Area Method Sex Nº

Fork Length range (cm)

Age range (years)

Growth Model K L∞

(cm) to Author

IO Otolith (microincrements) B 151 30-140 0.5-4 VB 0.18 272.7 -0.27 Stequert et al. (1996)

IO Length frequency B 30-135 Gascuel 0.83 163.4 Viera (2005)

WIO Length frequency B 30-144 VB 0.80 150.8 1.70 Lumineau (2002) (*)WIO Length frequency B 30-144 Gascuel 0.84 152.1 Lumineau (2002)CIO Length frequency B 27-137 VB 0.32 145.0 -0.34 Mohan & Kunhikoya (1985)WIO Length frequency B 44-81 VB 0.65 173.1 Marsac (1991)IO Vertebrae M 1634 55-178 1-7 VB 0.34 182.2 0.07 Romanov & Korotkova (1988) MalesIO Vertebrae F 1634 55-178 1-7 VB 0.28 196.8 0.03 Romanov & Korotkova (1988) FemalesIO Length frequency B 41-95 VB 0.33 193.9 -0.17 Yesaki (1991)

WIO Otolith + tagging + LF B 40-160 0-5 VBlogK0.184 (k1)

155.7 -0.85 Dortel et al. (2015) Model 20.78 (k2)

WIO Otolith + tagging + LF B 40-160 0-5 VBlogK0.21 (k1)

130.7 -1.1 Eveson et al. (2015) Team 11.54 (k2)

WIO Scales B 52-92 VB 0.35 191.1 0.1 Huang et al. (1973)WIO Otolith B 386 66-145 0.75-9 VB 0.21 166.9 -2.66 Shih et al. (2014) BothWIO Otolith F 128 67-145 0.75-6.5 VB 0.85 123.6 -0.45 Shih et al. (2014) FemalesWIO Otolith M 222 69-165 0.75-9 VB 0.24 162.9 -2.14 Shih et al. (2014) Males

Table 11S. Summary of studies on bigeye tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. Table partly from Duarte-Neto et al. (2012) and Brown (2005). NAO = north Atlantic Ocean, EAO = eastern Atlantic Ocean, WAO = western Atlantic Ocean, SWAO = southwestern Atlantic Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = von Bertalanffy, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.


Age range (years) Growth Model K L∞ (cm) to Author

EAO Length frequency B 61-139 0-4 VB 0.10 338.5 -0.54 Champagnat & Pianet (1974)EAO Length frequency B 35322 45-155 0-6 VB 0.15 259.6 -0.40 Marcille et al. (1978)

Length frequency B 43-188 1-8 VB 0.05 491.6 -0.95 Weber (1980)

EAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 1480 31-189 1-8 VB 0.17 253.8 -0.15 Gaikov et al. (1980)

WAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 70 ~60-180 2-6 VB 0.21 237.7 -0.05 Pelczarski (1992)

Length frequency B 31-162 0-6 VB 0.09 381.5 Pereira (1984)EAO Tagging B 139 38-93 1-3 VB 0.11 285.4 -0.50 Cayre & Diouf (1984)EAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 71 56-190 1-7 VB 0.23 218.8 -0.02 Draganik and Pelczarski (1984)

EAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 281 58-187 1-8 VB 0.18 206.1 -0.74 Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986)

EAO 1st dorsal fin spine F 91 1-8 VB 0.17 214.5 -0.77 Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986)

EAO 1st dorsal fin spine M 96 1-8 VB 0.20 199.7 -0.71 Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986)

SWAO Length frequency B 30214 65-102 2-9 VB 0.14 295.5 0.00 Fagundes et al. (2001)EAO Vertebrae B 175 44-179 0-8 VB 0.12 264.0 -0.68 Alves et al. (2002)EAO Vertebrae F 62 54-166 VB 0.13 245.1 -0.69 Alves et al. (2002)EAO Vertebrae M 113 56-177 VB 0.12 267.3 -0.61 Alves et al. (2002)EAO Tagging/otolith B 625/255 37-124/29-190 0-10 VB 0.18 217.3 -0.71 Hallier et al. (2005)NAO Length frequency B 1389 50-206 1-12 VB 0.23 217.9 -0.44 Zhu et al. (2009a)SWAO 1st dorsal fin spine B 516 50-179 1-9 VB 0.16 222.4 -0.82 Duarte-Neto et al. (2012)

Table 12S. Summary of studies on bigeye tuna from the Pacific Ocean. Table partly from Lehodey et al. (1999) and Zhu et al. (2009b). WPO = western Pacific Ocean, WCPO = western central Pacific Ocean, NWPO = northwestern Pacific Ocean, CPO = central Pacific Ocean, SWPO = southwestern Pacific Ocean, ECPO = eastern central Pacific Ocean, EPO = eastern Pacific Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = von Bertalanffy, MBV = modified von Bertalanffy.

Area Method Sex NºLength range

(cm)

Age range (years)

Growth Model K

L∞

(cm) to AuthorNWPO Scales B 1622 60-150 VB 0.21 215.0 -0.01 Yukinawa & Yabuta (1963)WCPO Length Frequency B 1-7 VB 0.21 214.8 0.02 Suda & Kume (1967)WPO Otolith/tagging B 124/ 311 25-175/29-175 0-8 VB 0.37 165.3 -0.34 Hampton et al. (1998)

CPO Otolith/tagging B 149/ 264 25-157/30-185 0-3 MVB 0.39 166.7 -0.28 Lehodey et al (1999)1

WCPO Weight frequency B 60-160 1.5-6 VB 0.20 204.9 -0.01 Kikkawa & Cushing (2001) Lowest growthWCPO Weight frequency B 60-160 1.5-6 VB 0.47 157.9 0.00 Kikkawa & Cushing (2001) Highest growthWPO Dorsal spines (annual) B 1098 46-189 1-10 VB 0.20 208.7 -0.99 Sun et al (2001)SWPO Otolith (annuli) B 999 39-178 1-16 VB 0.24 169.1 -1.71 Farley et al (2006)WCPO Otolith (annuli) B 276 47-183 0-11 VB 0.35 156.0 -0.96 Nicol et al (2011)

ECPO - Hawaii Weight frequency F 2582 80-155 1-7 VB 0.37 179.3 -0.27 Shomura & Keala (1963)2

ECPO - Hawaii Weight frequency M 2646 80-155 1-7 VB 0.32 190.7 -0.33 Shomura & Keala (1963)2

EPO Length frequency B 64752 82-150 VB 0.38 187.0 0.53 Kume & Joseph (1966)ECPO Otolith (daily) B 254 ~30.0-149.9 0.5-4.0 VB 0.11 400.3 -0.40 Schaefer & Fuller (2006)ECPO Otolith (daily) F 114 ~40.0-149.9 0.5-4.0 VB 0.08 513.8 -0.46 Schaefer & Fuller (2006)ECPO Otolith (daily) M 112 ~40.0-149.9 0.5-4.0 VB 0.10 418.9 -0.48 Schaefer & Fuller (2006)ECPO Tagging B 205 65.1-131.4 1.0-5.0 VB 0.12 367.7 Schaefer & Fuller (2006)ECPO Length frequency B 1187 50-198 1-14 VB 0.23 207.4 -0.43 Zhu et al. (2009b)ECPO Length frequency F 423 85-192 VB 0.32 207.4 -0.44 Zhu et al. (2009b)ECPO Length frequency M 649 75-198 VB 0.27 202.1 -0.44 Zhu et al. (2009b)

1 additional model parameters obtained from the citation, 2 length based parameters from weight in Lehodey et al. (1999) and Deriso et al. (1998).

Table 13S. Summary of studies on bigeye tuna from the Indian Ocean. IO = Indian Ocean, WIO = western Indian Ocean, EIO = eastern Indian Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = von Bertalanffy. VBlogK = two-stanza growth model, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L ∞

= asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.

Area Method Sex NºLength range (cm)

Age range (years)


IO Vertebrae B 444 42-200 1-8 VB 0.09 296.5 -1.34 Tankevich (1982)IO Vertebrae F 444 42-200 1-8 VB 0.17 209.8 -0.86 Tankevich (1982)IO Vertebrae M 444 42-200 1-8 VB 0.06 423.0 -1.73 Tankevich (1982)

WIO Otolith B 164 30-165 1-7 VB 0.32 169.1 -0.34 Stéquert & Conand (2004)EIO Otolith B 657 64-178 1-15 VB 0.18 178.4 -2.50 Farley et al. (2006)IO Tagging B VB log k 0.07, 0.42 160.0 -3.09 Eveson (2008)1

IO Tagging and otolith B VB log k 0.15, 0.41 150.9 -1.20 Eveson et al. (2012)2

IO Tagging and otolith B 2936, 114 VB log k 0.06, 0.45 152.5 -4.30 Eveson et al. (2015)3

1 additional model parameters obtained from the citation; 2 Eveson et al (2015) VB log k estimates are from Table B1 using model 2; and 3

Eveson et al (2015) estimates are from Table 2 using team 2 otolith estimates.

Table 14S. Summary of studies on skipjack tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. The data were taken partly from Gaertner et al. (2008). EEAO = eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean, NTAO = northeastern temperate Atlantic Ocean, TNAO = tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean, SWAO = southwestern Atlantic Ocean, CSV = Caribbean Sea Venezuela, NWAO-NC = northwestern Atlantic Ocean off North Carolina (USA), WAO-CS = western Atlantic Ocean - Caribbean Sea, EAO = eastern Atlantic Ocean, EAO-N10 = eastern Atlantic Ocean – north 10ºN, EAO-S10 = eastern Atlantic Ocean - south 10ºN, EAO-GG = eastern Atlantic Ocean – Gulf of Guinea, SWAO = southwestern Atlantic Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the reference are indicated by (*).


Age range (years)


EEAO Tagging studies B 530 na na VB 0.32 80.0 Bard & Antoine (1986)

NTAO Tagging studies B 530 na na VB 0.60 80.0 Bard & Antoine (1986)

TNAO Tagging B 170 VB 2.08 62.0 Cayré et al. (1986) TotalTNAO –Senegal Tagging B 144 VB 2.96 57.7 Cayré et al. (1986) SenegalTNAO -Cap Vert Tagging B 26 VB 1.54 59.9 Cayré et al. (1986) Cape VertSWAO Dorsal fin spines B 628 34-70 0.5-4.5 VB 0.22 87.1 -2.09 Vilela & Castelo (1991) BothSWAO Dorsal fin spines F 358 34-70 0.5-4.5 VB 0.18 89.4 -2.45 Vilela & Castelo (1991) FemalesSWAO Dorsal fin spines M 453 34-70 0.5-4.5 VB 0.18 95.0 -2.67 Vilela & Castelo (1991) MalesCSV Length frequency B 22899 20.5-96.5 0-6 VB 0.38 94.0 0.00 Pagavino (1997)NWAO-NC Dorsal fin spines B 512 26-75 0-3 VB 0.20 79.6 -4.33 Batts (1972) BothNWAO-NC Dorsal fin spines F 0-3 VB 0.20 78.4 -4.5 Batts (1972) FemalesNWAO-NC Dorsal fin spines M 0-3 VB 0.15 87.2 -4.7 Batts (1972) MalesWAO-CS Length frequency B 38-96 0-6 VB 0.34 94.9 Pagavino & Gaertner (1995)EAO Tagging + metaanalysis B 222 40-65 VB - Fabens 0.25 97.3 Hallier & Gaertner (2006)EAO-N10 Tagging + metaanalysis B 3851 42-60 VB - Fabens 0.38 89.4 Gaertner et al. (2008) North 10ºNEAO-S10 Tagging + metaanalysis B 3851 36-62 VB - Fabens 0.14 112.3 Gaertner et al. (2008) South 10ºNEAO-GG Spines B 35-74 0.31 86.7 0.317 Chur & Zharov (1983)SWAO Spines B 312 30-75 VB 0.25 80.7 -1.94 Andrade et al (1984)SWAO Spines B 312 30-75 VB 0.15 97.9 -0.07 Andrade et al (1984)

Table 15S. Summary of studies on skipjack tuna from the Pacific Ocean. Data were partly taken from Gaertner et al. (2008). EPO = eastern Pacific Ocean, CPO = central Pacific Ocean, WCPO = western central Pacific Ocean, WPO = western Pacific Ocean, TWPO-J = tropical western Pacific Ocean and Japan, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, MLA = Mean Length at Age, LF = Length Frequency, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0. Instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the reference are indicated by (*).

Area Method Sex Nº

Fork Length range (cm)

Growth

ModelK L∞

(cm) to Author

EPO Tagging (averaged) B 438 40-68 VB 0.43 88.1 Joseph & Calkins (1969)

EPO Tagging (not averaged) B 438 40-68 VB 0.83 72.9 Joseph & Calkins (1969)

EPO Length Frequency B 40-68 VB 0.41 107.5 Joseph & Calkins (1969)EPO Tagging B VB 0.77 75.5 Sibert et al. (1983)EPO Tagging B VB 0.64 79.1 Josse et al. (1979)EPO Tagging B VB 0.66 88.5 Bayliff (1988) ungroupedEPO Tagging B VB 0.83 84.6 Bayliff (1988) groupedCPO Frequency B 42-68 MLA 0.95 85.0 Brock (1954) in Joseph & Calkins 1969 (*)CPO Otoliths B 51 4-80 VB 0.55 102.2 -0.02 Uchiyama & Struhsaker (1981)WCPO Length Frequency B 30-74 VB 0.51 74.8 Wankowski (1981)WPO Tagging B VB 1.25 61.3 Sibert et al. (1983)WPO- Papua New Guinea Tagging B 40-60 VB 0.95 65.5 Josse et al. (1979)

WPO - Vanuatu Length Frequency B VB 0.75 60.0 Brouard et al. (1984)TWPO-J Otolith B 453 18-71 VB 0.43 93.6 -0.49 Tanabe et al. (2003)WPO - Japan Length Frequency B 32-68 VB 0.60 76.6 -0.31 Yao (1981) in Wild & Hampton (1994)WPO - Taiwan Vertebrae B 27-65 VB 0.30 103.6 -0.02 Chi & Yang (1973) in Wild & Hampton (1994)CPO Tagging B 0.47 92.0 Skilman (1981)WPO Length Frequency B MLA 0.19 141.8 Kawasaki (1963) , in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)CPO Tagging B VB 0.77 82.3 Rothschild (1966) corrected, in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)

CPO Tagging B VB 0.59 90.6 Rothschild (1966) uncorrected, in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)

EPO Length Frequency B MLA 0.44 85.1 Schaefer (1961) in Joseph & Calkins 1969 (*)

WCPO Spines B 262 28-75 VB 0.64 70.7 -0.037 Wang et al. (2010)

Table 16S. Summary of studies on skipjack tuna from the Indian Ocean. IO = Indian Ocean, WIO = western Indian Ocean, B = both sexes, M = males, F = females, VB = Von Bertalanffy, VBlogK = two-stanza growth model, K = VB growth rate coefficient, L∞ = asymptotic average maximum length, to = theoretical age at length 0.


Growth Model K L∞

(cm) to Author

IO Length frequency B VB 0.93 60.6 0.03 Marcille & Stequert (1976)IO Length frequency B VB 0.98 62.3 0.18 Marcille & Stéquert (1976)IO - Maldives Tagging B 40-64 VB 0.55 64.3 Adam (1999)IO - Maldives Length frequency B VB 0.63 78.0 Hafiz (1985)IO - Maldives Length frequency B 20-70 VB 0.45 82.0 Hafiz (1987)IO - Sri Lanka Length frequency B 26-82 VB 0.62 85.0 Amarasiri & Joseph (1987)IO - Sri Lanka Length frequency B VB 0.52 77 Sivasubramanium (1985)IO - Minicoy Length frequency B 1892 28-68 VB 0.49 90.0 -0.06 Mohan & Kunhikoya (1985)WIO Spines B 483 32-72 VB 0.25 94.8 0.10 Romanov et al. (1995)IO Tagging B 1713 40-70 VB 0.29 76.0 Hillary et al. (2008)IO Tagging + metanalysis B 1512 40-70 VB Fabens 0.26 77.7 Gaertner (2008)IO Tagging B 1915 40-70 VB 0.50 65.8 Eveson & Million (2008)IO Tagging B 4345 30-75 VB 0.76 61.6 Eveson (2011)IO Tagging B 4345 30-75 VB 0.30 75.0 Eveson (2011) Fixing LinfIO Tagging B 4345 30-75 VB 0.23 83.0 Eveson (2011) Fixing LinfIO Tagging B 4345 30-75 VBlogK 1.06/0.43 67.6 Eveson (2011)IO - Maldives Tagging + Otolith B 5071 30-75 VBlogK 1.41/0.35 70.5 Eveson et al. (2015)

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL - FIGURES Figure 1S Estimated growth curves for bluefin tuna from the western Atlantic Ocean. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the cited publication are indicated by “*”.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Westman & Neville (1942) (*)

Mather & Schuck (1960) (*) Scales-verteb

Mather & Schuck (1960) Length freq-verteb

Butler et al. (1977) Males

Butler et al. (1977) Females

Parrack & Phares (1979)

Farber & Lee (1981) Tagging

Farber & Lee (1981) Vertebrae

Hurley & Iles (1983) Males

Hurley & Iles (1983) Females

Turner & Restrepo (1994, reviewed data)

Neilson & Campana (2008)

Secor et al. (2009)

Restrepo et al. (2010)

Ailloud et al. (2014)

Figure 2S Estimated growth curves for Pacific bluefin tuna.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Bayliff et al. (1991)

Bell (1963)

Aikawa & Kato (1938)

Yokota etl. (1961)

Yukinawa and Yabuta (1967)

Foreman (1996)

Shimose et al. (2009)

Anonymous (1986)

Figure 3S Estimated growth curves for Southern bluefin tuna.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Shingu (1970) LF

Shingu (1970) Tagging

Yukinawa (1970)

Lucas (1974)

Murphy (1977)

Hearn (1979)

Kirkwood (1983) LF

Kirkwood (1983) Tagging

Kirkwood (1983) LF & Tagging

Thorogood (1987)

Fournier et al. (1990)

Hampton (1991)

Itoh and Tsuji (1996)

Rees et al. (1996)

Gunn et al. (2008)

Everson et al. (2004)

Polacheck et al. (2004) 1960s




Eveson (2011) 1990s

Eveson (2011) 2000s

Figure 4S Estimated growth curves for albacore tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the cited publication are indicated by “*”.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 3 6 9 12 15

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Yang (1970)

Beardsley (1971)

Bard (1974)

Bard & Compeán-Jimenez (1980)

González-Garcés & Fariňa-Perez (1983)

Fernandez (1992) Vertebrae

Fernandez (1992) Spines

Ortiz de Zarate et al. (1994)

Ortiz de Zarate & Parrack (1996)

Ortiz de Zarate & Restrepo (2001)

Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005) Spines

Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005) Spines, males

Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005) Spines, females

Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005) Spines-Tagging

Santiago & Arrizabalaga (2005) LF

Ortiz de Zarate et al. (2005) (*)

Lee & Yeh (2007, reviewed data)

Boyd (2010)

Ortiz de Zárate & Babcock (2015)

Figure 5S Estimated growth curves for albacore tuna from the Mediterranean Sea. Those instances where von Bertalanffy equation values were calculated from mean length-at-age data from the cited publication are indicated by “*”.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 3 6 9 12 15

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Arena et al. (1980) (*)

Megalofonou (1990) (*)

Megalofonou (2000)

Megalofonou (2000) Males

Megalofonou (2000) Females

Megalofonou et al. (2003)

Quelle et al. (2011) (*)

Quelle et al. (2011) (*) Males

Quelle et al. (2011) (*) Females

Karakulak et al. (2011)

Karakulak et al. (2011) Males

Karakulak et al. (2011) Females

Figure 6S Estimated growth curves for albacore tuna from the Pacific Ocean.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 3 6 9 12 15

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Clemens (1961)

Yabuta & Yukinawa (1963)

Laurs & Wetherall (1981)

Murray & Bailey (1989)

Hampton et al. (1990)

Labelle et al. (1993) Length frequency

Labelle et al. (1993) Vertebrae

Farley & Clear (2008) Otoliths

Farley & Clear (2008) Spines

Williams et al. (2012)

Williams et al. (2012) Females

Williams et al. (2012) Males

Chen et al. (2012) Males

Wells et al. (2013)

Xu et al. (2016)

Figure 7S Estimated growth curves for albacore tuna from the Indian Ocean.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 3 6 9 12 15

Fork

len

gth

(cm

)

Age (years)

Huang et al. (1990)

Hsu (1991)

Lee & Liu (1992)

Chang et al. (1993)

Cheng et al. (2012)

Figure 8S Estimated growth curves for yellowfin tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. In those instances where “t” in VB equation is in months are indicated by “*”. When K, and L∞ were estimated from the parameters by Gascuel et al. (1992) are indicated by “'”.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Fonteneau (1980) (*)

Gascuel et al. (1992) (')

LeGuen & Sakagawa (1973) (*)

Bard (1984)

Bard et al. (1991)

Lessa & Duarte-Neto (2004)

Miyabe (1984)

Gaertner & Pagavino (1991)



Shuford et al. (2007)

Driggers et al. (1999)

Yang et al. (1969)

Draganic & Pelzcarski (1984)

Figure 9S Estimated growth curves for yellowfin tuna from the Eastern (upper panel), and Western and Central Pacific (lower panel). Those instances where age and length data were taken from Table 7 of Wild (1986) are indicated by (*).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Wild 1986 Males (*)

Wild 1986 Females (*)

Zhu et al., 2011

Hennemuth, 1961

Davidoff, 1963

Diaz, 1963

Diaz, 1963

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Su et al., 2003

Lehodey and Leroy, 1999

Lehodey and Leroy, 1999 VB mod Both

Lehodey and Leroy, 1999 VB mod Females

Lehodey and Leroy, 1999 VB mod Males

Uchiyama and Struhsaker (1981)

Yabuta et al., 1960

Moore, 1951

Huang et al., 1973

Hampton, 2000

Yabuta and Yukinawa, 1957

Yabuta and Yukinawa, 1959

Yang et al., 1969

Wankowaski, 1981

Figure 10S Estimated growth curves for yellowfin tuna from the Indian Ocean. Those instances where age 1 and 2 fork length values were taken from Figure 4b in Lumineau (2002) are indicated by (*).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 2 4 6 8 10

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Stéquert et al. (1996)

Viera, 2005

Lumineau 2002 (*)

Lumineau 2002

Mohan and Kunhikoya 1985

Marsac 1991

Romanov and Korotkova, 1988 Males

Romanov and Korotkova, 1988 Females

Yesaki 1991

Dortel et al., 2015

Eveson et al., 2015

Huang et al., 1973

Shih et al., 2014 Both

Shih et al., 2014 Females

Shih et al., 2014 Males

Figure 11S Estimated growth curves for bigeye tuna from the Atlantic Ocean.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Champagnat & Pianet (1974)

Marcille et al. (1978)

Weber (1980)

Gaikov et al. (1980)

Pelczarski (1982)

Pereira (1984)

Cayre & Diouf (1984)

Draganik and Pelczarski (1984)

Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986) Both

Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986) Female

Delgado de Molina & Santana (1986) Male

Fagundes et al. (2001)

Alves et al. (2002) Both

Alves et al. (2002) Female

Alves et al. (2002) Male

Hallier et al. (2005)

Zhu et al. (2009a)

Duarte-Neto et al. (2012)

Figure 12S Estimated growth curves for bigeye tuna from the Eastern Pacific (upper panel) and Western and Central Pacific (lower panel).

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Shomura & Keala (1963) Female

Shomura & Keala (1963) Male

Kume & Joseph (1966)

Schaefer & Fuller (2006) Otoliths Both

Schaefer & Fuller (2006) Otoliths Female

Schaefer & Fuller (2006) Otoliths Male

Schaefer & Fuller (2006) Tagging

Zhu et al. (2009) Both

Zhu et al. (2009b) Female

Zhu et al. (2009b) Male

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Yukinawa & Yabuta (1963)

Suda & Kume (1967)

Hampton et al. (1998)

Lehodey et al. (1999)

Kikkawa & Cushing (2001) Lowest growth

Kikkawa & Cushing (2001) Highestgrowth

Sun et al. (2001)

Farley et al. (2006)

Nicol et al. (2011)

Figure 13S Estimated growth curves for bigeye tuna from the Indian Ocean.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Tankevich (1982) Both

Tankevich (1982) Female

Tankevich (1982) Male

Stéquert and Conand (2004)

Farley et al (2006)

Eveson (2008)

Eveson et al (2012)

Eveson et al (2015)

Figure 14S Estimated growth curves for skipjack tuna from the Atlantic Ocean.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Bard & Antoine (1986)

Bard & Antoine (1986)

Cayré et al. (1986) Total

Cayré et al. (1986) Senegal

Cayré et al. (1986) Cape Vert

Vilela & Castelo (1991) Both

Vilela & Castelo (1991) Females

Vilela & Castelo (1991) Males

Pagavino (1998)

Batts (1972) Both

Batts (1972) Females

Batts (1972) Males

Pagavino & Gaertner (1995)

Hallier & Gaertner (2006)

Gaertner et al. (2008) North 10ºN

Gaertner et al. (2008) South 10ºN

Chur & Zharov (1983)

Andrade et al (1984)

Andrade et al (1984)

Figure 15S Estimated growth curves for skipjack tuna from the Eastern Pacific (upper panel) and Western and Central Pacific (lower panel).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Joseph & Calkins (1969)



Sibert et al. (1983)

Josse et al. (1979)

Bayliff (1988) ungrouped

Bayliff (1988) grouped

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Brock (1954) in Joseph & Calkins 1969 (*)

Uchiyama & Struhsaker (1981)

Wankowski (1981)

Sibert et al. (1983)

Josse et al. (1979)

Brouard et al. (1984)

Tanabe et al. (2003)

Yao (1981) in Wild & Hampton (1994)

Chi & Yang (1973) in Wild & Hampton (1994)

Skilman (1981)

Kawasaki (1963) in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)

Rothschild (1966) corrected, in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)

Rothschild (1966) uncorrected, in Joseph & Calkins (1969) (*)

Schaefer (1961) in Joseph & Calkins 1969 (*)

Wang et al. (2010)

Figure 16S Estimated growth curves for skipjack tuna from the Indian Ocean.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8

Fork

leng

th (c

m)

Age (years)

Marcille & Stequert (1976)

Marcille & Stéquert (1976)

Adam (1999)

Hafiz (1985)

Hafiz (1987)

Amarasiri & Joseph (1987)

Sivasubramanium (1985)

Mohan & Kunhikoya (1985)

Romanov (1995)

Hillary et al. (2008)

Gaertner (2008)

Eveson & Million (2008)

Eveson et al. (2015)

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