static-content.springer.com10.1007/s110… · Web viewDigit and Word Span Tests (short & long...

Table S1. Neuropsychological Tests in the Arab World

Instrument Domain Countrya Study reference Nb (M:F) Age range or M ± SDb

Edu. range or M ± SDb

Available info. on adaptation b

Means & SDs provided?

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)

Multi-domain cognitive screen

OMN Shelley et al., 2007 NA NA NA T, AD For 6 FTD pts.

EGY Allam et al., 2013 45, 32:13 65 – 79 8 – 16 T, V Yes

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)


SAU Al Salman, 2013 Lit.=127

Illit.=265

50 – 85

50 – 80

Mdn=12

NA

T, BT, R, V, N Mdn’s, IQR’s, & cutoffs

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NA NA

EGY Zawilla et al. 2014 51, NP 20 – 57 14 ± 2.8 T, BT, R Yes

EGY El-Serafy, 2015 10, 6:4 59.55 ± 5.25 ≥ reads & writes

Al-Salman’s ver. Yes

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III)


EGY Qassem et al., 2015 139,

54.7% M

20 – 93 Basic, scnd., & uni.

T, BT, AD, N % ile’s

Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog)

Global cognition measure for AD

TUN Ben Jemaa et al., 2008 107, 50:57 50 – 95 0 – 21

(5.9 ± 5.8)

T, AD, R, V Within graphs

Arabic Comprehension Test of Abstract Words

Receptive vocabulary TUN Batnini & Uno, 2015 (Japanese to Arabic modification)

116, NP 7 – 9 3rd gr. T, AD, R † Yes

Arabic Language Test Provides receptive, expressive, & total language quotients

EGY Kotby et al., 1995 (not accessed, cited in the studies below)

NA NA NA AD, N † NA

EGY Kaddah, Shoeib, & Mahmoud, 2010 c 18, 11:7 4:8 – 8 NP Ver. above Yes

EGY Selim et al., 2012 58, 42:16 2 – 8 NP Ver. above NP

EGY Safwat et al., 2013 40, 24:16 82.3 mo. ± 7.5 NP Ver. above NP

EGY El Sady et al., 2013 NA NA NA Ver. above For 61 language





delayed children

EGY Saleh et al., 2015 25, 17:5 5 – 12 NP Ver. above Yes

Arabic Receptive-Expressive Vocabulary Test

Receptive & expressive vocabulary

JOR, PAL

Wiig, & Al-Halees, 2000 750, 386:354 3 – 13:11 Preschl. to elmnt.

AD, R, V, N † Yes

SAU Balilah & Archibald, 2015c (poster) 376, NP 6 – 9 NP NP † NP

Automated Working Memory Assessment (select subtests)

Auditory & visuospatial working memory

EGY & KWT

Alansari & Soliman, 2012c EGY=192

KWT=192

10 ±1.2

10 ± 1

4th gr.

4th gr.

T, BT, AD, R, V Yes

Yes

KWT Soliman, 2014c Moling.=309

Biling. =306

8 – 12

8 – 12

NP

NP

T, R, V

T, R, V

Yes

Yes

SAU Balilah & Archibald, 2015c (poster) 376, NP 6 – 9 NP NP Within graphs

Bateria de Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil (BENCI)

Computerized, multi- domain, neuro-psychological measure

MOR Fasfous et al., 2015 198, 98:100 7 – 11 2, 4, 6 grs. T, BT, AD, R, V, N Yes

Bayley Scale of Infant Development

Cog. & motor function SAU Nester, Sakati, & Greer, 1992 20, NP 10.5±5.63 mo. NA NP † Yes

SAU Al-Saleh et al., 2009 NA NA NA NP † For 106 lead-exposed infants

EGY Kriksey et al., 1994 NA NA NA NP † For 29 low SES/ nutrition infants

Bayley Scale of Infant Development II

Cog. & motor function JOR Al-Razouq, 2006 624, 50% 1– 42 mo. NA T, BT, AD, R, V, N † Yes

EGY Nassar et al., 2011 42, 28:14 4 – 6 mo. NA NP † Yes

SAU Alqahtani & Alaql, 2012 NA NA NA NP † For 168 preterms.

Beery Visual-Motor Visual-motor integration JOR Al-Waqfi, 1998 (cited below) 192, NP 6.5 – 16.5 NAT, AD, R, V, N †

NA





Integration (VMI) Test

JOR Al Ghraibeh & Al-Zahrani, 2013 753, 370:383 12 – 16 7th – 10th Ver. above NP

PAL, ISR

Parush et al., 2000 Rur bdw.=38

Twn bdw=40

6 – 8, 10 – 12

6 – 8, 10 – 12

NP

NP

NP †

NP †

Yes

Yes

SAU Al-Saleh et al., 2001 533 girls 5.9 – 11.91 1 – 2nd grs. T, BT, AD † Yes

SAU Nedwick et al., 2011 (Eye-Hand Cor. part) 1,854, 1,650:204

5.2 – 8 1st gr. NP † Yes

Beery VMI Test -2nd Ed. Jordanian Modification

Visual-motor integration (18 items)

JOR Al-Razouq, 2014 722,

368:353

2 – 7 Pre K & KG T, BT, AD, R, V, N † Yes

Beery-VMI Test 4th Ed. Visual-motor integration PAL Josman, Abdallah, & Engel-Yeger, 2006 125, 53:45 NP KG to 2nd gr. T, BT † Yes

Beery-VMI Test 5th Ed.- Test Visual Perception

Visual perceptual matching skills subtest

EGY Tahan, Cline, Messaoud-Galusi, 2011 150 Bi-ling., 79:71

70 ± 4 mo. Senior KG NP † Yes

Behavioral Assessment & Research System (BARS)

Mutli-domain computer-based neurobehavioral measure

USA, SAU

Ismail, 2008 (conference poster) 30, 27:3 (50% Egyptians)

19 – 69 9 – 24 T, R Yes

SAU Ismail et al., 2012 (conference poster); Ismail et al., 2014

72 M 22.9 ± 5.4 Prim. – uni. Ver. above Yes

EGY Rohlman et al., 2014 20, NP 12–18 Scnd. & uni Ver. above Yes, standardized

Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT)

Visual perception, memory & visuo-construction

Gulf Arab Amir & Bahri, 1994 48 M 25.8 ± 7.4 9.9 ± 3.2 NP NP

UAE Amir & Bahri, 1999 33 M 23 – 45 NP NP Yes

UAE Amir, 2001 (1989 translation) 260, 124:136 15 – 44 ~12 ± 3 T, R, N Yes

EGY Farahat et al., 2003 50 M 42.48 ± 5.54 Scnd. & uni. NP Means ± SEM

EGY Abdul-Kawi, 2004 200, 100:100 20.43 ± 1.58 Uni. Amir’s version Yes





EGY Kamel, El Kholy, & Hashem, 2004 20, 12:8 35.5 ± 5.45 6.75 ± 1.6 NP Yes

EGY Abdel-Rassoul et al., 2007 80, 47:33 39.88 ±15.29 Scnd. & uni Meleka, 1991 Yes

EGY Ismail et al., 2007 (poster) 50 M 9 – 15

16 – 19

5.87 ± 2.94

8.45 ± 4.56

NP Within graphs

EGY Abdel-Rasoul et al., 2008 50 M 9 – 18 NP NP Yes, adjusted

EGY El-Motayam, El-Safy, & Hussien, 2009 18, NP ~ 50 – 75 NP NP Yes

EGY Shatla et al., 2011 NA NA NA NP For 23 children with epilepsy

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY ElAlfy et al., 2014 60, 30:30 6 – 18 NP NP Yes

EGY Rohlman et al., 2014 20, NP 12 – 18 Scnd. & uni NP Yes, standardized

SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 – > 15 T Yes

SAU Ismail et al., 2012 (conference poster); Ismail et al., 2014

72 M 18 – 40 Prim. – uni. NP Yes

Blessed Dementia Scale Measure of changes in everyday activities, self-care, personality, & interests in the elderly

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1994 30, 22:8 40 – 76 NP NP Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996 37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 NP For the educated controls (n=25)

EGY El-Sayed, Emam, El-Magraby, 2004 NA NA NA NP For 20 pts. with dementia

EGY Hassan & Taha, 2006 10, 6:4 60 – 78 10.25 ± 4.4 NP Yes

Brief Assessment Multi-domain, brief, SAU Nester, 1996 ~10, NP 4 – 9 Preschl. to AD, R, V † For 27 children





Examination cognitive measure elmnt. with SSPE

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R)

Visuospatial learning & memory

EGY Farag et al., 2011 14 M ~ 22 – 53 NP NP Mean ± SEM

EGY Hamdy et al., 2013 10, NP ~ 24 ± 6 ~13.7 ± 2.4 NP Yes

EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 18, NP 18 – 45 NP NP Yes

LBN Zamrini et al., 2014; Abou-Mrad et al., 2015

129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, BT, V, N Yes

Brookdale Cognitive Screening Test


PAL, ISR

Inzelberg et al., 2007 266, 158:108 72.4 ± 5.5 ~ 0 – 12th T, AD, N Yes

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency

Gross & fine motor proficiency skills

UAE Hassan, 2001 194, 96:98 16 – 11 NP T, AD, R, V Yes

PAL, ISR

Parush et al., 2000 Rur bdw.=38

Twn bdw=40

6 – 8, 10 –12

6 – 8, 10 –12

NP

NP

NP †

NP †

Yes

Yes

PAL, ISR

Josman, Abdallah, & Engel-Yeger, 2006 125, 53:45 NP KG to

2nd gr.

T, BT † Yes

Buschke Selective Reminding Test (Rappel libre/Rappel indicé; RL/RI-16)

Auditory-verbal learning & memory

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 18 F 23 – 45 NP NP Yes

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2014 18, 17:1 59 – 79 11.8 ± 2.9 NP Yes

MOR El Moutawakil et al., 2011 (poster) 40, NA NA NA AD, R † NP

MOR Benabdeljlil et al., 2014 (poster) 170, 88:82 18 – 70+ 3 – 11+ T, AD, N Yes

LBN Abou-Mrad et al., 2015 NA NA NA T, BT, AD NA

California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)


TUN Mrabet Khiari et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Krishna, Ali, & Moustafa, 2014 43, 29:14 66.9 ± 5.2 13.2 ± 3.1 NP Yes

California Verbal Learning Auditory-verbal learning EGY Hamdy et al., 2013 10, NP ~ 24 ± 6 ~13.7 ± 2.4 NP Yes





Test–2nd Ed. (CVLT-II) & memory EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 18, NP 18 – 45 NP NP Yes

Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG)


EGY Hussien et al., (2012) and Amer et al., (2014) note that the CAMCOG was translated and validated in Mahmoud’s thesis research (2002), which we were unable to access.

NA NA NA NA

EGY EL-Sayed, Emam, El-Magraby, 2004 NA NA NA NP For 20 pts. with dementia

EGY Hassan & Taha, 2006 10, 6:4 60 – 78 10.25 ± 4.4 NP Yes

EGY Abdel Rahman & El Gaafary, 2009 90, NP 60 – 83 ~ ≥12 NP NP

EGY Abdel Rahman et al., 2011 150, 70:80 66.4 ± 5.6 13.8 ± 3.0 NP NP

EGY Hussien et al., 2012 NA NA NA Mahmoud’s (2002) ver.

For 100 elderly with psychosis

EGY Sadek et al., 2012; El-Ghonemy et al., 2013 (poster); Radwan et al., 2014

50, 19:31 71.99 ± 2.2 Illit. to uni. Mahmoud’s (2002) ver.

Yes

EGY Amer, Abdel Rahman et al., 2014 NA NA NA Mahmoud’s (2002) ver.

For 100 diabetic elderly

Children’s Color Trails Test (CCTT)

Psychomotor speed & flexibility

MOR Fasfous et al., 2013 154, 76:78 7, 9, 11 y 2nd, 4th, 6th grs. T, N † Yes

Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)

Interview & screening questions with global rating & staging of dementia

SAU Ogunniyi et al., 1998 NA NA NA NP † Scores provided

SAU Sallam & Amr, 2012 NA NA NA R, V † Scores provided

SAU Sallam & Amr, 2013 30, NP ~55 – 79 NP NP † Scores provided

SAU Amr et al., 2014 NA NA NA NP † Scores provided

OMN Shelley et al., 2007; Shelley & Al Khabouri, 2007

NA NA NA T † Scores provided

ALG Abada Bendib et al., 2008 (poster) NA NA NA NP † NP





ALG Ramdane & Daoudi-Gueddah, 2011 320, 160:160 55 – 94 NP NP † Scores provided

TUN Attia-Romdhane, Ben Hamouda, Ouenniche et al., 2008

57, 25:32 50 – 59 8.46 ± 6.71 R, V † NA

TUN Ben Hamouda et al., 2008 7, NP ≥ 50 NP R † Scores provided

TUN Rassas et al., 2012 71, NP 69 ± 15.18 NP Ver. above NP

EGY El-Banoby et al., 2008 30, 15:15 71.7 ± 3.6 Illit. to high NP † Scores provided

EGY Khedr et al., 2011 37, 13:24 55 – 81 Illit. to uni. NP † Scores provided

EGY El-Boraie et al., 2011 20, 15:5 57.85 ± 8.41 90% < 10 NP † Scores provided

EGY Moustafa et al., 2012 26, 11:13 66.3 ± 5.18 13.1 ± 1.34 NP † Scores provided

EGY Allam et al., 2013 45, 32:13 65 – 79 8 – 16 T, V † Scores provided

EGY Khedr et al., 2015 25, NP ≥ 60 NP NP † Scores provided

JOR Al-Khateeb et al., 2014 50, 33:17 68.9 ± 7.11 Illit, < 12, &

>12

NP † Scores provided

LBN Chaaya et al., 2015 136, 53:83 65 – 85+ 0 to uni.+ NP † NA

LBN Phung et al., 2015 143, 54:89 > 65 0 to ≥ 6 NP † NA

Clock Drawing Test Screening for cognitive impairment/dementia, & visuo-constructive & executive dysfunction

EGY Farhan, 2006 (doctoral dissertation) 75, ~ 50% 13 – 60 12.8 ± 2.79 T, AD, R, V Yes

EGY Abdelrahman & El Gaafary, 2009 (part of the MoCA)

90, NP 65.7 ± 5.5 Illit. to high T, BT, R, V For 94 pts. with MCI

EGY Amer et al., 2012 30, NP Elderly NP NP Yes

EGY Abdel Rahman, Abdel Guaad, & Mortagy, 2014 (pre-drawn, blank, clock face)

50, NP 65.6 ± 4.95 Educated NP No. of nrml. vs. abnrml. scores

EGY Abdelrahman & El Gaafary, 2014 (part of 284, 135:149 66.19 ± 4.56 Illit, < 12, & T, BT, R, V NP





the SLUMS)

>12

EGY Amer et al., 2015 (letter to the editor) 60, 30:30 > 60 NP NP No. of nrml. vs. abnrml. scores

OMN Shelley & Al Khabouri, 2007 NA NA NA T, AD NP

OMN Shelley et al., 2007 NA NA NA NP For 6 FTD pts.

ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP NP

UAE Fakhry, El Ghonemy, & Salem, 2013 (Freedman’s ver.)

30, 15:15 20 – 40 Middle schl to uni.

NP Yes

SAU Sallam & Amr, 2013 (modified administration)

30, NP ~55 – 79 NP AD Yes

JOR Al-Khateeb et al., 2014 (pre-drawn, blank, clock face)

50, 33:17 68.9 ± 7.11 Illit, < 12, &

>12

NP Yes

IRQ Haza, Sheaheed, & Al-Mahdawi, 2014 NA NA NA NP % impaired for 100 stroke pts.

Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI)


EGY Osman et al., 2005 297 M NP High schl. NP Yes

EGY Khedr, Hamed, et al., 2009 40, NP ~ 40 – 75 ~Illit. to ≥ 8 NP Yes

EGY Shehata et al., 2011 26 (2:4 ratio) 24.9 ± 7.6 12.05 ± 1.6 NP Yes

EGY Metwally & Eid, 2011 20, 14:6 40 – 62 Illit. to ≥ uni. NP Yes, total score

EGY El Tallawy et al., 2012; El Tallawy et al., 2014

NA NA NA T Prevalence rate of dementia

EGY Hassan et al., 2014 10, 5:5 52.5 ± 8.6 NP NP Yes

Color Trails Test (CTT) Psychomotor speed & SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 – > 15 T † Yes





flexibility

EGY A. H. Gad at el., 2012 50, NP ~40 – 55 NP NP † Yes

Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (C-TONI)

Measure of nonverbal reasoning

JOR Gharaibeh, Al-Natour & El-Mneizel, 2006 (Jordanian modification)

688, 347:341 6 – 19 NP AD, R, V, N † Yes

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery – Parts J1-J8

Animal fluency;

Modified 15-item BNT;

MMSE;

Word list memory;

Constructional praxis;

Word list recall;

Word list recognition

Recall of construction;

EGY Elokl et al., 2001 (poster); Elokl, 2002 (thesis); Elokl, 2011 (poster)

Rural= ~394

Urban= ~154

NP Illiterate & literate

T, BT, AD, R, V NP

EGY El-Banoby et al., 2008 (without BNT-15) 30, 15:15 71.7 ± 3.6 Illit. to High NP Yes

EGY Amer, Refaat, et al., 2010 30, 16:14 68 ± 8.7 Illit. to higher ed.

NP Yes

EGY El-Mosly et al., 2012 (without BNT-15) 30, 12:8 61.1 ± 5.2 NP NP For the AD, VaD, & MCI grps.

EGY Alsadany et al., 2013 (without BNT-15) 25, 11:14 72.8 ± 4.1 Illit. to ≥ uni. NP Yes

Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

Sustained attention EGY Aziz et al., 2010 (conf. paper) 25, NP 25.5 ± 3.6 NP NP † NP

EGY Abdel Salam, 2012 (thesis abstract) 40, NP 16 – 65 NA NA † NA

EGY Okasha et al., 2014 30, 15:15 25.77 ± 3.87 13.93 ± 2.6 NP † Yes

EGY Aly et al., 2015 30 (3:1 ratio) 7 – 13 NP NP † Yes

Corsi Block-Tapping Test Visuospatial Span TUN Bellaj et al., 2015 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary T, N † Yes

Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System

Intellectual functioning PAL Natur, 2009 49, 21:28 5 – 7:11 School aged T, BT, AD, R, V Yes

Design fluency (Five-Point Five-dots cognitive SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 (5 mins.) 100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 – > 15 T † Yes





Test) flexibility SAU Khalil, 2010 (3 mins.) 215, 125:90 17 – 59 0 – 21 N † Yes

Digit and Word Span Tests (short & long formats)

Working memory LBY Shebani, van de Vijver, & Poortinga, 2005, 2008

64, 30:34 8, 10 3rd & 5th grs. AD, R Yes

Test de Dénomination Orale d'Images (DO80)

French developed confrontation naming test

MOR El Kadmiri, Zaid, Hamzi, et al., 2014; El Kadmiri, Zaid, Hachem et al., 2014; El Kadmiri, Zaid, Zaid et al., 2014

NA NA NA NP NP

Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging & Dementia (AD8)

Informant rating of cognitive change


129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, BT, AD, V, N Yes

Excluded Letter Fluency Inhibition EGY Soliman, 2010 148 M ~23 – 25 Uni. NP Yes, grouped

Executive Interview 25 (EXIT 25)

Bedside assessment of executive function

EGY Amer, Elawam et al., 2010 (letter to the editor)

50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY Abdel Rahman, Abdel Guaad, & Mortagy, 2014

50, NP 65.6 ± 4.95 Educated NP No. of nrml vs. abnrml scores

Expanded Trail Making Test Psychomotor speed & flexibility

SDN & USA

Stanczak, Stanczak & Awadalla, 2001 77, 33:44 24.84 ± 7.88 13.19 ± 3.43 T, V † Yes, logarithmic

Five-Word Test (E5M) Auditory-verbal learning & memory

TUN Bennys, Mrabet, & Bellaj, 2003 (not accessed; reported in Mrabet Khiari et al., 2008); Mrabet Khiari et al., 2008

76, 52:24 51 – 81 0 – 21 T, AD, V Cut off scores


Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)

Executive function OMN Shelley & Al Khabouri, 2007 NA NA NA T, AD NP

TUN Ben Jemaa et al., 2008 99, 51:48 50 – 95 0 – 21 T, AD, R, V, N Cut off scores

TUN Ben Sassi et al., 2012 NA NA NA NP For 110 PD pts.

TUN Rassas et al., 2012 71, NP 69 ± 15.18 NP Ver. above NP

TUN Trinh et al., 2014 411, 209:202 ~61 ± 11 NP AD Yes







German Test-battery for Attention Performance for Children (KITAP)

Attention functions SYR Sobeh & Spijkers, 2012 143, 71:72 5 – 11 KG & prim. NP Mdn’s, & SDs

SYR Sobeh & Spijkers, 2013 562, 365:197 5 – 12 KG & prim. NP Mdn’s, & SDs

Grooved Pegboard (GPT; Lafayette)

Eye-hand coordination & motor speed

YEM Al Serouri et al., 2000 (2 trials) 142 M 11.4 ± 1.2 4 – 6 grs. T, AD, R † NP

LBN Saddik et al., 2005, 2009 100 M 14 ± 2 7.6 ± 2.5 T † Yes

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB)

Multi-domain neuropsychological battery

EGY El-Sheikh et al., 1987 (Egyptian norms for Arabic & English versions combined)

32, NP 17 – 24 Grad. & undergrad.

T, AD, R, V Yes

Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT)


TUN Dellagi et al., 2009 103, NP 17 – 45 1 – 20 AD † In graphs

TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009 128, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 AD, N † In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2009 NA NA NA Ver. above NP

Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities – Third Edition

Measure of children’s spoken and written linguistic skills

EGY Kaddah, Shoeib, & Mahmoud, 2010 note that the test was Arabized in El-Sady, 1996 unpublished master’s thesis

Incidental & Intentional Memory Tests

Short-term/secondary memory, & sensory/iconic memory

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1994 30, 22:8 40 – 76 NP NP Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1995 NA NA NA NP For 57 stroke pts.

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996 37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 NP For the educated controls (n=25)

EGY O. H. Elwan, Hassan, et al., 1996 88, 57:31 40 – 76 ≥ reads & writes

N Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 2003 94, 72:22 40 – 82 Reads & writes to uni.

N Yes

EGY Abdel-Naseer, Elwan, & Mahfouz, 2004 104, 78:26 40 – 82 ~ 8 ± 5 NP NP





EGY Allam et al., 2005 48, 16:32 21 – 84 6 – 20 NP NP

EGY Abdel Fattah et al., 2006 NA NA NA NP For 60 cardiac pts.

Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)

Informant rating of cognitive decline

EGY Khedr, Hamed, et al., 2009 40, NP ~ 40 – 75 ~Illit. to ≥ 8 NP NP

LBN Nielsen et al., 2014 (conference paper) 135, NA > 65 NP V NP

LBN Phung et al., 2015 143, 54:89 > 65 0 to ≥ 6 T, BT, AD, V, N Yes + cutoffs

Isaacs Set Test Alternating, categorical word fluency

EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004 13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated NP Yes


Junior Hayling Sentence Completion Task

Executive function (initiation, inhibition)

TUN Bellaj, 1999 (unpublished doctoral dissertation, cited below)

NA NA NA T, AD NA

TUN Kebir et al., 2008 NA NA NA Tunisian ver. NP

TUN Ouerchefani et al., 2010 13, 4:9 35 ± 12.7 6.4 ± 4.1 Bellaj’s ver. Within graphs

TUN Bellaj et al., 2015 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary Bellaj’s ver, N Yes

Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living

Independence in physical functions of daily living

EGY Amer et al. (2014) note that the Arabic ver. was translated in a study by El-Sherpiny, Mortagy, & Fahy (2000), which we were unable to access

EGY Abou-Raya & Abou-Raya, 2007 (poster) NA NA NA NP NA

EGY Sweed & Elawam, 2010 NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Tawfik et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Khater & Abouelezz, 2011 74, 41:33 69.4 ± 6.4 Illit. to uni NP NP

EGY Khadr & Yount, 2012 (broad survey) NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Amer et al., 2012 30, NP Elderly NP NP NP

EGY Amer, Hamza, et al., 2013; Amer, 30, 15:15 64.3 ± 3.9 Illit. to higher NP NP





Alsadany, et al., 2013 edu.

EGY Amer, Mabrouk et al., 2014 NA NA NA El-Sherpiny’s ver. NP

EGY Amer, Abdel Rahman et al., 2014 NA NA NA El-Sherpiny’s ver. For 100 diabetic elderly

EGY Amer, Khater et al., 2014 25, 14:11 64.8 ± 3.9 Illit. & lit. El-Sherpiny’s ver. Yes

EGY Amer, Farid et al., 2014 30, 15:15 69.07 ± 5.93 NP El-Sherpiny’s ver. NP

LBN Nasser & Doumit, 2009 (nursing home elderly with no dementia)

354, 87:166 60 to > 85 NP T, BT, AD, V Yes

LBN Jawad, Sibai, & Chaaya, 2009 (survey of community dwelling elderly)

NA NA NA NP Composite with Lawton’s

LBN Touma et al., 2011 NA NA NA NP NP

TUN Hammami et al., 2012 (survey) NA NA NA T, V NP

SAU Amr, Amin, & Al-Saeed, 2013 NA NA NA NP For 412 elderly pts.

SAU Amr et al., 2014 NA NA NA NP For 53 pts. with dementia

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) - select subtests

Multi-domain cognitive ability measure

JOR El-Mneizel, 1987 (abstract of unpublished dissertation)

300, NA 6 – 15 NA T, AD, R, V, N NA

EGY F. Z. Elwan, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997 172, 82:90 6.3 – 12.2 1, 3, & 5 grs. T, AD, R, V NP

EGY Mostafa et al., 2014 (memory) 30, 6:24 14 – 23 6 – 16 NP Yes

Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment Procedure

Neuropsychological screener

EGY El-Tallawy et al., 2003 (unpublished thesis cited below)

NA NA NA T, R, V NA

EGY Ahmed et al., 2007 40, NP ~ 61 ± 1 NP Ver. above Yes





Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

Functional independence EGY Amer, Mabrouk et al. (2014) note that the Lawton scale was translated in World Health Organization publication no. 84 (Fillenbaum, 1986), which we were unable to access

EGY Farrag et al., 1998 NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Hussein et al. (2012) note that the Lawton scale was translated & validated in Elokl thesis research (2002), which we were unable to access

EGY Tawfik et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP NP

EGY Khater & Abouelezz, 2011 74, 41:33 69.4 ± 6.4 Illit. to uni NP NP

EGY Hussien et al., 2012 NA NA NA Elkol’s ver. For 100 elderly with psychosis

EGY Amer et al., 2012 30, NP Elderly NP NP NP

EGY Amer, Hamza, et al., 2013; Amer, Alsadany, et al., 2013

30, 15:15 64.3 ± 3.9 Illit. to higher edu

NP NP

EGY Amer, Khater et al., 2014 25, 14:11 64.8 ± 3.9 Illit. & lit. WHO’s ver. Yes

EGY Amer, Mabrouk et al., 2014 NA NA NA WHO’s ver. NP

EGY Amer, Farid et al., 2014 30, 15:15 69.07 ± 5.93 NP WHO’s ver. NP

EGY Amer, Abdel Rahman et al., 2014 NA NA NA NP For 100 diabetic elderly

EGY El Tallawy et al., 2014 NP NA NA NA NP

EGY Khedr et al., 2015 NA NA NA NP For 40 pts. with dementia

TUN Attia-Romdhane, Ben Hamouda, Ben Youssef, et al., 2008; translated from English to French for Tunisian population

43, 20:23 50 – 95 8.5 ± 6 T, R, V, N Cut offs





LBN Jawad, Sibai, & Chaaya, 2009 (survey of community dwelling elderly)

NA NA NA NP Composite with Katz’

LBN Touma et al., 2011 NA NA NA NP NP

MOR Fadili et al. (2014) note that the Lawton scale was validated in Benabdeljlil et al. (2012) study which poster we accessed but did not mention the scale

MOR Fadili et al., 2014 NA NA NA Ver. above For 108 pts. on hemodialysis

SAU Amr, Amin, & Al-Saeed, 2013 NA NA NA NP For 412 elderly pts.


Lebanese Linguistic Naming Task

An adaptation of the Cross-linguistic Naming Task


129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, BT, V, N Yes

Leeds Psychomotor Tester Choice reaction time & critical flicker fusion threshold

IRQ Adam & Rmaih, 2008 NA NA NA NP Yes

IRQ Ashor, 2011 NA NA NA NP Yes

IRQ Al-Kuraishy, Al-Gareeb, & Ashor, 2012 NA NA NA NP Yes

Letter Cancellation (different versions)

Attention SYR Geldmacher & Alhaj, 1999 128, 103:25 55.5 ± 8.6 5.9 ± 3.3 T, AD † Yes

EGY Farahat et al., 2003 50 M 42.48 ± 5.54 Scnd. & uni. NP Means ± SEM


Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB)

Multi-domain neuropsychological battery

EGY El-Sheikh et al., 1987 (we only report the Arabic ver.)

24, NP 17 – 24 Grad. & undergrad.

T, AD, R, N Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996 (visual orientation scale)

37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 NP NP

EGY Qassem et al., 2004 (thesis abstract) 15, NP NP NP NP NP





EGY Al Sheikh, 2006 (Poster) 5, NP 16 ± NP NP NP NP

EGY Amin, 2013 (language & speech scales; conference presentation)

15, NP NP NP NP NP

EGY Abdulghani et al., 2015 NA NA NA NP NP

Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS)


EGY EL-Sayed, Emam, El-Magraby, 2004 NA NA NA NP For 20 pts. with dementia

EGY Amer, Abdel Rahman et al., 2014 NA NA NA NP No. of below avg, scores

EGY Amer et al., 2015 (letter to the editor) 60, 30:30 > 60 NP NP


MOR Benabdeljlil et al., 2014 (poster) 192, 96:96 18 – 70+ 3 – 11+ T, AD, N Yes

Memory & Executive Screening test (MES)

Brief cognitive measure for the detection of MCI

EGY Khedr et al., 2015 25, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)

Cognitive screen

(Here, we report only articles that described, at least, translating the MMSE. Refer to the method section.)

SAU Al-Rajeh et al., 1999 33, 27:6 Lit.= 39.4±NP

Illit.= 58 ± NP

< 6 & > 6 T, BT, AD, V Yes

USA Folstein, Folstein, & Fanjiang, 2001 (commercially available translation)

NA NA NA T NA

EGY Abdelrahman & El Gaafary (2014) & Amer et al., (2014) note that the MMSE was translated & validated in Elokl thesis research (2002), which we were unable to access

MOR Benabdeljlil et al. (2014; poster) refer to a Moroccan version of the MMSE by El Alaoui Faris et al., 2003, which we were unable to access.

MOR Fadili et al. (2014) note that the MMSE was validated in Benabdeljlil’s et al. (2012) study which poster did





not describe a validation of the scale

OMN Shelley et al., 2007 NA NA NA T, AD For 6 FTD pts.

PAL, ISR

Inzelberg et al., 2007 266, 158:108 72.4 ± 5.5 ~0 – 12 T, AD, N Yes

TUN Bellaj et al., 2008 73, 30:43 50 – 95 0 – 21 T, BT, AD, R, V, N Yes

TUN Chatti, Lammouchi, & Ben Ammou, 2009 467, 56% M 50 – 97 45 % illit. T, AD, N Means & Mdn

JOR Al-Khateeb et al., 2014 50, 33:17 68.9 ± 7.11 Illit, <12, &

> 12

T, AD Yes

Modified MMSE (3MS) Cognitive Screen EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP No

EGY M. E. Elwan et al., 2014 20, NP 43 – 66 NP NP Yes


129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, BT, AD, V, N Yes

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Cognitive Screen EGY Abdel Rahman & El Gaafary, 2009 90, NP 60 – 83 ~ ≥12 T, AD, R, V NP

EGY Tawfik et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP For 507 elderly with MCI

EGY Khater & Abouelezz, 2011 58, NA ~ 70 Illit. to uni Abdel Rahman & El

Gaafary’s ver.For healthy & well

nourished indivs.

TUN Trinh et al., 2014 411, 209:202 ~61 ± 11 NP AD Yes

TUN Ouanes et al., 2014 (conf. poster) NA NA NA T For 77 nursing home residents


129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, BT, AD, V, N Yes

LBN Darwish et al., 2015e 254, 79: 175 30 to ≥ 60 67% ≥ 12 R † Yes





SAU Alqahtani, 2015 39, 30:9 26 ± 4.2 NP Abdel Rahman & El

Gaafary’s ver.Yes

Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT)

Visual perception PAL, ISR

Josman, Abdallah, & Engel-Yeger, 2006 (the revised ver.)

125, 53:45 NP KG to 2nd gr. T, BT † Yes

EGY Hamdy et al., 2008 NA NA NA NP For 58 children with epilepsy

N-back computerized task Working memory IRQ Ashor, 2011 31, 12:19 21 – 23 Med. stud. NP Yes

IRQ Al-Kuraishy, Al-Gareeb, & Ashor, 2012 36, 19:17 21 – 23 Med. stud. NP Yes

EGY El-Kholy et al., 2012 25, 10:15 21 – 37 6 – 12+ NP Yes

EGY Moustafa et al., 2014 (poster) NP NP NP NP NP


EGY Frydecka et al., 2014 18, 6:12 44.34 ± 6.99 11.94 ± 2.88 NP NP

Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q)

Brief informant rating of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia

OMN Shelley et al., 2007, Shelley & Al Khabouri, 2007

NA NA NA T, AD † NP


Number Connection Test Motor speed EGY Abdel-Hady et al., 2007 NA NA NA NP For 35 pts. with hepatic encephal.

EGY Y. Z. Gad et al., 2011c 67, NP < 30 – 60 NA Egyptian ver. Yes

EGY Ziada et al., 2013 20, NP NP NP NP NP

TUN Ennaifer et al., 2013 NA NA NA NA NP

Otis-Lennon Mental ability Group Intelligence Test KWT Elkorashy, 1995, 1997 344, 140:194 14 – 23 Scnd. to uni. T, AD, R, V Yes





Test (AR. modification)d 400, 174:226 15 – 23

OMN Al-Shukri, 2002 (not accessed; cited below) 726, 373:353 7 – 10 Grs. 2 – 4th T, AD, R, V, N Yes

OMN Kazem et al., 2007 372, 191:181 5 – 11 Elementary Al-Shukri’s ver. NP

SYR Qassab, 2014 (8th ed.) 280, 166:114 14 – 17 Grs. 9 – 11th T, AD, R, V NP

Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)

Auditory working memory, divided attention, & processing speed (different versions)

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1994 30, 22:8 40 – 76 NP NP † Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1995 NA NA NA NP † For 57 stroke pts.

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996 37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 NP † For the educated controls (n=25)


N † Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1997 174, 129:45 20 – 76 0 to >12 N † Yes


NP † Yes

EGY Farahat et al., 2003 50 M 42.48 ± 5.54 Scnd.& uni. NP † Means ± SEM


EGY El-Ghoneimy et al., 2009 (3” ver.) NA NA NA NP † For 30 pts. with MS

EGY Hamdy et al., 2013 10, NP ~ 24 ± 6 ~13.7 ± 2.4 NP † Yes

EGY Mostafa et al., 2014 30, 6:24 14 – 23 6 – 16 NP † Yes

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP † NP

EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 18, NP 18 – 45 NP NP † Yes

LBN Yamout et al., 2010 (2” ver.) NA NA NA NP † For 7 MS pts.





TUN Ben Aljia et al., 2015 (2” ver.; conf. poster)

NA NA NA Not yet standardized NP

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Receptive vocabulary JOR Khammash & Dun, 1985 (not accessed; cited below)

1400, 700:700

5 – 9 + K – 3rd gr. AD, R, V, N † Norms provided in manual

OMN Khammash, 1995 1600, 780:820

5 – 12:11 K – 4th gr. AD, R, V, N † In manual

PAL, ISR

Aram, Korat, & Hassunah-Arafat, 2013 (1st 40 items)

88, 38:50 60 – 80 mo. KG AD, R † Ms & SD of % correct

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Revised (PPVT-R)

Receptive vocabulary KWT Abu-Allam & Hady, 1998 (not accessed; cited below)

NA NA NA Validated NA

SAU Crozier & Badawood, 2009 108, 50:58 52 – 71 mo. Pre-schl. Abu Allam & Hady’s ver.

For shy & not shy preschoolers


70 ± 4 mo. Senior KG Abu Allam & Hady’s ver.

Yes

Pictorial Intelligence Test (French, 1964)

General intelligence EGY Salih, 1978 (not accessed; cited below) NA NA NA AD, R, V, N † NA

EGY Mohamed, 1994 93, 48:45 15 – 16 NP Salih’s ver. NP

EGY Elbeheri & Everatt, 2007 252, 142:110 9:3 – 11:6 4 – 5th grs. Salih’s ver. Yes

Pictorial Memory Task Visual recognition memory (black & white photos.)

YEM Al Serouri et al., 2000 (2 trials) 142 M 11.4 ±1.2 4 – 6th grs. C, D † Yes

Purdue Pegboard Eye-hand coordination & motor speed

EGY Khedr, Abdel-Fadeil, et al., 2009 NA NA NA NP † For 36 stroke pts.

EGY Khadr & Yount, 2012 (broad health survey)

NA NA NA NP † Composite with other measures

SAU Yasser, Hayam, Waleed, 2012 NA NA NA NP † For 30 stroke pts.





Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT)

Processing speed, working memory, & set shifting

JOR Wig & Al-Halees, 2013 90, 66:24 40 – 80 0 – 22 AD, N † Yes

Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (R-CPM) d

Nonverbal intelligence, abstract reasoning

SYR Guthke & Al-Zoubi, 1987 (abstract; reported in Lynn & Vanhanen, 2012)

241, NA 6.5 – 8 NA NA † NA

SYR Ezz, 2011 (unpublished; reported in Sobeh & Spijkers 2012)

NA NA NA N † NA

SYR Sobeh & Spijkers, 2012 62, 31:31 5 – 6 KG & prim. Ezz’ ver. † M IQ in %ile

SYR Sobeh & Spijkers, 2013 123, 63:60 5 – 6 KG & prim. Ezz’ ver. † Mdn’s, & SDs

KWT Elkorashy, 1987, 1988 (not accessed; reported in Abdel-Khalek, 2005, Al Atwiy, 2006)

2,000, 50% 6 – 10:6 NA R, V, N † NA

YEM Al-Ani, 1995 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa & Lynn, 2008a)

986, 672:314 6 – 11 Primary R, N † Yes

YEM Al-Heeti et al., 1997 (not accessed, cited in Kazem et al., & 2007 Khaleefa & Lynn, 2008a)

1,000, NA 6 – 11 Primary R, V, N † NA

UAE Jalahima, 1999 (not accessed; reported in Al Atwiy, 2006 & Awamleh et al., 2013)

5,403, 2,619:2,784

NA Primary R, V, N † NA

UAE Eid, 1999 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa & Lynn, 2008d)

4,496, NA 6 – 11.6 NA N † Yes

SDN Khatib, Mutwakkil, & Hussain, 2006 (not accessed; reported in Bakhiet, 2008 & Lynn & Vanhanen, 2012)

1,683 6 – 9 Primary R,V, N † NA

OMN Kazem et al., 2007 372, 191:181 5 – 11 Jr. basic R, V, N † Yes

OMN Kazem et al., 2008 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa, Al-Kudri, & Lynn, 2012)

1,042, 534:508

5 – 11 Prim. & Middle schl.

R, V, N † Yes

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 18, F 23 – 45 44% > 12 Kazem’s ver. † Yes





55% < 12

OMN Al-Sharbati et al., 2011 NA NA NA Kazem’s ver. † For 221 children with ADHD

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2014 18, 17:1 59 – 79 11.8 ± 2.9 NP † Yes

LBY Lynn, Abdalla, & Al-Shahomee, 2008 600, 299:301 6 – 11.6 1 – 6th gr. N † Yes

EGY Mohamed, Elbert, Landerl, 2011 111, NP ~ 5 – 9 1 – 3rd grs. NP † Yes

EGY Ali, 2014 (not accessed; reported in Bakhiet & Lynn, 2014b)

11,284, NA 5.6 – 10.5 NA R, V, N † NA

IRQ Ghazi et al., 2012c 529, 276:253 7 – 8 NP NP † Distribution of low & high IQ

IRQ Flamerz, Hatem, & Kursheed, 2013 NA NA NA NP † For 29 tumor pts.

PAL Hammad, 2012 (not accessed; reported in Bakhiet & Lynn, 2014e)

257, 133:124 6 – 11.5 NA N † NA

TUN Batnini & Uno, 2015 116, NP 7 – 9 3rd gr. R † Yes

Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (R-APM) d

Nonverbal intelligence, abstract reasoningD

JOR Elyan & Al-Samadi, 1988 (not accessed, reported in Lynn & Abdel-Khalek, 2009, & Al Atwiy, 2006)

2542, 1,300:1424

11 – 40 NP R, V, N † Yes

IRQ Abdul Fattah & Al-Salman, 1989 (not accessed; reported in Ibrahim et al., 2013)

489, NA NA University R, V, N † Yes

SAU Alnifaie, 2001 (unpublished master’s thesis summarized in Ibrahim et al., 2013)

2,733, NA NA 7th – 12th grs. R, V, N † Yes

BHR Khaleefa & Al Gharaibeh, 2002 (reported in Lynn & Vanhanen, 2012; not accessed)

100, NA 12 – 29 NA N † NA

OMN Al-Harthi, 2004 (unpublished master’s 801, NA NA College R, V, N † NA





thesis summarized in Ibrahim et al., 2013)

OMN Ibrahim et al., 2013 (data also reported in Bakhiet & Lynn, 2014d)

2,467, 1,199:1,268

17.3 ± 1.01 11th – 12th grs.

AD, R, V, N † Yes

EGY Abdel-Khalek, Nour-Eddin, & Lynn, 2015 2,147, 586:1561

M= 20.5 College NP † Yes

Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (R-SPM) d

Nonverbal intelligence, abstract reasoningD

IRQ Abul-Hubb, 1972 (not accessed; cited in Lynn & Vanhanen, 2012)

1,389, NA 14, 17, 18, 35 NA NA † NA

IRQ Al-Dabbagh, 1976, 1983 (not accessed; cited in Al Atwiy, 2006)

7135, NA 11 – 60 NA NA † NA

JOR Safadi, 1973 (unpublished thesis reported in Bakhiet & Lynn, 2014a)

960, NA 8 – 14 NA R, V, N † Yes

JOR Al-Majali, 2005 (unpublished thesis reported in Bakhiet & Lynn, 2014c)

1,045, 473:573

12 – 17 NA R, V, N † Yes

SAU Abu-Hatab, 1977 (means 8 – 15, & 8 – 24 are reported in Batterjee et al., 2013, & Abdel-Khalek & Lynn, 2010a)

4,932, 3158:1774

8 – 30+ Prim. to postgraduate

R, V, N † Yes

SAU Al Atwiy, 2006 (master’s thesis; Tabuk) 1339, 695:644

16 – 18 10 – 12th grs. Abu-Hatab’s ver. R, V, N †

M IQ in %ile

SAU Batterjee et al., 2013 (Mecca Providence) 1,553, 636:917

8 – 15:6 NP Abu-Hatab’s ver. † Yes

KWT Abu-Allam, 1981 (unpublished manuscript cited in Bakhiet, 2008)

NA NA NA V, N † NA

KWT Abdelraouf-Awad, 1999 (12 items removed; not accessed; reported in Bakhiet, 2008 and Alnabhan et al., 2014)

388, NA 6 – 18 NA R, V † NA

KWT Abdel-Khalek, 2005; Abdel-Khalek & Lynn, 2006, Abdel-Khalek & Raven, 2006

6,529, 3278:3251

8 – 15 Elmnt. to scnd. AD, R, V, N † Yes





KWT Abdel-Khalek & Lynn, 2008a 4,643, NP 8 – 15 Elmnt. to scnd. Ver. above † Yes

KWT Abdel-Khalek & Raven, 2008 8,410, NP 8 – 17 Elmnt. to scnd. Ver. above, N † M IQ in %ile

KWT Elbeheri1, Everatt, & Al Malki, 2009 NA NA NA Abdul Raoof’s ver. NP

KWT Mahfoudhi et al., 2010 166, 86:88 NP 3 – 6th grs. Abdul Raoof’s ver. Yes

KWT Abdel-Khalek & Mourad, 2015 8,472, NP 7 – 17 NP AD, V, N † Yes

EGY Okasha et al., 1985 77 M NP Undergrad. NP † Yes

EGY Abdel-Khalek, 1988 425, 205:247 ~ 24 ± 2 Undergrad. R, V † Yes

EGY Wachs et al., 1996 NA NA NA NA † For 152 vitamin deficient indivs.

EGY Abdou et al., 2013 30, NP NP NP NP † NP

QTR Bart et al., 1987 273, 122:155 10 – 16 5 – 7th grs. R † Means only

QTR Al-Thany, 2001 (unpublished dissertation reported in Khaleefa & Lynn, 2008b)

1,135, 517:618

6 – 11:6 NA R, V, N † Yes

SDN Ahmed, 1989 146, 74:72 8, 10, 12 2nd, 4th, 6th grs. NP † Yes

SDN Khatib & Al-Mutwakkil, 2001 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa et al., 2008)

6,202, NA 9 – 25 Grade schl. & uni.

NA † NA

SDN Bakhiet, 2008 145, 68:77 8 – 8:11 4th gr. R, V, N † Yes

SDN Irwing et al., 2008 3,185, ~50 % 7 – 11 Primary NA † Yes

SDN Khaleefa et al., 2010 1,006, ~50% 9 – 18 Grade schl. N † Yes

SDN Bakhiet et al., 2015 7,226, 3,810:3,916

6 – 18 Grade schl. N † Yes

OMN Yehia, Ibrahim, Galal, 2003 (not accessed; reported in Abdel-Khalek & Lynn, 2008b

5,139, ~50% 9 – 21 Grade schl. NA † Yes





& Abdel-Khalek & Lynn, 2010b) + 92, 43:49 & college

TUN Ben Rejeb, 2003 (unpublished, summarized in Abdel-Khalek & Raven, 2006 & in Lynn & Al-Shahomee, 2008)

509, NA 20 NA NA † Yes

TUN Bellaj et al., 2015 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary N † Yes

SYR Rahma, 2004 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa & Lynn, 2008c)

3,489, 1,739:1,750

7 – 18 Grade schl. NA † Yes

LBN Sarouphim, 2008 (conference paper) 248, 121:127 ~8 – 10 3 – 5 gr. NP † NP

MOR Sellami et al., 2010 202, 92:110 ~ 27 ± 8 Uni. & no uni. R, N † Yes

LBY Al-Shahomee & Lynn, 2010; Al-Shahomee, Lynn, & El-Ghmary Abdalla, 2013

1,800, 50% 8 – 17 3 – 12th R, V, N † Yes

LBY Al-Shahomee, 2012 600, 300:300 23 – 37 Elmnt. to uni AD, R, V, N † Yes

PAL Abu Ghali & Abu Mostafa, 2014 3,459, 1,678:1,817

8 – 18 2 – 12th gr. R, V, N † Yes

BHR Alnabhan, Alhamdan, & Darwish, 2014 50 M NP 11th gr. Abdelraouf’s ver. NP

ALG Layes et al., 2015 108, 78:53 138.61. mo ± 6.65

4 – 5th grs. NP † Yes

Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)


EGY Abdel Salam, 2012 (thesis abstract; cited below)

40, NP 16 – 65 NA T, AD, R, V NA

EGY Fawzi, Hashim, & Mahmoud, 2012 50, 26:24 36.6 ± 12.93 10.5 ± 3.61 Abdel Salam’s ver. Yes

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)


EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004 13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated NP Yes

EGY Farhan, 2006 (doctoral dissertation) 75, ~ 50% 13 – 60 12.8 ± 2.79 T, AD, R, V Yes

EGY El-Motayam, El-Safy, & Hussien, 2009 18, NP ~ 50 – 75 NP NP Yes

OMN Poreh, Sultan, & Levin, 2012 200, 66% F 18 – 50 0 – 18 T, BT, AD, N Yes





(computerized ver.)

YEM Hoffman & Al’Absi, 2013 (medically healthy tobacco smokers)

52, 25:27 18 – 38 College Locally translated & used ver.

Yes

IRQ Flamerz, Hatem, & Kursheed, 2013 NA NA NA NP For 29 tumor pts.

Rey-Osterrieth

Complex Figure Test (ROCF)

Visuospatial constructional ability & visuospatial memory

EGY Farhan, 2006 (doctoral dissertation) 75, ~ 50% 13 – 60 12.8 ± 2.79 T, AD, R, V † Yes


TUN Batnini & Uno, 2015 116, NP 7 – 9 3rd gr. R † Yes

LBN Darwish et al., 2015e 254,79: 175 30 to ≥ 60 67% ≥12 T, R † Yes

Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS)

Multi-domain, multi-cultural cognitive screen

LBN Nielse et al., 2014 (poster presentation), Chaaya et al., 2015

136, 53:83 65 – 85+ 0 to uni+ T, BT, AD, R, V Yes + Cut off scores

Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) - Examination

Multi-domain, multi-cultural cognitive screen

EGY Abdelrahman & El Gaafary, 2014 284, 135:149 66.19 ± 4.56 Illit, < 12, &

>12

T, BT, R, V NP

Santa Ana Form Board Test Psychomotor coordination EGY Rohlman et al., 2014 20, NP 12 – 18 Scnd. & uni NP Yes, standardized

Signoret's Battery of Cognitive Efficacy (BEC96)

Multi- domain, neuro-psychological measure

MOR Tezitia et al., 2011 400, 58.5% M

20 – 60+ Prim. – high T, AD, N “le score global note ́” (p. A24)

MOR El Kadmiri, Zaid, Hamzi, et al., 2014; El Kadmiri, Zaid, Hachem et al., 2014; El Kadmiri, Zaid, Zaid et al., 2014

NA NA NA NP NP

Spot-the-Word Lexical skill, estimation of verbal intelligence

EGY Soliman, 2010 148 M ~23 – 25 Uni. NP Yes, grouped

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Measure of knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visuospatial processing,

JOR AlKeelani, 1979 (not accessed; cited below)

1,085, 568:499

2 – 18 NA T, AD, V, R, N NA

JOR Elyan, 1994 (ver. NP) 252, 50 % 3 – 9 KG – elmnt. Ver. above Yes





working memory & fluid reasoning

EGY Allam et al., 2005 (ver. NP) 48, 16:32 21 – 84 6 – 20 NP NP

EGY Hamdy et al., 2008 (ver. NP) NA NA NA NP For 58 children with epilepsy

EGY Shehata & Bateh, 2009; Shehata et al., 2009 (SB4)

58, M 30.5 ± 7.6 ~10 ± 5 Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY Shehata, Elsayh, et al., 2010 (SB4) 40, 20:20 10.4 ± 2.4 5.2 ± 2 Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY M. E. Elwan et al., 2011 (SB4) 24, NP 33.4 ± 8.2 NP Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY Hamed et al., 2012 (SB4) 40 F ~46 ± 11 NP Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY Abda et al., 2013 (SB4) NA NA NA Melika, 1998 ver. NP

EGY El Sady et al., 2013 (SB4) NA NA NA NP For 61 language delayed children

EGY Elmagd-Elkhouli, 2014 (Conference paper; SB4)

NA NA NA NA NP

EGY Aly et al., 2014 13, NP 5.9 ± 2.9 NP NP Yes

EGY Shehata & Hassan, 2014 (SB4) 34 F 13.12 ± 0.48 NP Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY Azab & Rhmn, 2014 (SB5) c 40, 28:12 7 – 10 4 – 5th NP Yes

EGY Abd Elmonem et al., 2015 (S4B) 30, NP School aged NA NA NA

EGY Saleh et al., 2015 (SB4) 25, 17:5 5 – 12 NP Melika, 1998 ver. Yes

EGY Saad et al., 2015 (SB4) NA NA NA Melika, 1998 ver. For 34 PKU pts.

SAU, EGY

Hussein, Taha, & Almanasef, 2011 (SB4) NA NA NA Hanoura, 2002 ver. For 48 children with ASD





SAU Alqahtani & Alaql, 2012 NA NA NA Melika, 1998 ver. For 168 preterms.

Stroop Color-Word Test Speed of information processing, inhibition of an overlearned response (different versions)

TUN Bellaj, Bouaziz, M., & Bouaziz, 1995 (Golden, 1978 ver.; not accessed; cited in Bellaj et al., 2015)

NA NA NA T † NA

TUN Bouaziz et al., 1995 (Bohnen’s 1992 ver.; not accessed; cited below)

NA NA NA T, AD † NA

TUN Ouerchefani et al., 2010 13, 4:9 35 ± 12.7 6.4 ± 4.1 Bouaziz’s ver. Within graphs

TUN Jarraya et al., 2013, Jarraya et al., 2014a, 2014b (Golden, 2001 ver.)

NA NA NA NP † For 12 athletes

TUN Bellaj et al., 2015 (Golden, 1978 ver.) 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary N † (Bellaj’s ver.) Yes

KWT Alansari, 2004c (Golden, 1978 ver.) 253, 75:178 18 – 22 Undergrad. T † Yes, grouped

KWT Alansari & Baroun, 2004c (10 columns) 140, 60:80 21.20 ± 2.67 College T † Yes

EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004 (Golden, 1978 ver.)

13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated NP † Yes

EGY Farhan, 2006 (doctoral dissertation; original ver. with modifications.)

75, ~ 50% 13 – 60 12.8 ± 2.79 T, R, V † Yes

EGY Soliman, 2010 (Dodrill, 1978 computerized ver.)

148 M ~23 – 25 Uni NP † Yes, grouped (conditions’ ratio)

EGY Krishna, Ali, & Moustafa, 2014 (Stroop, 1935 ver.)

43, 29:14 66.9 ± 5.2 13.2 ± 3.1 NP † For errors

EGY Aly et al., 2015 (Psychology Experiment Building Language computerized ver.)

30, (3:1 ratio) 7 – 13 NP NP † Yes

BHR al Mannai, 2006 (doctoral thesis; Everatt, 1997 ver.)

171, 84:87 NP Grs. 1 – 3 T, R † Yes

OMN Shelley et al., 2007, Shelley & Al NA NA NA T, AD † NP





Khabouri, 2007 (Stroop, 1953)

SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 (a modified ver.)

100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 to > 15 T † Yes

SAU Al-Ghatani, Obonsawin, & Al Moutaery, 2010 (Golden, 1978 ver.)

10, 5:5 24 – 44 16 – 20 T, AD † Yes

SAU Al-Ghatani et al., 2011 (ver. above) 198, 99:99 16 – 65 Prim. – 19+ T, N † Yes

SAU Abdelgafar & Moawad, 2015c (modified color naming)

Moling.= 25

Biling. = 25

7 – 10 NP NP † NP

ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 (unspecified ver.) NA NA NA NP † NP

Stroop Task - Numbers Speed of information processing & inhibition

UAE Bahri & Bendania, 1997 (traditional & number modified ver.)

40 F 20 – 24 Undergrad. NP † Yes, grouped

Stroop Task - Black & white Circles

Speed of information processing & inhibition

YEM Al Serouri et al., 2000 142 M 11.4 ± 1.2 4 – 6th grs. AD, R † NP

Stroop Emotional Task- Computerized AR ver.

Speed of information processing & inhibition

UAE Thomas et al., 2010 261 F 19.97 ± 2.45 Undergrad. T, BT Yes

Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)

Psychomotor speed SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 – > 15 T † Yes


EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 18, NP 18 – 45 NP NP † Yes

LBN, SYR

Yamout et al., 2013 NA NA NA NP † For 201 MS pts.

LBN Darwish et al., 2015e 254,79: 175 30 to ≥ 60 67% ≥ 12 T † Yes

TUN Ben Aljia et al., 2015 NA NA NA Not standardized NP

Symbol-Symbol Verbal Test Paired associate learning, processing speed

YEM Al Serouri et al., 2000 142 M 11.4 ± 1.2 4 – 6th grs. AD † NP





Test of Memory & Learning (TOMAL)

Memory for stories & paired recall subtests

KWT Soliman, 2014c Moling.=309

Biling. =306

8 – 12

8 – 12

gr. NP

gr. NP

T, R

T, R

Yes

Yes

Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI)

Nonverbal intelligence, abstract reasoning (both individual & group administrations are reported)

UAE Albaili & Abu-Hilal, 1993 (1st Ed.) 1,059, 471:558

5 – 24 KG – uni. R, V, N † Yes

KWT Taibah & Haynes (2011) note that TONI-2 was normed in Kuwait by Mursi (1999) which we were unable to access

SAU Al-Saleh et al., 2001 (1st Ed.) 533 F 5.9 – 11.91 1–2nd gr. T, BT † Yes, grouped

SAU Taibah & Haynes, 2011 (2nd Ed.) 237, 99:138 6.33 – 9.18 KG – 3rd grs. Mursi’s ver., D Yes

SAU Al-Ghatani et al., 2011 (3rd Ed.) 198, 99:99 16 – 65 Prim. – 19+ T, N † Yes

SAU Balilah & Archibald, 2015c (poster; 3rd Ed.) 376, NA 6 – 9 gr. NA NP NA

“Test Your Memory” Test Anterograde & semantic memory

EGY Abd-Al-Atty, 2012 (letter to the editor) 142, 53% M 60–85 < 6 to ≥ 6 T, AD, R, V, N NP

TNI-93 & TMA-93 Nine Pictures Test

Naming & associative memory for the illiterate

ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP † NP

Token Motor Task- subscale of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia

Motor speed TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009 197, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 AD, N† In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2011 NA NA NA Ver. above For 104 pts with schiz.

Token Test Comprehension of verbal instructions

EGY Hamdy et al., 2008 (61 items) NA NA NA NP For 58 children with epilepsy

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY El-Serafy, 2015 (short ver.) 10, 6:4 59.55 ± 5.25 ≥ reads & writes

NP Yes





JOR Alkhamra & Al-Jazi, 2015 (Token Test for Children-II, 46 items)

397, 194:191 3:0 – 12:11 Nursery to 7th

gr.T, BT, R, V, N Yes

Tower of London Planning, problem solving, working memory

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 18 F 23 – 45 NP NP † Yes



30 (3:1 ratio) 7 – 13 NP NP † Yes

Trail Making Test (TMT) Psychomotor speed, mental flexibility

EGY Soueif & Metwally, 1961 NA NA NA T † For 40 neuro-psychiatric pts.

EGY Soueif, 1976c 839 M inmates 15 – 50 Illit. to uni. NP † NP

EGY Okasha et al., 1985 77 M NP Undergrad. NP † Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1994 30, 22:8 40 – 76 NP NP † Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1995 NA NA NA NP † For 57 stroke pts.

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996 37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 NP † Only for educated controls


N † Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1997 174, 129:45 20 – 76 0 to >12 N † Yes


NP † Yes

EGY Farahat et al., 2003 50 M 42.48 ± 5.54 Scnd. & uni. NP † Means ± SEM

EGY Abdelwahab, Shaheen, Nasr, 2004 (abstract) 15, NA 14 – 45 ≥ secondary NA NA

EGY Abdul-Kawi, 2004 200, 100:100 20.43 ± 1.58 Uni. NP † Yes

EGY Allam et al., 2005 48, 16:32 21 – 84 6 – 20 NP † NP





EGY Abdel Fattah et al., 2006 (part B) NA NA NA NP † For 60 cardiac pts.

EGY Abdel-Rassoul et al., 2007 (part A) 80, 47:33 39.88 ±15.29 Scnd. & uni Translated by Meleka 1991

Yes

EGY Ismail et al., 2007 (poster) 50 M 9 – 15

16 – 19

5.87 ± 2.94

8.45 ± 4.56

NP † Within graphs

EGY Abdel Rasoul et al., 2008 50 M 9 – 18 NP NP † Yes, adjusted

EGY Abd El Azim, Selim, & Abd El-Raheem, 2009

NA NA NA NP † For 55 furnace workers

EGY Farahat & Kishk, 2010 (part A) 30 M 25 – 56 NP NP † Pass/fail %

EGY Soliman, 2010 148 M ~23 – 25 Uni NP † Yes, A:B ratio

EGY El Boraie et al., 2011 20, 15:5 57.85 ± 8.41 90% < 10 NP † Yes

EGY Elshahawi et al., 2011 50, 29:21 31.3 ± 8.7 ≥ reads & writes

NP † Yes

EGY Gabr, Abd El-Hay, & Adel Badawy, 2011 40, 20:20 38.5 ± 2.3 NP NP † Yes

EGY Elsawy, Abd Elhay, & Abd Elkrem, 2011 (poster)

70, NA NP NP NP † NP

EGY El-Senousey et al., 2012 NA NA NA NP † For 57 pts. with epilepsy

EGY El-Hadidy, Elemshaty, & Othman, 2013 124, NP 15 – 55 NP NP † NP †

EGY Gohar et al., 2013 NA NA NA Abdul Razzak’s ver. NP

EGY Mostafa et al., 2014 30, 6:24 14 – 23 6 – 16 NP † Yes

EGY Krishna, Ali, & Moustafa, 2014 43, 29:14 66.9 ±5.2 13.2 ± 3.1 NP † Yes

EGY Shorub et al., 2014 25, 23:2 24.88 ± 6.65 Middle & NP † Yes





high level

EGY ElAlfy et al., 2014 60, 30:30 6 – 18 NP NP † Yes

EGY Abdel-Naseer et al., 2014 20, NP ~ 43 – 60 NP NP † Yes

EGY Shehata & Hassan, 2014 (part A) 34 F 13.12 ± 0.48 NP NP † Yes

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP † NP

EGY Rohlman et al., 2014 20, NP 12–18 Scnd. & uni NP † Yes, standardized

EGY M. E. Elwan et al., 2014 20, NP 43 – 66 NP NP † % normal

EGY El-Menshawi, Mohamed, & Zaher, 2014 30, NP ~29 ± 9 > 12 NP † Mdn

EGY Rizk et al., 2015 (e-poster) NA NA NA NA NP


NP Yes


30 (3:1 ratio) 7 – 13 NP NP † Yes

EGY Elmassry, Nagy, Shorab et al., 2015 60, 27:33 42 – 58 Illit. to uni NP † Yes

EGY Anwar, Ezzat, & Mohab, 2015 30, 60% M 22 – 60 8.14 ± 3.5 NP † Yes

OMN Shelley et al., 2007, Shelley & Al Khabouri, 2007

NA NA NA T, AD † NP

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 18 F 23 – 45 NP NP † Yes


ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 NA NA NA NP † NP

SAU Ismail et al., 2012 (conference poster), 72 M 18 – 40 Prim. – uni. NP † Yes





Ismail et al., 2014

SAU Abdelgafar & Moawad, 2015c Moling.= 25

Biling. = 25

7 – 10 NP NP † NP

SAU Alqahtani, 2015 39, 30:9 26 ± 4.2 NP T, R † Yes

BHR, SAU, & KWT

Abdul Razzak, 2013 (Arabic & English forms)

100, 59:41 18 – 23 Medical students

T, AD, N † Yes


Verbal Fluency – Phonemicf Word list generation –Letter based (aka as COWAT or FAS)

EGY Kamel, El Kholy, & Hashem, 2004 20, 12:8 35.5 ± 5.45 6.75 ± 1.6 T † Yes

EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004 13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated T † Yes

EGY El-Motayam, El-Safy, & Hussien, 2009 18, NP ~ 50 – 75 NP T † Yes


50, NP ≥ 60 NP T † NP

EGY Amer, Mousa, & Mohammedin, 2010 60, 40:20 64.8 ± 4.5 Illit to ≥ High schl.

T † Yes

EGY Hamdy et al., 2013 10, NP ~ 24 ± 6 ~13.7 ± 2.4 T † Yes

EGY M. E. Elwan et al., 2014 20, NP 43 – 66 NP T † Yes

EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 (letter haa) 18, NP 18 – 45 NP T † Yes

TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009 (baa’,‘ayn, daal or qaaf, jiim, haa’)

180, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 T, AD, N † In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2011 (ver. Above) NA NA NA Norms above For 104 pts with schiz.

SAU Al-Zahrani & Elsayed, 2009 100 M 18 – 50 ≤ 6 to > 15 T † Yes





SAU Al-Ghatani, Obonsawin, & Al-Moutaery, 2009; Al-Ghatani et al., 2011 (waaw, raa’, Taa’, or siin, daal, qaaf)

198, 99:99 16 – 65 Prim. – 19+ T, AD, N † Yes

SAU Khalil, 2010 (waaw, raa, qaaf) 215, 125:90 17 – 59 0 – 21 T, AD, N † Yes

SAU Abdelgafar & Moawad, 2015c (siin, faa’; children were allowed to write)

Moling.= 25

Biling. = 25

7 – 10 NP NP † NP

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 18 F 23 – 45 NP T † Yes

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2014 (waw, raa’, Taa’) 18, 17:1 59 – 79 11.8 ± 2.9 T † Yes

ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 NA NA NA T † NP

IRQ Flamerz, Hatem, & Kursheed, 2013 NA NA NA T † For 29 tumor pts.

LBN Zamrini et al., 2014; Abou-Mrad et al., 2015 (baa’)

129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, AD, V, N † Yes

Verbal Fluency – Semantic f Word list generation –Category based

YEM Al Serouri et al., 2000 (food & animals in 60”)

142 M 11.4 ±1.2 4 – 6th grs. T, R † NP

EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004 13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated T † Yes

EGY Farahat & Kishk, 2010 (food & animals) 30 M 25 – 56 NP T † Yes


50, NP ≥ 60 NP T † NP

EGY Amer, Mousa, & Mohammedin, 2010 60, 40:20 64.8 ± 4.5 Illit to ≥ High schl.

T † Yes

EGY Amer et al., 2012 30, NP Elderly NP T † Yes

EGY Hamdy et al., 2013 10, NP ~ 24 ± 6 ~13.7 ± 2.4 T † Yes

EGY Amer, Khater et al., 2014 25, 14:11 64.8 ± 3.9 Illit. & lit. T † Yes





EGY Krishna, Ali, & Moustafa, 2014 43, 29:14 66.9 ± 5.2 13.2 ± 3.1 T † Yes

EGY El Ghoneimy et al., 2015 18, NP 18 – 45 NP T † Yes

EGY Elmassry, Nagy, Shorab et al., 2015 (4 categories)

60, 27:33 42 – 58 Illit. to uni T † Yes


T † Yes

TUN Kebir et al., 2008 (animal category) NA NA NA T † NP

TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009 (animal category) 159, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 T, N † In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2011 (animal category) NA NA NA Norms above For 104 pts. with schiz.

ALG Belarbi et al., 2010 NA NA NA T † NP

SAU Khalil, 2010 (animal category) 215, 125:90 17 – 59 0 – 21 T, N † Yes

KWT Soliman, 2014c (food & animals in 60”) Moling.=309

Biling. =306

8 – 12

8 – 12

gr. NP

gr. NP

T, R †

T, R †

Yes

Yes

LBN Zamrini et al., 2014; Abou-Mrad et al., 2015 (animal category)

129, 60% F 60 – 87 NP T, V, N † Yes

Verbal Fluency: Simple & Alternating

Semantic-based, letter-based, & alternating parts

TUN Kebir et al., 2008 NA NA NA T † NP

TUN Bellaj et al., 2015 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary T, AD, N † Yes

Vigil Continuous Performance Test

Sustained attention UAE Amir & Bahri, 1999 14 M 17 – 27 NP NP Yes

EGY Mahmoud et al., 2006 30, NP ~18 – 40 ~Illit. – uni. NP Yes

Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)

Estimate of verbal and nonverbal intellect

UAE Abu-Hilal et al., 2011 1,637, NP 6 – 28 Grade schl. & uni.

T, AD, R, V, N Yes

Wechsler Intelligence Scale Vocabulary (Vc), PAL, Leibleck & Kugelmass, 1981 639, 363:276 6 – 16 Primary to T, AD Using Israeli





for Children (WISC) – Variable Editions

Similarities (SI), Information (IN), Block Design (BD), Picture Completion (PC), Picture Arrangement (PA), Object Assembly (OA), Mazes (MZ), Digit Span (DS), Coding (CD)

ISR middle norms

JOR Elyan & Alkeelani, 1988 (not accessed, cited in Elyan, 1994)

220, NA 6.5 – 16.5 NA T, AD, R, V, N NA

SDN Ahmed, 1989; SI (WISC) 146, 74:72 8, 10, 12 Grs. 2, 4, 6 NP Yes

SDN Hussain, 2005 (unpublished masters thesis cited below)

110, NA 6 – 16 Prim. – scnd NA NA

SDN Khaleefa, 2006 (WISC-III) 330, 49% M 6 – 16 Prim. – scnd T, BT, AD, R, V NP

EGY F. Z. Elwan, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997; BD, (WISC-R)

172, 82:90 6.3 – 12.2 Grs 1, 3, & 5 T, AD, R, V NP

EGY Kaddah, Shoeib, & Mahmoud, 2010c; Full IQ (WISC-III)

18, 11:7 4:8 – 8 NP NP Yes

EGY Shatla et al., 2011; Full IQ (WISC-IV) NA NA NA NP For 23 children with epilepsy

EGY Safwat et al., 2013; VIQ & PIQ (WISC) 40, 24:16 82.3 mo. ± 7.5 NP Melika, 1999 ver. NP

EGY Mostafa et al., 2014; BD, SI (WISC or WAIS depending on age; ver. NP)

30, 6:24 14 – 23 6 – 16 NP Yes

EGY El Shazly et al., 2014; VC, SI, CO, IN, PC, PA, BD, OA, DS, AR, CD, MZ (WISC-R)

30, NP 7 – 15 NP T Yes

EGY ElAlfy et al., 2014; Verbal & Performance (WISC-III or WAIS-III)

60, 30:30 6 – 18 NP “Egyptian Arabic” Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Mohamed, et al., 2015 (WISC)

NA NA NA Melika, 1999 ver. For 45 pts. with GI problems

LBN Saddik et al., 2005; DS (WISC-R) 100 M 14 ± 2 7.6 ± 2.5 T Yes

BHR al Mannai & John Everatt, 2005, al Mannai, 2006 (doctoral thesis); DS, CD,

171, 84:87 6.25 – 10.42 1 – 3rd grs. Bahraini WISC, 1998 Yes





BD, PC, PA (WISC-III)c

LBY Lynn, El-Ghmary Abdalla, & Al-Shahomee (2009); WISC-R Verbal and Working Memory Scales only

870, 421:449 6 – 16 Grs. 1 – 12 T, BT, AD, N Yes

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010; DS (WAIS-III) 18, F 23 – 45 44% > 12

55% < 12

NP Yes

MOR Azzaoui et al., 2014; Working Memory (WISC-III)

129, NP 6 – 8 School aged NP NP

SAU Abdelgafar & Moawad, 2015c; MZ (WISC-R)

Moling.= 25

Biling. = 25

7 – 10 NP Melika, 1998 ver. NP

TUN Bellaj et al., 2015; DS (WISC-R) 120, 60:60 7 – 12 Elementary N Yes

Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS) – Variable Editions

Vocabulary (VC), Similarities (SI), Information (IN), Comprehension (CO), Block Design (BD), Picture Completion (PC), Picture Arrangement (PA), Digit Span (DS), Arithmetic (AR), Symbol Search (SS), Coding (CD)/Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)

SDN Sulman, 1987 (not accessed; reported in Khaleefa, Sulman, & Lynn, 2009; WAIS-R)

801, 418:383 50 ± NA NA Standardized Yes

SDN Sulman, 2008 (unpublished master’s thesis reported in Khaleefa, Sulman, & Lynn, 2009; WAIS-R)

801, NA 50 ± NA NA Re-standardized Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 1994; BD; DSST (WAIS-R)

30, 22:8 40 – 76 NP NP Yes

EGY O. H. Elwan, Baradah, et al., 1996; BD, DSST (WAIS-R)

37, 27:10 40 – 76 < 6 & ≥ 6 “Arabic ver.” For 24 educated controls

EGY O. H. Elwan, Hassan, et al., 1996; DSST (WAIS-R)

88, 57:31 40 – 76 ≥ reads & writes

N Yes

EGY Okasha et al., 2000; VC, BD, OA, DS (ver. NP)

30, NP ~ 16 – 40 ~13.6 ± 2.5 NP For Object Assembly

EGY O. H. Elwan et al., 2003; BD; DSST 94, 72:22 40 – 82 Reads & N Yes





(WAIS-R) writes to uni.

EGY El-Motayam et al., 2004; VC, SI, BD (WAIS-R)

13, 8:5 52.3 ± 7.6 Educated NP Yes

EGY Kamel, El Kholy, & Hashem, 2004; VC, SI, DS, DSST (WAIS-R)

20, 12:8 35.5 ± 5.45 6.75 ± 1.6 NP Yes

EGY Allam et al., 2005; VC, SI, BD, PC (WAIS-R)

48, 16:32 21 – 84 6 – 20 NP NP

EGY Abdel Fattah et al., 2006; BD, DSST (WAIS-R)

NA NA NA NP For 60 cardiac pts.

EGY Abdel-Rassoul et al., 2007; BD, DS, DSST (WAIS)

80, 47:33 39.88 ± 15.29 Scnd. & uni Melika 1991 ver. Yes

EGY Abdel Rasoul et al., 2008; IN, SI, BD, DS, DSST, AR (WAIS &/or WISC)

50 M 9 – 18 NP Abdel-Khalek, 1994 ver.

Yes, adjusted

EGY Khedr et al., 2008 (WAIS-R) 25, 12:13 22.64 ± 4.83 Illit. to < uni. NP Yes

EGY El-Motayam, El-Safy, & Hussien, 2009; BD, DS (WAIS-III)

18, NP ~ 50 – 75 NP NP Yes

EGY Abd El Azim, Selim, & Abd El-Raheem, 2009; SI, DS, DSST (WMS-R)

NA NA NA NP † For 55 furnace workers

EGY Amer, Mousa, & Mohammedin, 2010; BD, DS (WAIS-R)

60, 40:20 64.8 ± 4.5 Illit to ≥ High schl.

Melika, 1991 ver. Yes

EGY Elsawy, Abd Elhay, & Abd Elkrem, 2011 (poster); DS (ver. NP)

70, NA NP NP NP NP

EGY Metwally & Eid, 2011; DS, DSST (WAI-

R)20, 14:6 40 – 62 Illit. to ≥ uni. NP Yes, total score

EGY El-Boraie et al., 2011; performance IQ, DS 20, 15:5 57.85 ± 8.41 90% < 10 NP Yes





(WAIS-III)

EGY Y. Z. Gad et al., 2011c; DSST (WAIS-R) 67, NP < 30 – 60 NA Egyptian adaptation Yes

EGY Elshahawi et al., 2011 (WAIS-III) 50, 29:21 31.3 ± 8.7 ≥ reads & writes

NP Yes

EGY Hussien et al., 2012; VC, SI, CO, BD, PC, AR, DS, DSST (WAIS-R)

NA NA NA Melika, 1996 ver. For 100 elderly with psychosis

EGY El-Senousey et al., 2012; DS, Verbal & Performance IQ (WAIS-R)

NA NA NA NP For 57 pts. with epilepsy

EGY Amer et al., 2012; BD, DS (WAIS-R) 30, NP Elderly NP NP Yes

EGY Khalil et al., 2013; SI, CO, BD, PC, DS, AR, DSST (WAIS-R)

30, NP 18 – 50 13.93 ± NP Melika, 1996 ver. NP

EGY El-Hadidy, Elemshaty, & Othman, 2013; Verbal & Performance IQ (WAIS-R)

124, NP 15 – 55 NP Melika, 1996 ver. NP

EGY Sadek et al., 2012; El-Ghonemy et al., 2013 (poster); Radwan et al., 2014 (abstract); all subtest (WAIS-R)

50, 19:31 71.99 ± 2.2 Illit. to uni Melika, 1996 ver. Yes

EGY Radwan et al., 2013; Okasha et al., 2014; Hamed et al., 2014; SI, CO, BD, PC, AR, DS, DSST (WAIS-R)

30, 15:15 25.77 ± 3.87 13.93 ± 2.66 Melika, 1996 ver. Yes

EGY Amer, Khater et al., 2014 (WAIS) 25, 14:11 64.8 ± 3.9 Illit. & lit. Melika, 1991 ver. Yes

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster); BD (WAIS-R) 50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY M. E. Elwan et al., 2014; BD (ver. NP) 20, NP 43 – 66 NP NP Yes

EGY Abdel Rahman, Abdel Guaad, & Mortagy, 2014; BD, DS (WAIS-III)

50, NP 65.6 ± 4.95 Educated NP Frequency





EGY Frydecka et al., 2014; DS (WAIS-III) 18, 6:12 44.34 ± 6.99 11.94 ± 2.88 NP NP

EGY Mostafa et al., 2014; BD, SI (WISC or WAIS; ver. NP)

30, 6:24 14 – 23 6 –16 NP Yes

EGY Abdel-Naseer et al., 2014; VC, SI, DSST, (WAIS)

20, NP ~ 43 – 60 NP NP Yes

EGY El-Serafy, 2015; BD, DSST (WAIS-R) 10, 6:4 59.55 ± 5.25 ≥ reads & writes

NP Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy, et al., 2015b; VC, SI, CO, IN, BD, PC, PA, OA, CD, DS (ver. NP)

47, 24:13 60 – 78 6 – uni. NP Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy et al., 2015a; VC, SI, CO, IN, BD, PC, PA, OA, CD, DS (ver. NP)

35, 19:16 60 – 75 6 – uni. NP Yes

TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009; DS, VS (WAIS-III) 146, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 N In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2009 (WAIS-III) NA NA NA Ver. above NP

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010; DS (WAIS-III) 18 F 23 – 45 NP NP Yes

SAU Al-Ghatani et al., 2011; VC, PC (WAIS-R) 198, 99:99 16 – 65 Prim. – 19+ T, AD, N † Yes

Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) – Variable Editions

Mental Control (MC), Logical Memory (LM), Verbal Paired Associates (VPA), Visual Reproduction (VR), Visual Paired Associates (ViPA), Figural Memory (FM), Visual Span (VS), Digit Span (DS), Orientation (OR), Information (IN)

EGY Farrag et al., 2002; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC (WMS)

18 F 40.96 ± 6.4 2.64 ± 4 NP Yes

EGY Osman et al., 2005; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC (WMS)

297 M NP High schl. NP Yes, grouped

EGY Mahmoud et al., 2006; VPA, ViPA, DS, VS (WMS-R)

30, NP ~18 – 40 ~Illit. – uni. NP Yes

EGY Khedr et al., 2008; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC (WMS-R)

25, 12:13 22.64 ± 4.83 Illit. to < uni. NP Yes

EGY Khedr, Hamed, et al., 2009; LM, VPA, 40, NP ~40 – 75 ~Illit. to ≥ 8 NP Yes





VR, DS, MC, (WMS-R)

EGY Farahat & Kishk, 2010; LM, VR, FM, VisPA, DS (WMS-R)

30 M 25 – 56 NP NP Yes

EGY Shehata, Abdel-Baky, et al., 2010; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC (WMS-R)

50, 29:21 44.14 ± 7.10 12.42 ± 2.83 NP Yes

EGY Elshahawi et al., 2011; LM, VPA, VR, MC, & Memory Index (WMS-III)

50, 29:21 31.3 ± 8.7 ≥ reads & writes

NP Yes

EGY Zayed et al., 2011; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC, OR, IN (WMS-R)

10, 7:3 23 – 50 NP NP Yes

EGY El-Boraie et al., 2011; LM, VR (WMS) 20, 15:5 57.85 ± 8.41 90% < 10 NP Yes

EGY Hamed et al., 2012; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC (WMS-R)

40 F ~ 46 ± 11 NP Arabic standardized Yes

EGY A. H. Gad at el., 2012; LM (WMS-III) 50, NP ~ 40 – 55 NP NP Yes

EGY Abdel Salam, 2012 (thesis abstract; WMS ver. NP)

40, NP 16 – 65 NA NA NP

EGY El-Kholy et al., 2012; VS, DS (WMS-R) 25, 10:15 21 – 37 6 – 12+ NP Yes

EGY Moussa et al., 2013; LM, VPA, DS, MC, OR, IN (WMS-R)

50, NP 30 – 50 NP NP Yes

EGY Abda et al., 2013 (WMS-R) NA NA NA T NP

EGY Gohar et al., 2013; LM, VPA, DS (WMS) NA NA NA NP NP

EGY El-Hadidy, Elemshaty, & Othman, 2013; LM, VR, DS (WMS-R)

124, NP 15 – 55 NP NP NP

EGY Kader et al., 2013 (WMS-III) 40, 22:18 18 – 66 Scnd. – high NP Yes

EGY Khalil et al., 2013; VPA, ViPA, VS, DS, 30, NP 18 – 50 13.93 ± NP NP NP





OR (WMS-R)

EGY Radwan et al., 2013; Okasha et al., 2014; Hamed et al., 2014; VPA, ViPA, VS, DS, OR (WMS-R)

30, 15:15 25.77 ± 3.87 13.93 ± 2.66 NP Yes

EGY Shorub et al., 2014 (WMS-R) 25, 23:2 24.88 ± 6.65 Middle & high level

NP Yes

EGY Hussein et al., 2014 (poster); LM, VPA (WMS-R)

50, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY Krishna, Ali, & Moustafa, 2014; LM, DS (WMS-R)

43, 29:14 66.9 ± 5.2 13.2 ± 3.1 NP Yes

EGY Abdel-Naseer et al., 2014; LM, VPA, DS (WMS)

20, NP ~ 43 – 60 NP NP Yes

EGY El-Serafy, 2015; VPA (WMS) 10, 6:4 59.55 ± 5.25 ≥ reads & writes

NP Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy, et al., 2015b; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC, OR, IN (ver. NP)

47, 24:13 60 – 78 6 – uni. NP Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy, et al., 2015a; LM, VPA, VR, DS, MC, OR, IN (ver. NP)

35, 19:16 60 – 75 6 – uni. NP Yes

EGY El-Missiry et al., 2015; VPA, ViPA, VS, DS, OR (WMS-R)

NA NA NA NP For 108 pts. with schizophrenia

EGY Khedr et al., 2015; LM (WMS-III) 25, NP ≥ 60 NP NP NP

EGY Elmassry, Nagy, Sabry et al., 2015 (WMS-R)

15, 9:6 23.4 ± 5.1 NP NP Yes

TUN Mrabet Khiari et al., 2010; visual memory (ver. NP)

NA NA NA NP NP

SAU Escandall, 2002 (WMS-III) NA NA NA T, AD, V NA





SAU Hassan, 2012 (WMS-III) NA NA NA Ver. above For 78 pts. with TLE

IRQ Haza, Sheaheed, & Al-Mahdawi, 2014 (ver. NP)

NA NA NA NP % impaired for 100 stroke pts.

Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV)

Nonverbal intelligence, visuospatial recognition


70 ± 4 mo. Senior KG NP Yes

LBN Tavitian et al., 2014 21, 11:10 12 – 18 NP NP Yes

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

A measure of cognitive development for preschoolers

SAU Nedwick et al., 2011; Information, Arithmetic, Picture Completion subtests

1,854, 1,650:204

5.2 – 8 1st gr. NP NP Yes

EGY Selim et al., 2012 58, 42:16 2 – 8 NP NP NP

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)

Working memory, conceptualization, ability to shift & maintain set

EGY Okasha et al., 2000 30, NP ~ 16 – 40 ~13.6 ± 2.5 NP † Yes

EGY Aziz et al., 2010 (conf. paper) 25, NP 25.5 ± 3.6 NP NP † NP

EGY Soliman, 2010 (computerized) 148 M ~ 23 – 25 Uni. NP † Yes, grouped

EGY Elshahawi et al., 2011 (computerized) 50, 29:21 31.3 ± 8.7 ≥ reads & writes

NP † Yes

EGY Farag et al., 2011 14 M ~ 22 – 53 NP NP † Mean ± SEM

EGY Elsawy, Abd Elhay, & Abd Elkrem, 2011 (poster)

70, NA NP NP NP † NP

EGY Rady et al., 2011, 2012 NA NA NA NP † For 60 psychiatric pts.

EGY Abdel Salam, 2012 (thesis abstract) 40, NP 16 – 65 NA NP † NA

EGY Essawy, 2012 (conf. paper) NP NP NA NP † NP

EGY El-Kholy et al., 2012 (64 cards ver.) 25, 10:15 21 – 37 6 – 12+ NP † Yes

EGY Abd El-Rahman et al., 2012 NA NA NA NP † For 80 pts. with





depression


EGY Kader et al., 2013 40, 22:18 18 – 66 Scnd. – high NP † Yes

EGY Radwan et al., 2013; Hamed et al., 2014; Okasha et al., 2014

30, 15:15 25.77 ± 3.87 13.93 ± 2.66 NP † Yes

EGY Shorub et al., 2014 25, 23:2 24.88 ± 6.65 Middle & high level

NP † Yes


30 (3:1 ratio) 7 – 13 NP NP † Yes

EGY Rizk et al., 2015 (e-poster) NA NA NA NP † NP

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy, et al., 2015a 35, 19:16 60 – 75 6 – uni. NP † Yes

EGY Abdel Kader, Fahmy, et al., 2015b 47, 24:13 60 – 78 6 – uni. NP † Yes

EGY El-Missiry et al., 2015 NA NA NA NP † For 109 pts. with schizophrenia

TUN Kebir et al., 2008 NA NA NA NP † NP

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2010 (Nelson’s mod.) 18 F 23 – 45 NP NP † Yes

OMN Al-Adawi et al., 2014 (Nelson’s mod.) 18, 17:1 59 – 79 11.8 ± 2.9 NP † Yes

SAU Al-Ghatani et al., 2011 (ver. above) 198, 99:99 16 – 65 Prim. – 19+ T, N † Yes

Zazzo Task Sustained attention TUN Ben azouz et al., 2009 136, NP 17 – 45 < 9 & ≥ 9 N In graphs

TUN Johnson et al., 2009, 2011 NA NA NA Ver. above For pts with schiz.

Note. This test list is based on our database search as described in the method section. It is not exhaustive, and other tests or studies may be available. We do not approve or endorse any specific test for use with any population; T= translated; BT= back translated; AD= adapted; R= reliability was assessed; V= validity was assessed; N= normative data provided; NP= data not provided in that specific reference; SD= standard deviation; Mdn= median; IQR= interquartile range; SEM= standard error of mean; ALG= Algeria; BHR= Bahrain; EGY= Egypt; IRQ= Iraq; ISR= Israel; JOR= Jordan; KWT=

Kuwait; LBN= Lebanon; LBY= Libya; MOR= Morocco; OMN= Oman; PAL= Palestine; SAU= Saudi Arabia; SDN= Sudan; SYR= Syria; TUN= Tunisia; UAE= United Arab Emirates; YEM= Yemen; bdw.= bedouins (nomads); AD= Alzheimer’s disease; FTD= frontotemporal dementia; MCI= mild cognitive impairment; MS= multiple sclerosis; PD= Parkinson’s disease; SSPE= subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; TLE= temporal lobe epilepsy. aCountry in which the sample was collected. bSample size, age, and education information provided in the table are exclusively for norms or healthy controls. In cases when studies only included patient or learning disabled populations, with no healthy control comparison, demographic cells were marked with “NA,” meaning not applicable. Age is listed in years format unless otherwise indicated (i.e. months). We attempted reporting whether information on translation, back translation, adaptation, reliability, and validity were provided, regardless of its quality. This is based on available information reported by the authors in the specified reference. c Published report lacked information about medical and/or psychiatric screening. dWe report studies revealed in our search as described in the method section only. However, the test was studied and normed extensively in Jordan, Egypt, Saudi, and other countries, often in group-format, and often published in Arabic dissertations. eSample is 76.4% vitamin D deficient but is otherwise healthy; separate means for those with normal vitamin D levels were not provided. f“Verbal Fluency” title does not include studies that used phonemic or categorical wordlist generation tasks as part of cognitive screens, such as the MOCA, CERAD, ACE, or CASI.

† Some of our suggested adaptation criteria may not apply to this test (e.g. translation and back translation may not apply if stimuli were specifically created for the given culture, or when aspects of the test did not require linguistic adaptation).

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