7SCIENCE Thurs. April 7

States of Matter

Review: Kinetic Theory of Matter

• What is the kinetic theory of matter?– All particles in matter are in

constant, random motion

• What determines state of matter (solid, liquid or gas) ?– Arrangement – Movement (motion) of atoms

Kinetic Theory of Matter• These energy produced by these moving particles is

called kinetic energy

• The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving and more likely they will collide into other particles

• When particles collide, the faster-moving particles (hotter) transfer some energy to the slower-moving particles (cooler)

States of Matter: SOLID

• The lower the temperature, the slower the particles are moving (less energy)

• Solids: The particles have little motion, and are shaking in a specific arrangement/shape

States of Matter: Melting/Freezing Points

• If temperature ↑, the particles will shake faster and at a certain temperature they will break free of their shape

• This temperature is called the melting point solid liquid

• When the opposite happens (liquid solid) this temperature is called the freezing point

States of Matter: LIQUID

• In a liquid the particles are free to move and take the shape of its container

Ex. Pour a glass of water:• Forces hold the particles

together as a liquid while gravity holds them at the bottom of the glass

State of Matter: GAS

• If temperature in the liquid increases, the particles begin to shake faster and escape the arrangement and forces of the liquid

• This temperature is called the boiling point and is called vaporization

• Particles are free to move around inany direction or shape