Stateof Environment R 009 · – Decision to streamline SoE Reporting System in India ... emissions...

State of Environment Report India –2009State of Environment Report India –2009

11th August 2009

Process and Content

Development Alternatives

� SoE Reporting Process in India

� SoE Report – India 2009

… key highlights

� Future Outlook

Presentation Profile


SoE Reporting Process

in India


� 10th Five Year Plan

– Decision to streamline SoE Reporting System in India

– NHIs and SHIs designated

� Objectives

– to present an overview of the environmental situation in space and time

– to create awareness and ownership of issues among stakeholders

– to enable policy and strategy formulation

– to facilitate analytical and informed decision-making

Background

Sensitisation / Stakeholders Workshop

Response Identification

Draft Report Consultation Finalisation

SoE Report - India

(Perception Based)(Data Based)

SoE – Reporting Approach

Data Collection

Data Collation Synthesis & Consultation

- Gaps

- Possible responses

Issue Identification & Prioritisation

Validation & Data Gap Filling

Verification with stakeholders


PSIR framework has been used to analyse the various issues

� Pressure : Agents of environmental changes;

� State : Analysis of the past trends or projection of the future;

� Impact : Effects on environment quality; and

� Response : Societal response with policies to affect State of theEnvironment

PSIR - Analytic Framework


SoE Reporting Products


SoE Report India – 2009

Key Highlights


The report is structured into five sections

� Section I : Overview

� Section II : State and Trends of the Environment

� Section III : Key Environmental Issues

� Section IV : Policies and Institutional Options

� Section V : Annexure

State of Environment Report


STATE & TRENDS

of

ENVIRONMENTLand

Air

Water

Biodiversity


� Approximately 45% land degraded

– Water erosion

– Soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity

– Water logging

– Wind erosion & complex problems

� Prime Causes

– Deforestation

– Unsustainable agriculture practices

– Mining operations

– Excessive ground water extraction

� >2/3 of this 147 Mha. can be quite easily regenerated

– Forest Cover gradually improving

Land


� Increasing trend of RSPM and SPM levels

– Most cities > NAAQ Standards

– Public Health damage costs in 50 cities (110m population) = Rs.15,000 crores in 2004

� Prime drivers

– Vehicular pollution

– Industrialisation

� SO2 and NO2 levels fortunately decreasing due to measures taken

Air


� Quantitative limits to Water Use

– Availability – consuming 75% utilisable resource

– Future requirement – just enough if careful

– Temporal Challenge – 80% flows in four months

– Spatial Challenge – many basins facing scarcity

� Prime Causes

– Domestic Activities• Unsustainable consumption patterns – pricing• Inadequate sanitation – pollution

– Industrial Activities• Unregulated extraction of ground water• Discharge of toxic and organic waste water

– Agricultural Activities• Inefficient Irrigation and farming practices• Overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides

Water


� India – biodiversity rich

– With 2.4% global land area has 8% biodiversity wealth

– One of the 17 mega diverse countries

– >45,500 plant and 91,000 animal species

– Mostly in 10% of our land area

� However – rapid loss trends

– 10% wild flora and fauna in threatened list

– Many on the verge of extinction

� Prime Causes

– Anthropogenic habitat destruction

– Others – poaching and hunting, invasive species, over exploitation of wild bio-resources, pollution and climate change

Biodiversity


KEYENVIRONMENTAL

ISSUES

Climate Change

Water Security

ManagingUrbanization

Food Security

Energy Security


Addressing Climate Challenge

� National Perspective

– India contributes only ~5% global CO2 emissions @ 1.2T/capita/annum

– Over 700 million people likely to be affected

– Preliminary vulnerability assessments completed – detailing in progress

� Response Strategy - NAPCC

– Adaptation to climate change

– Enhancement of ecological sustainability of India’s development path

– Multi-pronged integrated strategies through Eight National Missions


Food Security


– Under nourished population of ~ 231 million

– Marginal improvement in Children’s nutrition status

� Response Strategy (NFS Mission)

– Sustainable increase in production & productivity of food crops

– Boosting agricultural science and technology

– Promotion of organic farming

– Upgradation of storage and distribution systems


� Improving efficiencies and minimising losses

� Recharging Ground Water Aquifers

� Abatement and Treatment of Pollution

� Reuse and recycling of Waste Water

Water Security

Projected Annual Requirement of Water


Energy Security


– Though generation increased, over 600 million people have no access to electricity

– High dependence on fossil fuels have significant environmental and climate implications

� Response Strategy

– Generation – capacity optimisation, technology upgradation, focus on renewables

– Transmission – National Grid development, loss reduction

– Distribution – system upgradation with service orientation, loss and theft reduction

– Conservation – demand side management


Managing Urbanization


– Currently ~ 28% urban population – rapidly increasing

– 20 to 40% urban population in slums – with environmental and health implications

� Response Strategies

– JN National Urban Renewal Mission• Well Integrated• More emphasis may be given to small and

medium towns


Future Outlook


� National Products

– SoE Report – India 2009

– Two Thematic SoEs

– Updated Interactive SoE Atlas

– India Sustainability Watch

� State Level Products

– Second set of Reports – all States

– Second set of other products – most states

Future Outlook

… before 2012


Thank you

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