State Standard 4F. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive...
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Transcript of State Standard 4F. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive...
State Standard
4F. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful
environmental conditions.
Animal Adaptations(31.1 & 31.2)
BEHAVIOR Behavior is anything an animal does in
response to a stimulus. A stimulus can be external or internal.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
Behavior results from the interaction of genetically based behaviors and behaviors based on experience.
AKA Inherited Behavior Genetically Based Behavior commonly observed among a
large number of individuals within a population, even if the environments are different.
Includes automatic responses as well as instinctive behaviors
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR
A reflex is a simple, automatic response that requires no thinking.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Automatic
A human baby demonstrating the Moro Reflex
More complex than reflex but still does not have to be learned.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Instinctive
A peacock fanning his feathers to attract a mate
Attempt to adopt & control a physical area against others of the same species.
Territories are usually defended by males in order to increase their chance of obtaining adequate food, mates, & places to rear their offspring.
Reduces conflict, controls population, & decreases competition.
Animals sometimes use aggression, verbal, & chemical signals to defend territory.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Territorial
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Migratory
Seasonal movement of a species.
Animals that engage in migratory behaviors increase their chances of survival by searching out new food sources.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Foraging
Foraging successfully means obtaining needed nutrients, while avoiding predators and poisonous foods.
Animal Behavior
Natural selection favors individuals whose foraging behaviors use the least amount of energy to obtain the maximum amount of energy possible.
Chapter 31
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Hibernation
Physiological changes during winter to reduce the need for energy.
Body temp. drops. Oxygen
consumption decreases.
Breathing rate decreases.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
A hibernating dormouse
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Estivation
Reduced metabolism rate due to extreme heat, long periods of drought, or lack of food.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
During estivation, anearthworm rolls itself into
a ball.
INNATE BEHAVIOR - Nurturing
When parents provide care to their offspring in the early stages of development, they are engaging in nurturing behaviors.
Animal Behavior
This includes providing food, protection, and skills needed for survival.
Animal species that spend time nurturing young often produce fewer offspring than animals that do not nurture.
Chapter 31
LEARNED BEHAVIOR
Learned behaviors result from an interaction between innate behaviors and past experiences within a particular environment.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
Habituation is the decrease in an animal’s response after repeatedly being exposed to a stimulus that has no positive or negative effects.
LEARNED BEHAVIOR - Habituation Sometimes, animals learn
over time that a potentially important stimulus deserves little or no attention.
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
LEARNED BEHAVIOR - Imprinting Can only occur w/in a specific time period in the
animal’s life & is permanent. Some animals form a social attachment to the
first object they see after birth.
Animal Behavior
Other animals imprint on the chemical composition of the water in which they are hatched.
Chapter 31
ADAPTATIONS FOR DEFENSE - Mechanical incorporated into the physical structure of the
organism. Ex: claws, sharp teeth, stingers, protective or
warning coloring
Chapter 31
A poisonous frog