State of the Art of Compact Separators for Production ... · 2/22/2018 · Control and Measurement...

21 – 22 February 2018 Houston, TX

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State of the Art of Compact Separators for Production

Measurement – from Lab to the Field

Drs. Ram S. Mohan and Ovadia Shoham

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TUPREP

TUDRP

TUFFP

TUSTP

TUALP

TUPDP

E/CRC

TUSTP

EROSION /CORROSION RESEARCH CENTER

PARAFFIN DEPOSITIONDELAYED COKING (TUDCP)

DRILLING RESEARCH

TU-FLUID FLOW

ARTIFICIAL LIFT

PETROLEUM RESERVOIR EXPLOITATION

TU-SEPARATION

TECHNOLOGY

PROJECTS

TUSMP SAND MANAGEMENT

TUCTMRCOIL TUBING MECHANICS

RESEARCH

TU Major Research Consortia

1-3

Advance the State-of-the-Art of Multiphase Cyclonic Separation Technology for Gas/Oil/Water/Sand Flow

Long-term Cooperation between University, Industry and Government is Envisioned to Better Understand, Analyze, and Design Compact Separators and Compact Separation Systems

TUSTP Mission and Vision

Control and Measurement

Control Measurement (DDS)

Flow Conditioning

Slug Damper

Helical pipe Balanced Feed Manifold

Oil

Oil

Water

Gas

GLCC©

Gas

Liquid

Compact Separators

Water

Oil

LLHC

Oil

Water

LLCC©

CMSS©

Gas

Solid Liquid

Water

Oil

HPS©

GLSC©

Flow Characterization

Dispersion Characterization (DCR)& Foam Characterization (FCR)

Gas-liquid

Liquid-liquid

Solid-liquid

TUSTP Research Areas

Add-in Libraryvx1.4

1-5

GLCC©vx8.5

FLOPATNvx2.1

Slug Damper vx2.1

TUSTPTUSTP

GAS-LIQUID

CYLINDRICAL CYCLONE

LIQUID-LIQUID

CYLINDRICAL CYCLONE

GAS-LIQUID FLOW

PATTERN PREDICTION

GAS-LIQUID

FLOW CONDITIONING

LLCC©vx1.1

Hydrocyclone-vx4.0DEOILING &DESANDING

HYDROCYCLONE

OIL-WATER

FLOW PATTERNFlowpatOW-vx1.2

Pressure Gradient

OIL-WATERDPDLOWDisp-vx1.0

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GLCC©vx9.2

FLOPATNvx2.6

Slug Damper vx2.1

TUSTPTUSTP

GAS-LIQUID

CYLINDRICAL CYCLONE

LIQUID-LIQUID

CYLINDRICAL CYCLONE

GAS-LIQUID FLOW

PATTERN PREDICTION

GAS-LIQUID

FLOW CONDITIONING

LLCC©vx2.0

Hydrocyclone-vx4.0DEOILING &DESANDING

HYDROCYCLONE

OIL-WATER

FLOW PATTERNFlowpatOW-vx1.2

Pressure Gradient

OIL-WATERDPDLOWDisp-vx1.0

TUSTP Deliverables

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Multiphase Production SystemGas/Liquid Separation Applications

7

History of GLCC© Installations

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Separator Size Comparison

Metering Loop with Single-Phase Meters

Metering Loop with Multiphase Meters (Gas Knockout)

GLCC as a Pre-separator for De-bottlenecking

GLCC as a Bulk Separator

High Pressure GLCC for Wet Gas Application

Portable GLCC

Offshore Application

Mining Application

GLCC for Severe Slugging Applications

Low API Gravity Application (12 0API)

Other Applications

GLCC after First Stage Compressor

GLCC for Raw Gas Lift

GLCC as a Gas Scrubber

GLCC in a Multiphase Pumping Loop

GLCC© Field Applications(over 6500 as of 12/2016)

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Horizontal

Separator

(19ft x 75ft)

Vertical

Separator

(9ft x 35ft)

GLCC©

Compact Separator

(5ft x 20ft)

Separator Size Comparison

Ref: Gomez, L.E, Mohan, R.S., Shoham, O. and Kouba, G.E.: “EnhancedMechanistic Model and Field Application Design of Gas-Liquid Cylindrical CycloneSeparator,” SPE 62487, SPE Journal, vol. 5 (2), 190-198, June 2000.

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Originally Developed by Chevron in La-Habra, CA (Dr. Gene Kouba, early ‘90s)

GLCC©/Net Oil Computer Configuration (early ‘90s)

Device Patented in 1994

JIP/Research Consortium formed, TU Separation Technology Projects (TUSTP) (1994)

GLCC© Historical Development

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More than Forty units in one Oklahoma field

Up to 1200 bpd and 80 GOR with one basic design

38 deg API crude with water cuts up to 95%

Beam pumping units with pulsating flow

0.5 ft X 9 ft

50 psia, 80 F

Field Application Design

Chevron Single Well Test Loop

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Oklahoma

0.5 ft x 11 ft

1500 - 2000 bbl/d

500 - 800 Mscf/d

25 psia, 75 F

Chevron Multiphase Metering Loop

- Multiple Well Testing

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GLCC©s in West Texas (Single Well Testing)

Gross liquid rates from 5 to 2000 bpd Gas rates to 50 Mscfd Field allocation factor better than 0.97

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GLCCS IN WEST TEXAS (MICROMOTION INC.)

High gas rates from primary lift wells and ESPs

Gas rates up to 2 MMscfd

2-inch ELITE meter on gas flow

Density measurement for CO2 fraction


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GLCCs in West Texas (Multiple Wells Manifolded) Micromotion Inc.

GLCCs used to replace 15 troublesome three-phase separators

Multiple Wells Wide range of flow

rates due to multiple lift techniques:Beam lift,

plunger lift, RotoFlex, ESP, primary

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JIP – Chevron, BP, Krebs

(1995)

Field Test at BP's Wytch

Farm

6” GLCC for control of

GLR input to desander

Combination worked well

Optimal solid/liquid

separation

2-5% GCU

GLCC© as Part of a Wellhead DesanderBP’s Wytch Farm (UK)

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3 ft ID, 11 ft tall

76 psia, 360 F

6,000 bbl/d,

10.0 MMscf/d

Integrated liquid

level control

Automated Well Test Unit – Minas Indonesia

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5 ft ID, 20ft tall

185 psia, 360 F

200,000 bbl/d,

71 MMscft/d

Integrated liquid

level control with

Dead band filter

o

Bulk Separation Application – Minas Indonesia

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Spot 1 = 198.0 F

Spot 2 = 204.0 F

Spot 3 = 190.3 F

Spot 4 = 183.5 F

Spot 5 = 182.0 F

Spot 6 = 206.0 F

*>209,1°F

*<115,7°F

120,0

130,0

140,0

150,0

160,0

170,0

180,0

190,0

200,0

Spot 1 = 197.8 F

Spot 2 = 203.3 F

Spot 3 = 195.9 F

Spot 4 = 176.0 F

Spot 5 = 205.0 F

*>214,3°F

*<-4,0°F

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

180,0

200,0

Confirmed operation of dual inlet

during extremely high liquid rates

Slugging Mitigation:Field Test for Model Validation

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OffshorePlatform

1 ft x 11 ft

24 Wells

43 - 3033 bbl/d

683 – 4597Mscf/d

60 psia, 130 F

Multiphase Metering Loop Application – Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

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Courtesy SMS, Inc.

12 API Oil - Bakersfield, CA

12’’ Column

3” Inlet

2” CMF- Liquid

Very Low GOR

Level Control

Temperature:

120 to 250 F.

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GLCC© in Chevron Nigeria “Raw” Gas Lift

1998 SPE Production Separation Workshop

HIGH PRESSURE

SOURCE WELL

LOW PRESSURE

GAS LIFT WELL

TO LIQUID

FLOWLINE

HIGH PRESSURE

LIFT GAS

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GLCC© for “Raw” Gas Lift - Chevron Nigeria

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China Offshore Platform GLCC© for Wet Gas Metering (CNOOC)

Courtesy Veritas-MSI

(China)

(Natural Gas and Condensate)

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China Offshore Platform GLCC© for Wet Gas Metering (CNOOC)

(Natural Gas and Condensate)

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GLCC© for Well Test Metering Skid (Shengli Oil Field - CNPC)


(China)

(High Liquid and Low Gas Rates)

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GLCC© for Well Test Metering Skid (Sinopec)


(China)

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High Pressure GLCC© with AFE for Wet Gas Application (CEESI Test Loop)

(Rated for 1500 psia)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Vsg/Vann

Liq

uid

Se

pa

ratio

n E

ffic

ien

cy

GLCC Efficiency

GLCC + AFE

Efficiency

P = 1000 psia

T = 76 F

Tested at CEESI 200 – 1000 psia

AFE extended gas rate limits

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CPI - DURI AREA-10 GLCC©sWITH SLUG DAMPER (Indonesia)

Courtesy

Chevron

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(Courtesy SMS, Inc.)

GLCC with Slug Damper


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GLCC HEAVY OIL FIELD TEST UNIT

Oils: 14, 19, 29 API

P = 100 – 200 psig

T = 120 F

wc = 0 – 100

QL = 1500 – 8000 blpd

Qg = 250 – 1500 mscf/d


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Courtesy SMS, Inc.

INFIELD DRILLING

10” Column

1” R Meter- Gas

2” F-Series Liquid

Full level Control

Dual Control Valves


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Courtesy SMS, Inc.

GAS WELL WITH CONDENSATE

10” Column

3MMSCFD GAS – 20 BPD Gross

2” F-Series Gas

1” F-Series Liquid

Capacity 12MM


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Liquid Metering Loop

(Mining Applications

– Premier Instruments, Colorado)

6 inch ID, 9ft tall

250-800 psi, 300-425 F

857-6860 bbl/d liquid,

5-40 MMscft/d gas

Level control by GCV

implemented by Premier

Instruments Inc.


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GLCC Metering Skids for Exxon, Chad (Premier Instruments)


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GLCC IWT LOOP FOR POZA RICA, MEXICO (Wet Gas Application)

GLCC installed by

Emerson Process

Management - IWT


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Portable GLCC© Well Test Unit- Texaco, Bakersfield

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Portable GLCC© –Gas ProductionCourtesy SMS, Inc.

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Portable GLCC© – Well Test Skid (PEMEX, Mexico)

Portable GLCC – “Bear Cyclone” by Calscan, Canada

“Bear Cyclone” by Calscan, Canada

Calscanhas developed The

Bear Cyclone Separator

Package

• Innovated high efficiency

Cyclone Separator

• Easy to install

• Modern non venting

control system – Zero

Green House Gas Emission

• Small foot print

• All Electric Control

System

• Low power flow computer

for gas & liquid

measurement

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GLCC AFTER FIRST STAGE COMPRESSOR

Chevron – Cymric Field, CA


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GLCC AS A GAS SCRUBBER (AMAZON

JUNGLE – BRAZIL)


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GLCC METERING SKID

(SMS INC. - OXY-ELK HILLS- CA)

Solar Battery Powered


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Courtesy

SMS, Inc.

10” Column

Multi Liquid Flow Ranges

Multi Gas Flow Ranges

10” GLCC 48 WELL HEADER


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Courtesy

SMS, Inc.

MID-GRAVITY OIL 22 TO 28 API


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Texaco GLCC Multiphase Metering Loop for Eugene Island

6” Column, total Height – 9’2”

6MMSCFD GAS – 10,000 BPD

Liquid

2000 psi, Schedule 80

Inlet – 4 inch

Gas leg – 2” (with Control Valve)

Liquid leg – 2” (with Control Valve)

Well test measurement of produced oil,

gas and water


Aera Energy has over 150 units in one field

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12’’ Column

10” Inlet

Coriolis Gas and Liquid

High Gas Rates, Low Liquid

Slug Factors Over 30

Level Control

Temperature: 120º to 250º F.


12” GLCC - Courtesy SMS,

Inc.

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10” GLCC Courtesy SMS, Inc.

10” Column

Self Leveling

1” R Meter- Gas

1” F Meter- Liquid

Auto Pump Off Control

24 Hour Continuous Data to

Host with Auto Alarm Functions


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Courtesy

SMS, Inc.DUAL GAS RUNS

Unit will Automatically

switch Gas Meters when Flow Rate exceeds Set-Point

1” R Meter- Gas

2” Vortex- Gas

2” F Meter- Liquid

Full level Control


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18’’ Column

4” Inlet

Solar Powered

2” CMF- Liquid

1” CMF- Gas

Level Control

Gas Demister Installed

Gas Scrubber, Process Gas

used for Control


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Low Gas Volumes

High Liquid Volumes

Solar Powered


GLCC removes breakout gas from water on Unocal Thailand’s Pailin Platform

Courtesy: NATCO/Cameron

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Courtesy SMS, Inc.

18” Column

24 API

Single Well

No Control Valve Required

SUBMERSIBLE WELL


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GLCC Applications

EXTERNAL PRE-SEPARATION

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GLCC© Field Applications and Control Strategies

No.

APPLICATION

CLASSES

Passiv

e C

on

tro

l S

yste

m

Liq

uid

Level

Co

ntr

ol

wit

h L

CV

On

ly

Liq

uid

Level

Co

ntr

ol

wit

h G

CV

On

ly

Hyb

rid

LC

V a

nd

GC

V L

evel

Co

ntr

ol

Pre

ssu

re C

on

tro

l w

ith

GC

V

Liq

uid

Level

Co

ntr

ol

wit

h L

CV

an

d P

ressu

re C

on

tro

l w

ith

GC

V

GV

F C

on

tro

l S

yste

m

Flo

w R

ate

Co

ntr

ol

wit

h L

CV

an

d G

CV

Pre

dic

tive C

on

tro

l o

f G

LC

C

usin

g S

lug

Dete

cti

on

GL

CC

O

pti

mal

an

d A

dap

tive

Co

ntr

ol

- M

ovin

g S

et

po

int

Wate

rcu

t C

on

tro

l S

yste

m

Dp

rati

o c

on

tro

l fo

r L

LH

C

Co

mp

osit

ion

Co

ntr

ol

Ro

bu

st

Co

ntr

ol

Wit

h

Gain

Sch

ed

uli

ng

Mo

dern

Co

ntr

ol

-

Fu

zzy L

og

ic C

on

tro

l

Inte

llig

en

t C

on

tro

l -

Art

ific

ial

Neu

ral

Netw

ork

Do

wn

Str

eam

ON

/OF

F

Pu

mp

Co

ntr

ol

GL

CC

Du

al

Inle

t C

on

tro

l

GL

CC

Vari

ab

le A

rea

Inle

t C

on

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l

1 Remote Powerless GLCC Operation X

2 Remote GLCC Operation With Power X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

3 Well Testing (Recombined Flow) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

4 Bulk Separation (Separator Stand Alone) X X X X X X X X X X X X

5 DownStream Surge Tank Control X X X

6 Separation of Wet Gas (raw Gas Lift) X X X X X X X X X X

7

Separation of Low-Medium GOR

(Liquid Dominated)X X X X X X X X X X X X

8 Separator subjected to Severe Slugging X X X X X X

9

Integrated Separation systems

- 2 Stage GLCCs X X X X X X X X

10 GLCC with Liquid Hydrocyclones X X X X X X X X X X X

11 GLCC Upstream of pumps X X X X X X X X

12 GLCC with Conventional Separators X X X X X X X X X X X X X

13 Subsea Application X X X X X X X X X X X X

14 Downhole Applications X X X X X X X

15

Non-Petroleum Application

- Liquid MeteringX X X X X X X

16

Non-Petroleum Application

- Gas MeteringX X X X X X

17 FREE WATER Knockout with LLCC X X X X X X X X X

18 GLCC/LLCC Integrated System Control X X X X X X X X X X

19 GLCC for Environmental Applications X X X X X X

20

COMPACT Multiphase Separation

System (CMSS) ControlX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

CONTROL STRATEGIES

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MPFMs (including GLCC© Loop) Testing by Saudi

Aramco in Shaybah Field in 2008

Measurements Compared to SA Testing Skid

Twenty Eight Tests Conducted; Medium to Very

High GOR

Field Testing

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Liquid: 1000-8000 BPD;

Watercut: 0-30%

Gas rate: 1- 22 MMSCFD

Gas-Oil-Ratio (GOR): 750 – 7500 SCF/BBL

Gas-Volume-Fraction (GVF): 63 – 97%

Test Conditions

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Prototype of Compact Multiphase IWS System - China



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Ref: Xiao, J.J., White, R., Wang, S., and Gomez, L.E., “Inline Water Separation

(IWS) Field Prototype Development and Testing” SPE-137967; Proceedings of

the 2010 SPE Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference,

Abu Dhabi, UAE, 1-4 Nov. 2010.

Schematic of InLine Water Separation System (IWS)

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Photograph of InLine

Water Separation

System (IWS) Installed in

the Field





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IWS Separation Efficiency and Oil in Water Concentration





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Background and Objectives Subsea separation successfully implemented on the Troll and Tordis fields (Statoil), Pazflor (Total), Marlim (Petrobras), and Perdido and BC-10 (Shell).

The objective of this work was to qualify a two-stage, compact, inline gas-liquid separation system with full turndown and slug handling capabilities, consisting of already proven components - Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) and one InLine DeLiquidiser.

Conducted by Joint Industry Project with Statoil as operator and Chevron, Petrobras, Total, and FMC Technologies as participants

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Key Conclusions

The CompactSep system combines the GLCC’s liquid capacity with the DeLiquidiser’s gas capacity. The work developed and qualified an inline separator system with full turndown and slug handling capability at a wide range of realistic conditions.

At design fluid conditions (crude oil, 50 bar): Gas qualities requirement was GVF > 0.995, with measured

result of GVF between 0.995 and 0.999. Liquid quality requirement was GVF < 0.1, with measured

results of GVF between 0.02 and 0.1 The liquid separation efficiency was typically 99 to 99.9%.

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…from this…

Before……..

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…to this !

After……..

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TUSTP Home Pagehttp://www.tustp.org

State of the Art of Compact Separators for Production ... · 2/22/2018 · Control and Measurement...

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