State Courts

Principals and Schools Principals and Schools Principals and Schools

District Office

District Superintendent

District School Board

Local School Districts

State Office of Education

Chief State School Officer

(Superintendent, Commissioner,or Secretary of State Board)

State Board of Education

Governor State Legislature

Constitution

Figure 8.1

State Administrative Organizational Structure

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Finance Personnel Curriculum Students

Functions of Local Student Boards

Figure 8.2

Functions of Local School Boards

Infrastructure

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Table 8.1

Profile of School Principals

$73,114$78,176$83,944Salary (12 month)

0.60.7 Native American

0.70.70.9 Asian American

5.85.13.8 Hispanic American

12.010.58.4 African American

80.8%83.0%85.9% White

Ethnic background

55.233.221.2 Female

44.8% 66.8% 78.8% Male

Sex

Elementary School Principals

Junior High and Middle School Principals

High School Principals

Source: U.S. Dept. of Education (© 2001) ; Williams (2002)©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

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Figure 8.3

Education Revenues from Local, State, and Federal Sources

Source: Data from National Center for Education Statistics (2002)

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Table 8.2

State-by-State Spending per Student*

$6,232Florida$7,926New Hampshire

$7,598Illinois$8,308Ohio

$6,578North Carolina$7,547Nebraska

$6,173North Dakota$6,833Texas

$7,236Washington$9,798Vermont

$4,769Utah$8,034Indiana

$7,452Virginia$8,673Pennsylvania

$9,883Massachusetts$8,611Michigan

$7,633Georgia$8,654Wisconsin

$8,280Oregon$8,160Maine

$8,742Oklahoma$8,742West Virginia

$5,235Mississippi$9,296New Jersey

StateState

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Table 8.2 (continued)

State-by-State Spending per Student*

$6,244Colorado$9,612Delaware

$5,445Arizona$5,937Alabama

$7,832Minnesota

$6,906Kansas

$6,878California$7,179South Carolina

$8,203Wyoming$7,126Iowa

$9,430Alaska$7,847Maryland

$5,470Tennessee$5,789Idaho

$6,775Hawaii$6,449Kentucky

$6,442South Dakota$5,764Arkansas

$6,270Louisiana$7,080Montana

$6,574Missouri$10,216Rhode Island

$6,134Nevada$10,725New York

$7,093New Mexico$10,517Connecticut

StateState

Source: Data from “State of the States” (2003)

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Figure 8.4

Educational Expenditures on Different District Programs

60%

5%

5%

10%

10%

10%

InstructionalFood ServicesTransportationPhysical PlantAdministrationInstructional Supports

Source: Data from Allan Odden, David Monk, Yasser Nakib, and Lawrence Picus, 1995, The Story of the Education Dollar: No Academy Awards

and No Fiscal Smoking Guns, Phi Delta Kappan, 72(2), pp. 161–168.

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