STATE ACTION PLAN- BIHAR –

FOR THE YEAR 2009-12

Department of AgricultureGovt. of Bihar

1A Presentation Before Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

Agriculture Profile of the State

2

Total geographical area of 93.60 lakh hectares

Gross sown area in the State is 79.46 lakh hectares,

Net sown area is 56.03 lakh hectares The intensity of cropping is 142%.

Bihar Agriculture: A Profile

Category Area

(Lakh ha.)

Forest 6.22

Barren & Non cultivated land

4.36

Land put to non agricultural uses

16.47

Culturable wasteland 0.46

Permanent pasture 0.17

Area under misc. crops 2.40

Other fallow 1.29

Current fallow 6.66

Net Sown Area 55.56

Total Geographical Area 93.60

41%

59%

Net Sown Area

Others

Source-Dir. Of Stat.,GOB,Year-2005-06

59% Area under cultivation

Predominance of Rice-Wheat in cropping pattern

Category Area

(Lakh ha.)

Rice 35.39

Wheat 21.62

Pulses 5.87

Oilseed 1.53

Maize 6.54

Other Corase Cereals

0.37

Total 71.32

Source-Dir. Of Stat.,GOB,Year-2007-08

Rice & Wheat covers > 80% Area under field crops

2%8%

9%

81%

Pulses

Oilseed

Maize

Others

5

Based on soil characterization, rainfall, temperature and terrain, three main agro-climatic zones in Bihar have been identified. These are: Zone – I (North West Alluvial Plain) – 36%, Zone – II (North East Alluvial Plain) - 20% Zone-III (South Bihar Alluvial Plain) – 44%

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES

Agricultural Production6

The major agricultural products of Bihar are cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cash crops.

The rice wheat cropping system occupies more than 81% of the gross cropped area.

Production of Rice in the Year 2008-09 was 54.88 lakh Metric Tonne with an Total Area under Kharif Rice being 34.55 lakh ha.

Production of Wheat in the Year 2008-09 was 53.25 lakh Metric Tonne with an Total Area under being 22.36 lakh ha.

Agricultural Production7

Wheat production in the state is suffering with the problems of delayed sowing, increase in cost of production due to rise in

cost of petroleum oil, lack of small duration varieties which can be

appropriately tailored into rice-wheat system and

aberrations in weather conditions.

Maize – A Success Story8

As compared to national average production of Maize is increasing in the state.

Productivity of Maize in Bihar (2541 kg/ha in 2006-07) is greater than that of All-India (1907 kg/ha).

This crop is now replacing upland rice in Kharif season and wheat in Rabi season.

Autumn maize has 42 to 43 per cent of area under the crop, Rabi maize has 31 to 32 per cent and summer maize 25 to 26 per cent. Autumn maize contributes only 30 to 31 per cent of the total

production, Summer maize has a share of 29 to 30 per cent. Rabi maize has better yield rate and produces nearly 40 to 41 per

cent of the crop in the state, and is now replacing upland rice in Kharif season and wheat in rabi season.

With rich water resources and available irrigation in the winter and summer season, irrigated area under maize increased and so did the yields.

Both traditional and hybrid maize are grown in all the three seasons.

Pulses & Oilseeds9

Productivity of Pulses, in the state is greater than All-India. In the year 2006-07 , in case of Bihar it is 735 kg/ha while in case of India it is 616 kg/ha.

Gram, Tur and Lentil are the major pulses grown in the State.

Oilseeds cover less than 2 per cent of the gross cropped area of the state.

The state’s position in the country in area and production is insignificant being less than 1 per cent each.

Rapeseed and mustard is the major oilseeds crop in the state followed by linseed

Sugarcane10

Among commercial crops, sugarcane is an important crop in the state.

The state’s share in the country’s production is 4 to 4.5 percent and ranks 10th among the sugarcane producing states.

Sugarcane production and sugar industry hold great potential in Bihar.

Production as well as productivity both increased between the period 2000-01 and 2006-07.

In 2000-01 production was 3987.6 thousand tones and productivity being 42,648 kg/ha , while in case of all India the same is 295956.2 thousand tones and 68577 kg/ha.

In 2006-07, in Bihar, production has increased to 4249.0 thousand tones and productivity has increased to 41252 kg/ha , while in case of India production and productivity has increased to 283404 thousand tones and 64615 kg/ha. respectively.

Area under sugarcane cultivation has also increased considerably in the State.

HORTICULTURE11

The agro-climatic conditions are eminently suitable for whole range of vegetables; a variety of roots and tubers crops; perennial fruit crops like mango, litchi, guava, and

limes; annual fruit crops like banana, pineapple and papaya

and spices like ginger, turmeric and chilly, of late, floriculture is also showing excellent prospects. • The state thus has possibilities for growing a

diversified basket of vegetables, fruits, spices, tubers and flowers and medicinal and aromatic plants.

HORTICULTURE12

Horticulture (Fruits, (Mango, Litchi, Guava, Pineapple, Citrus, Banana, Papaya and Ber) vegetables including tuber and mushroom, spices, honey, medicinal and aromatic plants) occupies 15 per cent of land area.

The state has monopoly in production of litchi and makhana and continue to grow various fruits, vegetables & spices.

FRUITS13

Major fruits grown in the state are: Mango, Litchi, Guava, Pineapple, Citrus, Banana, Papaya and Ber. Mango is grown all over the state, main growing

areas are Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Sitamarhi, Patna and West Champaran.

Litchi is mainly grown in Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, East and West Champaran and Darbhanga of North Bihar region.

Pineapple is grown in north- eastern part of the state particularly in Kishanganj, Purnea, Araria, Katihar and Saharsa districts.

VEGETABLES14

Bihar ranks 3rd in vegetable production in the country

Produces a variety of traditional and non-traditional vegetables.

However, it lacks the basic infrastructure for storage, packaging, transportation, organized marketing system and post harvest handling facilities.

Seed is the most important input which influences the output of vegetables crops.

Vegetable production programme could be strengthened only if its seed production programme is strengthened.

SPICES15

A variety of spices are produced in Bihar. At present Bihar produces about 20 thousand

tonnes of spices annually from an area of nearly 15, 081 ha.

The important spices are Ginger, Turmeric, Chilly, Coriander, and Garlic.

Chilli accounts for 47.6 percent of the area under spices and 39.5 per cent of the production followed by turmeric, which occupies 26.3 per cent of the area under spices and accounts for 36.4 per cent of the production in the state.

FLORICULTURE16

The area under loose flower production in the year 2001–02 was 44 ha which has increased to 95 ha in the year 2002-03.

The production has reached to 1757 MT. in the year 2002-03.

During the year 2004-05 the production of flowers increased tremendously after the adoption of Field Demonstration/ Training programmes in the state under Macro mode Management / NHM / National Horticulture Board sponsored programme.

APICULTURE17

Bihar is one of the leading honey producing states in India.

The main regions in which beekeeping are done are the districts of Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, East & West Champaran, Madhepura, Katihar and Begusarai.

Approximately 3,900 MT of honey was produced in the state out of the total country’s production of 8,400 MT in 2002.

Bihar is the only state producing litchi honey on commercial scale.

The processing industry has not kept pace with the increase in beekeeping in the state with no large processing unit within the state. There are a handful of processing units in the organised sector with most of the processing happening in the unorganised sector.

PLANTATION CROPS18

Among the plantation crops, coconut has expanded to about 10,000 ha in north Bihar. Tea plantation has also come up in Kishanganj and adjoining district.

FRUITS & VEGETABLE PROCESSING

19

There are little fruit and vegetable processing units in the state.

The industry estimates that only about 2–3 per cent of the total produce is processed.

Farm level pre-processing facilities critical to preserve quality and prevent temperature shocks immediately after harvest such as pre-cooling facilities, cooling facilities, collection centers, grading and sorting systems, washing and cleaning facilities and pack houses, etc., are absent. Warehousing and storage system for fruits and vegetables are absent except for potatoes and a few for onions.

The entire produce after harvest is immediately transported to the markets within and outside state and some to the fruit processing units.

20

Agriculture productivity was much better compared to other state in fifties which is now much below the national average. In last two years, this has been an appreciable growth, due to improved seeds, technologies and inputs, but miles have to go to achieve responsive agriculture.

Constraints21

This would need infrastructure, technology and inputs. R&D has to play a vital role. There is an inequitable distribution of water for irrigation,

inadequate number of shallow tube-wells, ineffective use of rain water, and lack of conjunctive use of different irrigation waters are the issues of concern.

Moreover, the Tal and Diara lands can only be irrigated by overhead sprinklers, but the farmers in Bihar do not own overhead sprinklers on account of their poor economic status.

The quantity and quality of the use of inputs, such as fertilizers and seeds in the State is also far below the desired level.

The highly unsatisfactory status of availability of quality seed (seeds & quality planting material) to the farmers is one of the most serious concerns in Bihar.

Irrigation22

Bihar has 45.67 lakh hectares of irrigated area against its total geographical area of 93.6 lakh hectares.

While created irrigation capacity of 45.67 lakh hectare means that around 49 per cent of total area is irrigated.

The percentage of irrigated area varies greatly across different regions/districts, from a low of 16 percent (in Jamui) to around 86 percent (in Sheikhpura).

Credit Support23

Institutional support in terms of hassle-free, timely and adequate credit and agricultural insurance is equally much below the requirement.

STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR FOR BALANCE PERIOD OF XIth FIVE YEAR PLAN

24

In order to achieve major objectives of increasing the farm income, while assuring food and nutritional security and enhancing agricultural growth with justice, a series of programmes are planned covering all aspects of agriculture, from inputs to marketing of final products.

They fall into Five major groups: Inputs, access, supply and quality. Transfer of technology and extension. Income generation schemes. Marketing. Capacity Building & Institutional Development

INPUTS - SEEDS25

Considering very low levels of seed replacement rate, it is proposed to continue with a crash programme in introducing new varieties of seeds in the Bihar villages.

Production of certified seeds shall be through seed village programmes.

Distribution of substantial quantities of quality seeds at subsidized rates,

Foundation seeds will have to be produced at government farms and university/KVKs,

Substantial seed processing capacity is proposed to be created in Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam.

Bihar State Seed Certification Agency will also be strengthened to meet certification requirement of a large number of farmers.

INPUTS - SEEDS26

Similar to field crops, programmes are also planned for increasing availability of quality planting materials and vegetable seed production.

A special programme for potato seed production is envisaged.

For the expanding needs of sugarcane industry, a special seed distribution programme through sugar factories also forms part of this plan of action.

Tissue culture laboratories for banana and sugar cane are also planned for meeting increasing demand.

INPUTS – FERTILIZERS27

Recognizing the importance of chemical fertilizer in increasing productivity.

Lack of assured availability of these fertilizers, the action plan proposes the State to play a more direct role in import of phosphatic and potassic fertilizers.

Taking note of constraints in supply of these fertilizers, the strategy is to initiate for a massive programme for vermi-compost and green manures.

The programmes are also designed to ensure supply of boron, zinc, gypsum and pyrites at subsidized rates, wherever soil conditions so require.

Another crucial input in the pesticides. A programme for rejuvenating existing, plant protection centres forms a part of the action plan.

QUALITY ASPECT OF INPUTS28

Soil testing laboratories will be constructed in all the blocks.

At district level, the soil testing laboratories will also have seed testing wing.

Apart from soil and seed testing laboratories, bio-control laboratories (for rearing natural defenders of crops), pesticide and fertilizer laboratories are also planned.

FARM MECHANIZATION29

Adoption of farm mechanisation is lagging in Bihar.

The Tractor density in the state is also low at 4.93 tractors /1000 ha as against 56.20 tractors/1000 ha in Punjab and 12.2 tractors/ 1000 ha in Uttar Pradesh.

Presently only 11.24 per cent of the total power requirement for farms is estimated to be met from the available tractors in the State.

Considerable potential exists for other farm equipments like power tillers etc since 80 per cent of the total land holdings belong to small and marginal farmers who cannot afford tractors.

The potential for other agricultural implements is very high, considering the present status of mechanised farming activities.

INCOME GENERATION SCHEMES

30

The Strategy to increase the income of the farmers, integrated farming models prepared by ICAR and Rajendra Agriculture University are proposed to be implemented.

The objective is to maximize farm-income through convergence of schemes like dairy, fisheries, horticulture, poultry and duck rearing and crop husbandry ideally on a one-acre.

CAPACITY BUILDING AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT31

The proposed programme of action calls for rejuvenation of extension machinery.

Revamping of Agriculture Department and capacity building of its personnel form an important part of the Strategy.

Ambitious market infrastructure programme also calls for an institutional mechanism to oversee developmental activities and for asset management.

By repealing Agriculture Produce Market Committee Act, Bihar has ushered in a new era of market reforms. The action plan recognizes that such a situation calls for a major programme of capacity building of both the farmers and governmental staff.

CROP DEVELOPMENT32

Thrust Crops Identified for Intervention: Field Crops: Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Arhar,

Gram, Lentil, Moong, Pea, Rapeseed/Mustard, Linseed, and Sugarcane.

Horticultural Fruit Crops: Mango, litchi, Guava, Banana, Aonla

Vegetables: Brinjal, Tomato, Okra, Onion, Pea, Potato and Drumstick

ACTION PLAN FOR CROP DEVELOPMENT – SEED PLAN(CRASH SEED PLAN)33

Sl. No.

Crop Quantity of seed to be distributed /farmer (kg)

Annual Seed Requirement (in

Qtls)1 Wheat 20.0 18193.6

2 Rice 6.0 5458.1

3 Maize 4.0 1819.3

4 Arhar 2.0 1819.4

5 Gram 8.0 5404.0

6 Lentil 4.0 3189.4

7 Moong 3.0 1160.6

8 Rai/ Sarson/ Toria

1.0 454.8

9 Linseed 2.0 1562.2

FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR CRASH SEED PLAN

(Rs. In Lakhs)34

Category of seed

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Breeder seed 80.784 90.212 100.34 271.336

Subsidy on foundation seed

707.97 707.97 707.97 2123.91

Total 788.75 798.18 808.31 2395.2

Foundation Seed Production in State Farms

35

Production of foundation seeds for the crash programme and seed village scheme and for the certified seed production through farmers, will be produced in the rejuvenated state farms.

Breeder seed: Breeder seed procured from the ICAR/SAU institutions for the seed production programme will be multiplied into foundation seed at the seed multiplication farms.

FINANCIAL IMPLICATION FOR FOUNDATION SEED PROGRAMME (Rs. In Lakhs)

36

Item 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Towards cost of breeder seed

60 60 60 180

Expenses for foundation seed production

630 630 630 1890

Total 690 690 690 2070

Seed Village Programme37

Sl. No. 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

No. of seed village

1076 1614 2152 4842

Total area put under Seed production (ha) in Beej Gram

10760 16140 21520 48420

One seed village will be identified in each block in the beginning of crop season. The scheme proposes to achieve following objectives:

Availability of good quality seed at local level and at reasonable price.Need based seed production will lead to the availability of improved seed of recommended varieties for the area.Seeds at relatively cheaper rate will decrease the cost of cultivation.Additional income by selling the seeds will attract other farmers towards seed production which will generate self employment.

FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR SEED VILLAGE PROGRAMME (Rs. In Lakhs)38

Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Financial requirements

306 514 774 1594

Distribution of Quality Seeds - Physical and Financial requirements39

Item/Years 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Physical target

6.5 7 7.5 21

(In lakh qtls. for all crops)

Financial requirement

4000 4300 4600 12900.00

(Rs. Lakh)

Strengthening Seed Infrastructure - Stepping up of processing and certification facilities40

Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam (BRBN): A scheme for infrastructural development for processing, storage and its marketing. BRBN will be supported for establishment of seed processing plants and storage godowns at different places across the state.

Bihar State Seed Certification Agency (BSSCA): The Agency has the responsibility to ensure the quality standards of the seed produced within the State, and to realize that objective, BSSCA will be strengthened.

Seed Multiplication Farms (S.M. Farms): Seed Multiplication Farms have now been rejuvenated. Foundation seed requirement for the various seed production programme will be met by these S.M. farms. Therefore, they need to be equipped with all the necessary facilities required for successful seed production. As protective measure, construction of boundary walls of SMFs will be an important feature.

Fully Mechanized Agricultural Farm (MAF): Largest farm in the State, the Purnia farm, will be fully mechanized for large scale seed multiplication. It will also have demonstrative effect on the benefits of mechanization for seed production.

FINANCIAL OUTLAY(Rs. In Lakhs)

41

Item/Years

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

BRBN 500 500 - 1000

BSSCA 50 50 - 100

S.M. Farms

660 660 660 1980

MAF - - -  

Total 1210 1210 660 3080

HORTICULTURE PLANTING MATERIALS

42

To utilize waste and unproductive land by cultivating nutritious and remunerative fruit crops.

Targets for new plantations are Mango: 15500 ha Litchi: 4500 ha Guava: 4500 ha Aonla: 4000 ha Banana: 10000 ha

Physical Requirement of Planting Material

43

Sl No.

Fruit Crop 

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total1 Mango

425000 425000 425000 12750002 Litchi

112500 112500 112500 3375003 Guava

312750 312750 312750 9382504 Banana (Tissue

culture + Suckers) 106.24 106.24 106.24 318.72

5 Anola156000 156000 156000 468000

   1006356 1006356 1006356 3019068

Financial Requirement of Planting Material (Rs. In Lakhs)

44

Sl No.

Fruit Crops2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

1 Mango171.25 171.25 171.25 513.75

2 Litchi28.125 28.125 28.125 84.375

3 Guava62.55 62.55 62.55 187.65

4 Banana (Tissue culture + Suckers) 690.56 690.56 690.56 2071.68

5 Anola31.2 31.2 31.2 93.6

  Total983.685 983.685 983.685 2951.06

Vegetable Crop45

Vegetable crops identified for the programme: Brinjal, Tomato, Okra, Onion, Pea, Drumstick and,

Potato. Strategy: Sixty percent of foundation seed will be

produced in different departmental farms under Directorate of Horticulture and forty percent of foundation seed will be produced at RAU farms including KVKs .

The programme is similar to the crash programme in the field crops. Foundation seed at 50% cost will be made available to the farmers

Physical and Financial Requirements

46

 Vegetable Crop

Type of Seed Seed requirement

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12Brinjal Breeder 35.00 g 45.00 g 50.00 g

Foundation 13.50 kg 16.80 kg 20.00 kgCertified 53.80 q 672.00 q 80.70 q

Tomato Breeder 115.00 g 150.00 g 170.00 gFoundation 23.00 kg 29.00 kg 34.00 kgCertified 46.00 q 57.50 q 69.00 q

Okra Breeder 18.00 q 21.96 q 26.36 qFoundation 140.00q 175.00 q 210.90 qCertified 1124.80 q 1406.00 q 1687.20 q

Onion Breeder 10.00 kg 13.00 kg 16.00 kgFoundation 10.00 q 125.00 q 16.00 qCertified 997.00 q 1246.00 q 1496.00q

Pea Breeder 38.00 q 47.00 q 48.00 gFoundation 303.00 q 379.00 q 454.00 qCertified 2425.00 q 3031.00 q 3636.00 q

Drumstick Rooted plants to be distributed

27000 2700 27000

Total financial Requirement (Rs. lakh)

186.04 239.43 280.57

POTATO SEED PRODUCTION47

Breeder Seed (B/S) will be made available from the Central Potato Research Institutes, ICAR.

Foundation Seed Stage I (F/S I) will be produced in 30KVK’s under RAU, Bihar, Pusa, Samastipur and Department of Agriculture in different farms.

Total land available under RAU and Department of Agriculture farm will be about 250 ha, in which 150 ha will be provided by RAU and 100 ha. will be made available by Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Bihar.

For production of Foundation Seed Stage II (F/S II) and certified seed it is proposed that progressive farmers, farmer Co-operatives and the potential agencies should be entrusted.

For multiplication as certified seed, a farmer will be received 5 quintals of foundation seed for 0.5 acre area at 50% cost.

Physical and Financial Requirement for Potato Seed Production

48

Vegetable Crop

Type of Seed

Seed requirement (In tons)

2009-10 2010-11

2011-12

Potato F/S-II 15625 15625 15625

F/S-I 3125 3125 3125

B/S 625 625 625

Financial Requirement (Rs. lakh)

547.5 598.125 653.75

Sugarcane49

Sugarcane seed is to be supplied by the sugar factories from their farms.

Promising varieties grown in 12 districts of Bihar are CoP 9301, CoS 96268, CoS 767, BO 139, UP 9530 and BO 147.

The indent of seed will be submitted by the concerned sugar factories to the seed supplying agencies by end of August each year with information to Cane Industry Department and S.R.I., Pusa.

Factory will provide the list of villages and name of the farmers to the Cane Industry Department by the end of July each year along with variety wise seed requirement and source of availability. The cost of seed alongwith transportation cost will be paid by Cane Industry Department to the concerned sugar factories.

Factory wise seed requirement for factories in Bihar

50

Sl. No. Name of the Factory Total no. of villages

Seed requirement

(in Qtls)1. Bagaha 261 9396

2. Harinagar 369 13284

3. Narkatiaganj 436 15696

4. Majhaulia 359 12984

5. Sidhwalia 536 19296

6. Gopalganj 1935 62460

7. Sasmusa 422 15192

8. Hasanpur 484 17424

9. 835 30060

Total 5637 195792

Financial Requirement51

Sl No.

Items Financial Requirement

(Rs. lakh)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total1 Seed @ Rs 150 q 293.7 293.7 293.7 881.1

2 Transportation & Distribution @ Rs. 100@Qtl 195.8 195.8 195.8

587.4

3 Input cost @ Rs. 3000/ farmers 978.66 978.66 978.66

2935.98

4 Preparation of leaflets 2.5 2.5 2.5 7.5

5 Misc Items 5 5 5 15

  Total 1475.66 1475.661475.66 4426.98

Tissue Culture Laboratory

52

Tissue Culture plants revoultionized Banana cultivation in India and across the world. Considering the demand, banana and sugarcane are proposed to be multiplied through tissue culture.

Four tissue culture laboratories are proposed to be established in next four years in University/KVK/ Department or in PPP mode. The capacity of this laboratory will be five lakh plants per year.

The total establishment cost of one laboratory will be 150 lakh. Accordingly one laboratory per year will be established with total cost of Rs.600 lakh.

SOIL HEALTH MANAGEMENT53

The main issues in soil health management in Bihar are: Continuous use of fertilizer N and/alone or with

inadequate P and K application leading to mining of native soil P and K and distortion in the N:P:K ratio.

Continued practice of intensive cropping system like rice-wheat with high yielding varieties even under recommended N:P:K use, impoverishing soils of micronutrients.

Use of high analysis fertilizer and inadequate addition of organic manures resulting in wide spread deficiencies of micronutrients.

Fertilizer application mostly not based on soil-test values.

Inadequate availability of appropriate kind of fertilizers at the right time.

Low status of soil organic carbon.

STRATEGY54

To attain N:P:K ratio of 4:2:1. To promote integrated nutrient

management. To enhance the soil productivity. To improve the physical condition of soil. To increase fertilizer use efficiency. To promote application of balanced

nutrients on the basis of soil test to achieve targeted yield.

Projection of Fertilizer Consumption in the next 3 years

(In MT.)55

Year Urea DAP NPK MOP SSP Total

2009-10 2050000 400000 250000 140000 700002910000

2010-11 2150000 430000 270000 151000 76000 3077000

2011-12 2350000 500000 290000 163000 82000 3385000

56

With increased prices of naptha and ammonia in the international market, scarcity of phosphatic and potassic fertilizer was acutely felt in the last two seasons. \

The reasons are, that the fertilizer companies had withdrawn from supplying of imported phosphatic and potassic fertilizers on their own.

Government of India had asked the State Governments to directly import the fertilizers.

The situation calls for identification of an agency to import and supply phosphatic and potassic fertilizer in order to maintain steady supply of fertilizers.

Further, the State Government will have to bear the cost of storage, handling, transport and other charges incidental to fertilizer trade.

Financial Statement57

YearOverhead/transportation

etc. (Rs. In Lakhs )

2009-10 1500.00

2010-11 1000.00

2011-121000.00

Total3500.00

Vermi/NADEP Compost58

An ambitious bio-fertilizer programme is visualized through vermi and NADEP compost.

A scheme of subsidizing vermi compost production in the State is already being implemented. It is proposed to substantially increase the coverage.

Physical and Financial Requirement

59

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Physical (No.) 18000 24000 24000 66000

Financial requirement (Rs. Lakh)

5400 7200 7200 19800

Integrated Nutrient Management

60

To add and revive the soil fertility of the farm application of bio- fertilizer is required.

Bio-fertilizers i.e. Blue- Green algae & azolla in the Rice and azotobacter, PSB, VAM, green manuring etc. may be promoted among the farmers on subsidy @ Rs. 500.00/hectare.

Physical and Financial Requirement

61

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Physical (area in lakh

ha.)

2 3 4 9

Financial requirement (Rs. Lakh)

1000 1500 2000 4500

Distribution of Micronutrients

62

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Physical 3 4 5 12

(area in lakh ha.)Fund (Rs. Lakh)

1500 2000 2500 6000

To replenish the deficiency of soil micronutrients namely Zinc, boron etc. an assistance @ 50% of the cost of the micronutrients (maximum Rs. 500.00 /hect.) is proposed to be given to the farmers.

Application of Gypsum/Pyrites

63

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Physical (area in lakh ha.)

3 3.5 4 10.5

Financial requirement (Rs. Lakh)

1500 1750 2000 5250

Soil survey done by Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa has identified 24 districts having soil with alkaline reaction and 3 districts having acidic reaction. Farmers of these districts will be incentivised to use gypsum and pyrites to correct the soil reaction and physical condition of the soil. Farmers will be extended an assistance @ Rs. 500/hac.

CROP PROTECTION – Plant Protection Centres

64

Items/Year 2009-

10

2010-11 2011-12 Total

Financial

requirement

(Rs. In Lakhs )

1650.0

1650.0 3300.00

•At present the P.P. centres numbering 324 are proposed to be operationalized through PPP mode. •There is a need for covering all the blocks of the State. •These centres will also be used for distributing bio-origin pesticides at subsidized rates to farmers.

Strengthening of Soil Health Infrastructure: Soil Testing Laboratory65

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 TotalSoil testing lab. At block level

165 165 330

(in number)    Establishment cost (Rs. Lakh)

2475.00 2475.00 4950.00

Recurring expenditure (Rs. Lakh)

453.75 453.75 1361.25

Financial requirement (Rs. Lakh)

2943.75 2943.75 5887.5

Soil analysis of the farmer’s field is the most important tool for making a micro-farm plan. The knowledge of pH, E.C., availability of essential nutrients, water holding capacity etc. of the soil helps to application of judicious use of fertilizer, bio- fertilizer, soil amendment etc. which ultimately give the maximum return on per unit cost of basic inputs.

Phyto-Sanitory Laboratory

66

Export of goods of agriculture produce needs Phyto-sanitized. Existing Phyto-sanitory Lab are proposed to be further strengthened.

Fund required for the Phyto-sanitory Labs in 2009-10- Rs 50.00 Lakh.

Quality Control & Bio Control Laboratories

67

Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Financial

requirement (Rs.

In Lakhs )

1051.45 564.00 129.00 1744.45

• Approximately 22 lakh MT inorganic fertilizer and 950 MT of chemical pesticides are consumed every year through the dealer network of approximately 10,000 outlets in the state of Bihar. Apart from these, consumption of organic and bio-fertilizer as well as bio-pesticide is also becoming very popular. •To ensure good quality availability of fertilizer and pesticide and production of bio agents it is proposed to establish three new fertilizer cum pesticide testing laboratories and six bio-control lab as well as strengthening of existing State level fertilizer and pesticide quality control lab. • The proposed increase in the capacity of fertilizer sample analysis is 12000 samples per year and 3500 samples of pesticides which is presently 2500 of fertilizer and 500 of Pesticides samples

FARM MECHANIZATION68

To introduce improved implements and machines for different agricultural practices the strategy is to distribute farm implements on subsidized cost.

It is proposed to give 50% subsidy on power tiller, zero till machine, rotavator, combine harvester, paddy transplanter, conoweeder, reaper, sugarcane cutter planter, land leveller and other modern and improved implements.

For tractor and some specified instrument subsidy will be 25%.

Agricultural implements workshop established at Patna, Ara, Purnea, Muzaffarpur for repair of farm implements and also for the training of the extension officers are in a dilapidated condition. The renovation work will involve repair of building infrastructure and purchase of new equipment.

Financial Requirement for Farm Mechanization (Rs. In Lakhs)

69

Sl. No.

Component Year Total2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1Subsidy on implements

8800 9000 10000 27800

2Renovation of workshop

50 - - 50

2A. Purchase of Implements for workshops

70     70

  Total 8920 9000 10000 27920

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AND EXTENSION70

Important components of transfer of technology: It is proposed to establish 'schools', in farmer's

fields. Farmers will be tutored on prescribed farming practices by trained personnel in their fields.

Demonstration of various technologies and Exposure visits of farmers to other states. The flagship scheme of agricultural extension of the

state, the Kisan Samman Yojana, would be further strengthened ,

At block level, use of I.T. in agriculture is proposed to be enhanced through establishment of e-kisan bhavans, which will also have soil-testing laboratories, farmer information centre etc.

Award to Progressive Farmers Officers’ training at Rajendra Agriculture University,

Pusa

The Physical Programme for Transfer of Technologies

71

Sl No.

Component Year Total2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1. Farmers filed school 3000 4000 5000 120002. Farmers training on Crop production 6000 8000 8471 22471

2.A Farmers training on Farm mechanization

2000 2000 2000 6000

3. Demonstration on 3A Seed Production technology 8000 10000 10000 280003 B Integrated Nutrient Management 8471 8471 8471 254133 C. Demonstration on Crop Production 25413 33884 42355 1016523 D. Demonstration on 3000 3000 3000 90003 E Demonstration on Hybrid Rice 10000 10000 10000 300004. Exposure Visit 1200 1400 1600 42005. Officers Training 200 300 300 800

5 A. Training of facilitators 1000 1200 1200 3400

6 Kisan Samman Yojna 10690 10690 10690 32070

Financial Requirement for Transfer of Technology’s (Rs. In Lakhs)72

Sl No.

Component Year Total2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1. Farmers field school 1160.25 1160.25 1160.25 3480.752. Farmers training on crop

production 300 400 423.55 1123.55

2A Farmers training on Farm mechanization

100 100 100 300

3. Demonstration on 3A Seed Production technology 250 250 250 7503 B Integrated Nutrient Management 423.55 423.55 423.55 1270.653 C. Demonstration on Crop

Production 508.26 677.68 847.1 2033.04

3 D. Demonstration on 60 60 60 1803 E Demonstration on Hybrid Rice 250 250 250 7504. Exposure Visit 600 700 800 21005. Officers Training 2 3 3 8

5A. Training of facilitators 10 12 12 346 Kisan Samman Yojna 619 619 619 1857

Total 4283.06 4655.48 4948.45 13886.99

73

This strategy for agriculture extension with time-bound targets would require an efficient administrative delivery system.

Panchayat Level Presence: Taking into account the population of farmers, for effective extension work, should be deployed at Panchayat level.

Block Level: To execute the different programmes effectively an establishment of separate Block Agriculture Development Officer along with subordinate Agriculture officers depending on the no of Panchayats in the Block to be set up.

All Block Agriculture Development officers will operate under the direct control of the District Agriculture officers. District Agriculture officer in the district should be assisted by expert officers in different fields.

As short-term measures, to meet the personnel needs of extension work para-extension workers is proposed to be deployed through ATMA. An honorarium of Rs. 5000 per month is proposed to be given to these workers.

AGRICULTURE EXTENSION

FINANCIAL IMPLICATION FOR PARA EXTENSION WORKERS

74

Items/Year 2009-10 20011-12 Total

Financial requirement ( Rs. In Lakhs)

5082.60 5082.60 10165.20

E- Kisan Bhavan75

For each block headquarters, a Kisan Bhawan is visualized that would work as Farmer Information and advisory Centre. Soil testing lab Training centre. Dormitory for farmers Plant protection centre. I.T. and market intelligence centre. Agriculture Machinery bank for custom-hiring. Weather information Administration wing (BADO’s ) office.

PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL IMPLICATION FOR E- KISAN BHAVAN76

Items/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

E-Kisan Bhawan(in number)

166 165 165 496

E-Kisan Bhawan(Rs. lakh)

4843.50 4125.00 4125.00 13093.50

INTEGRATED FARMING MODEL

77

Sl. No.

Item 2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012

Total

1. Area under Integrated farming(Acres)

50000 100000 150000 300000

2. Financial requirement (Rs. In Lakhs)

150.00 300.00 450.00 900.00

•Indian Council of Agricultural Research has developed a one acre model of Integrated Farming Model which on adoption ensures higher income to farmers. This model is based on farming system approach which incorporates different enterprises viz. crop production, animal rearing and fisheries.•Integrated Farming ensures optimal utilization of resources as the waste of one enterprise becomes a useful input for the other enterprise. Therefore the cattle dung is used as the fertilizing material for fish pond and for the crop production.•Bihar agriculture which is predominantly small farm agriculture offers huge promise for increasing the income of farmers.•In order to popularize the model it is proposed to incentives farmers for its adoption. For one acre a support of Rs. 3000 is proposed .

SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES

IN RAINFED AREAS78

Priority is to be given to the holistic and sustainable development of rainfed areas based on watershed approach. For development of these rainfed areas programmes like construction of Water harvesting structure, Earthen Check Dam are to be taken besides dry land horticulture and agro forestry activities.

Construction of Water Harvesting Structures: At the rate of Rs. 1.00 lakh per structure, 2200 water harvesting structures are proposed to be constructed.

Silt Detention Dams: Dams are essential to prevent siltation of water bodies. At the rate of Rs. 91,300.00 per structure, 1108 structures are proposed to be constructed.

Earthen Check Dam: At a unit cost of Rs. 12,300.00 per structure, 5280 structures are proposed to be constructed.

Dryland Horticulture and Agro-forestry: At Rs. 15,000.00 per hectare, about 4000 hectares of degraded land is proposed to be brought under this scheme.

Physical Targets79

Sl. Items 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

No.

1 Water harvesting tanks (structure)

600 600 400 1600

2 Silt detention dams (structure)

300 260 248 808

3 Earthen Check dam (structure)

1320 1320 1320 3960

4 Dry land horticulture (Hectare)

520 524 520 1564

5 Agro-forestry (Hectare) 480 480 480 1440

Financial Requirements80

Sl.No.

Items Financial requirement (Rs. Lakh)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

1 Water harvesting tanks (structure)

600 600 400 1600

2 Silt detention dams (structure)

273.9 237.38 226.42 737.7

3 Earthen Check dam (structure)

162.36 162.36 162.36 487.08

4 Dry land horticulture (Hectare)

78 78.6 78 234.6

5 Agro-forestry 72 72 72 216

  Total 1186.26 1150.34 938.78 3275.38

MICRO IRRIGATION(Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation System) 81

It is envisaged to bring an area of 2,00,000 ha under drip and sprinkle irrigation systems covering 534 blocks in 38 districts involving a total project cost of Rs 708 crores. This will empower the farmers with improved technological package including new growing methods, irrigation, fertigation & crop management practices to overcome (or mitigate) the misery under unpredictable agricultural and diverse agricultural conditions.

Use of sprinkler and drip systems will depend on crop suitability. Initially it is planned to cover one lakh ha each under sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.

To impart pre & post harvest technological practices to farmers so as to grow and produce quality fresh agricultural commodities to meet international standards consequently stretching the market base in addition to the domestic local markets.

Subsidy by the Central & State Government

82

General Farmers (Small/ Marginal/ SC/ ST/ Women): 70%

Maximum amount of subsidy to be paid to a farmer, as under Sprinkler Irrigation System: Max area of 5 ha

and financial assistance of up to Rs 50,000. Drip Irrigation and Micro Sprinklers: Max area

of 4 ha or Rs 2,00,000.00 In case the farmer installs both sprinkler and

drip irrigation systems at his farm the max amount of subsidy should be Rs 2,50,000 subject to area limits prescribed above.

Area Planned Under Different Sectors: (Drip Irrigation Systems)(Ammount Rs. In Lakhs)

83

Drip Irrigation

system

Area

(Ha)

Estima

ted

cost

per ha.

( )

Subsidy

Farmer

s'

share

Total

estima

ted

system

cost

( )

GoI

share

(40%)

Prese

nt

State

Share

(20%)

Additio

nal

State

share

(10%)

Total

Mango, Litchi,

Guava80,000*

0.35 28000 11200 5600 2800 19600 8400

Banana 8,000* 0.90 7200 2880 1440 720 5040 2160

Vegetables 10,000* 1.30 13000 5200 2600 1300 9100 3900

Sugarcane 1,500** 0.90 1350 540 270 135 945 405

Flower culture 500* 1.40 700 280 140 70 490 210

Total 100,00050,250

20,10

0

10,05

0 5,025 35,175 15,075

Area planned Under Sprinkler/Rain Gun/Rain Pot Irrigation System84

Sprinkle

r/rain

pot/

rain gun

Area

(Ha)

Estimate

d cost

per ha.

( Rs. In

Lakh)

Total

estimate

d

system

cost

( Rs. In

Lakh)

Subsidy Farmers'

shareGoI

share

(40%)

Present

State

Share

(20%)

Addition

al State

Share

(10%)

Total

Vegetabl

es

4,000 0.35 1400 560 280 140 980 420

Potato 10,000 0.35 3500 1400 700 350 2450 1050

Sugarcan

e

1,000 0.35 350 140 70 35 245 105

Agricultur

al crops

85000 0.18 15300 6120 3060 1530 10710 4590

Total 100,000 20550 8220 4110 2055 14385 6165

FINANCIAL OUTLAY85

Total Project cost : Rs. 708.00 Crores Proposed Financial assistance: Rs. 495.60 Crores.

Area Planned in the project : 2.0 lakh hectares.

AGRICULTURE MARKETING DEVELOPMENT

86

In 2006 Bihar Agricultural Produce Marketing Act, 1960, was repealed.

From the time Bihar Agriculture Produce Market (Repeal) Act 2006 became effective, the Government of Bihar has been engaged in devising ways and means to address the issues of ensuring that a larger share of the final price goes to the farmer in the State.

This Strategic Plan proposes comprehensive development of agricultural markets from farms to state of art terminal markets.

Agricultural Market Development Programme

87

At the apex of the marketing system in Bihar, there will be Model Terminal Markets (MTM) that would be linked with Agri-Business Centres (ABCs), Rural Hats (RHs) and On Farm Primary Processing Centres (OFPPCs). The ABCs, RHs and OFPPCs will be directly marketing agricultural produce but will also have the option of linking farmers with the MTMs in the area.

The comprehensive market infrastructure scheme also propose to make optimum utilization of the assets of the erstwhile “Bihar State Agricultural Marketing Board”. Which has a total of 1324 acres of land in 95 markets of Bihar, out of which 54 have developed infrastructure on them, and were being used extensively.

Modern Terminal Market88

Processes leading to establishment of a MTM near Patna are under progress.

MTMs in the State may be set up at Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Bhagalpur and Gaya Divisions.

The market will be equipped with cool chain, electronic grading, electronic auction, ripening chambers, colour vision system, quality station, spot commodity trading, laboratory for testing and certification, banking support, cash spot payment through ATMs to the growers, information kiosk and one-stop shopping for inputs, agri-clinic and extension services.

The MTM will be supported by Collection Centres and would also have adequate backward and forward linkages with the producers as well as the consumers.

Looking at the proposed facilities at other MTM locations and investment proposed would be around Rs. 100 crore per MTM

Agri Business Centres 89

In order to the development of organisational capabilities and infrastructure facilities to raise farm incomes, ‘Agri Business Centres’ (ABCs) will be promoted in important production belts of Bihar which are expected to become central point for forward and backward linkages in the value chains.

The ABCs will be equipped with infrastructure according to the requirements of target produce and shall undertake various post harvest treatments to enhance shelf life, segregation of various grades, primary processing, packing and local marketing to get better realisation for the growers.

They will also provide market and weather information and soil testing services. In case of ABCs proposed to be set up in production belts of potato and onion; cold storage and warehousing will also be created for short and long term storage to take advantage of price arbitrage by deferring sale from peak harvest to lean periods.

With the cost of 40 market yard being developed as ABC is estimated around @ Rs.5.7 crores, the cost would be in the range of Rs. 228 crores.

Rural Hats 90

There are 1500 rural hats in the State of Bihar. A majority of these hats comprise only strips of land.

The development of rural hats particularly in regard to availability of market infrastructure facilities is more relevant in case of fruits and vegetables.

The development of market infrastructure facilities particularly in the rural areas covering rural hats has become the most important area for triggering processes that would improve farm-business of fruits and vegetables.

 The following five basic minimum physical facilities may be recommended for development in each rural hat: Market shed, Storage facilities, Covered auction platform

Open drying platform, Drinking water facilities Cost of development of one hat is Rs. 35.0 Lakhs

ON FARM PRIMARY PROCESSING CENTRES (OFPPCs)

91

The real breakthrough in encouraging value addition and improving farm incomes will come by creating facilities for on-farm processing of horticultural produce.

Restricting the post harvest losses can be achieved both through inputs of technology, and creation of necessary infrastructure.

The interventions planned will accordingly have to begin at the production (farm) level and continue to the disposal (market) level.

On Farm Processing Centre may be a stand alone facility, disposing off the produce after primary processing at the farm gate itself, or be a feeder point for supplies of the primary processed produce to Agri Business Centres / Modern Terminal Markets / Mega Food Parks.

Interventions expected through OFPPCs are Scientific harvesting, Washing, Sorting and grading, Curing in case of some vegetables, Special Post Harvest Treatments like fumigation / sulphitation, Vermicompost &Plastic Crates

OFPPCs92

This low cost facility will consist of a 100 sq.m. covered shed (thatched / corrugated steel sheet roof) with open sides (with wire mesh), for receiving and dispatch, space for special post harvest treatments, curing, storage of plastic crates with graded / ungraded produce, grading, etc.

Modern harvesting tools and implements, weighing machine etc. will also be made available at the facility.

Arrangements will also be made for special post harvest treatments, as mentioned earlier.

It is proposed to set up a total of about 10,000 such On Farm Processing Centres, a total investment of Rs.120 crores. (200 centres per Agri Business Centre).

Besides, 7000 OFPPCs are also being planned to be set up under ADB TA 4814-IND in the State. These OFPPCs will facilitate on-farm storage and primary processing facilities with having linkages with Rural Hats, ABCs and MTMs.

Agricultural Market Intelligence

93

It is proposed to develop a market intelligence system that would disseminate market-related (prices, demand trends etc.), crop related and risk related information. Online dissemination of data is also considered for which a dedicated website will be developed.

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 94

It is proposed that there should be a State level Agricultural Marketing Development and Training Institute for training of government officials, traders, entrepreneurs, farmers’ representatives etc. The institute would organize training on following aspects: Agricultural Marketing operations such as grading, sorting,

packaging etc. Marketing development procedures; Commodity exports, legality and documentation Marketing intelligence Entrepreneurship development in agricultural marketing New technology and machinery uses, marketing

infrastructure development Agricultural marketing related extension activities Use of computer and information technology Food safety and quality issues etc. Based on various exercises detailed investment plan can

be worked out.

Financing Market Development

95

The State Government proposes to leverage its fixed assets (existing land, building, market yards etc.,) for financing the scheme. The main source of funding will be subsidy under various Government of India schemes and private investment in the form of equity or loan, wherever there are gaps State plan funds will be used.

PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT

96

S. No.

Physical targets (Nos.)

2009-10 20010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total

1. Modern Terminal Markets

1 1 1 1 4

2. Agri-Business Centres

20 10 5 5 40

3. Haat 375 375 375 375 1500

4. OFPPC 5000 2000 1500 1500 10000

S. No. Financial requirement (Rs. lakh)

2009-10 20010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total

1. Modern Terminal Markets

10000.00 10000.00 10000.00 10000.00 40000.00

2. Agri-Business Centres

11400.00 5700.00 2850.00 2850.00 22800.00

3. Haat 13125.00 13125.00 13125.00 13125.00 52400.00

4. OFPPC 6000.00 2400.00 1800.00 1800.00 12000.00

Total 40525.00 31225.00 27775.00 27775.00 127200.00

CREDIT97

The key task is to ensure a convergence among credit availability, effective credit delivery system in keeping with adequate credit absorptive capacity of the farmer.

Availability of credit does not ensure its productive use and increased production/value addition. This is more important in the case of small/marginal farmer who is quite often left out because of the clout of the influential farmers.

Availability of institutional credit in the agriculture sector in the state, is still considered to be inadequate and inefficient.

Kisan Credit Card (KCC) is another important medium for increasing agricultural credit. At present, there are 1.04 crore landholdings in the State, but till December 2008, only 4.24 lakh KCCs have been distributed which is 28% of the target.

To meet the target of crop loans of Rs.30759.33 crore, KCCs have to play a very important role.

Credit Requirements in Agriculture

98

Sl.

No.

Year Amount (Rs in Crores)

1. 2008-09 5724.68

2. 2009-10 7051.98

3. 2010-11 8517.11

4. 2011-12 9465.56

Total 30759.33

MILESTONES99

Enhancement of Crop productivity. Rice 14.86 Qtl/ha to 29.72 Qtl/ha Wheat 20.55 Qtl/ha to 30.50 Qtl/ha Maize 26.71Qtl/ha to 35.25 Qtl/ha Pulses 7.22 Qtl/ha to 10.13 Qtl/ha Oil seeds 10.32 Qtl/ha to 12.00 Qtl/ha Sugarcane 455.6 Qtl/ha to 600.00 Qtl/ ha Fruits 109.32 Qtl/ha to 146.05 Qtl/ha Vegetables 165.92 Qtl/ha to 200.60 Qtl/ha

(Note: Present productivity figures relate to (2006-07 fruits & vegetables 2005-06 targeted figures relate to 2012). Enhancement of Crop Intensity from 133% (2004-05) to 161%. Per capita annual agricultural production to increase from Rs.

661 (2004-05) to Rs. 1061. The land productivity level in value terms to increase from Rs.

7351 (2004-05) to Rs. 11799.

Year wise requirement of funds for financing the State Plan

Year Financial Outlay(Rs. in Lakh)

2009-10 101289.50

2010-11 101979.02

2011-12 94983.17

2012-13 27775.00

Total 326026.69

100

THANK YOUPlan Prepared by Department of AgricultureGovt. of Bihar

101