Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area …...Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area...

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Symposium Zerstörungsfreie Materialcharakterisierung 2017 1 Lizenz: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area Projects ProMoAM and AGIL Giovanni BRUNO 1 , Christiane MAIERHOFER 1 1 BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin Kontakt: [email protected] Kurzfassung While additive manufacturing (AM) is blossoming in nearly every industrial field, and the most different process are being used to produce components and materials, little attention is paid on the safety concerns around AM materials and processes. Leveraging on our leading expertise in non-destructive testing (NDT) and materials characterization, we approach AM at BAM under two important viewpoints: first the on-line monitoring of the process and of the product, second the evolution of the (unstable) microstructure of AM materials under external loads. These two subjects are the core of the two new-born internal projects ProMoAM and AGIL, respectively. A detailed view of the goals and the organization of these two projects will be given, together with the expected output. More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22380

Transcript of Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area …...Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area...

Page 1: Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area …...Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area Projects ProMoAM and AGIL Giovanni BRUNO 1, Christiane MAIERHOFER 1 1 BAM Bundesanstalt

Symposium Zerstörungsfreie Materialcharakterisierung 2017

1 Lizenz: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de

Starting new adventures at BAM. The Focus Area Projects ProMoAM and AGIL

Giovanni BRUNO 1, Christiane MAIERHOFER 1 1 BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin

Kontakt: [email protected]

Kurzfassung

While additive manufacturing (AM) is blossoming in nearly every industrial field, and the most different process are being used to produce components and materials, little attention is paid on the safety concerns around AM materials and processes. Leveraging on our leading expertise in non-destructive testing (NDT) and materials characterization, we approach AM at BAM under two important viewpoints: first the on-line monitoring of the process and of the product, second the evolution of the (unstable) microstructure of AM materials under external loads. These two subjects are the core of the two new-born internal projects ProMoAM and AGIL, respectively. A detailed view of the goals and the organization of these two projects will be given, together with the expected output.

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STARTING NEW ADVENTURES AT BAM.THE FOCUS AREA PROJECTS PROMOAM AND AGIL

Giovanni Bruno, Christiane Maierhofer

BAM- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung

Symposium Zerstörungsfreie Materialcharakterisierung

Charakterisierung additiv gefertigter Komponenten- 28.11.17

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Safety in technology and chemistry

BAM is a senior scientific and technical federal authority with responsibility to the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)

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Facts & figures

Organisation

11 departments divided into

64 divisions and sections

September 2016

1 Analytical Chemistry; Reference Materials

2 Chemical Safety Engineering

3 Containment Systems of Dangerous Goods

4 Materials and the Environment

5 Materials Engineering

6 Materials Protection and Surface Technologies

7 Safety of Structures

8 Non-Destructive Testing

9 Component Safety

S Accreditation, Quality in Testing

Z Administration and Services

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Focus areas at a glance

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Five focus areas

Stability and corrosion resistance of

offshore wind farms

Activities– Energy storage– Energy conversion– Energy transport– Nuclear waste management

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Five focus areas

Safetyof transport routes

Activities– Safety of structures– Safety of industrial facilities and traffic– Transport and storage of dangerous

substances and goods– Fire science– Security

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Five focus areas

Effectiveness check of wood

preservatives against termites

Activities– Environmental pollutants– Behaviour of materials and products in the

environment– Recycling

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Five focus areas

Material characterisation and

testing of welds

Activities– Life cycle of components– Degradation of materials– Materials and substances

New Activity– Additive Manufacturing

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Five focus areas

Process analysis using spectrochemical methods

Activities– Chemical composition and trace analysis– Surface and interface analysis– Non-destructive testing and spectroscopy– Structure analysis and materialography– Sensor technology– Quality assurance

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Departments dealing with AM

1 Analytical Chemistry; Reference Materials

2 Chemical Safety Engineering

3 Containment Systems of Dangerous Goods

4 Materials and the Environment

5 Materials Engineering

6 Materials Protection and Surface Technologies

7 Safety of Structures

8 Non-Destructive Testing

9 Component Safety

S Accreditation, Quality in Testing

Z Administration and Services

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Laser-Metal-Deposition: Process

Welding of an additional structrure through Laser

› Laser beam creates a melting bath

› Gas carrier conveys powderaddition

› Laser beam heats and melts thebath

› Welded material solidifies into‚caterpillars‘

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Rethmeier. Division 9.3

SLM for Turbine Blade

› Integration of lightweight structures

› Decreased weight with still goodstiffness

LMD for bead profils

› Smaller geometrical complexity

› Higher build-up rate

SLM

LMD

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Additive Manufacturing: Combined Process Chain

50 mm

SLM Laser metal deposition

55 % time saving through combined additive process chain

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Departments dealing with AM

1 Analytical Chemistry; Reference Materials

2 Chemical Safety Engineering

3 Containment Systems of Dangerous Goods

4 Materials and the Environment

5 Materials Engineering

6 Materials Protection and Surface Technologies

7 Safety of Structures

8 Non-Destructive Testing

9 Component Safety

S Accreditation, Quality in Testing

Z Administration and Services

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3D

Printing

Diameter: 5,00mm

Height: 8,00mm

Porosity: 37,5%

Ca2KNa(PO4)2

sintering

up to

1200 °C

Ceramic Powders: Bioceramic Scaffolds by 3D Printing

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Departments dealing with AM

1 Analytical Chemistry; Reference Materials

2 Chemical Safety Engineering

3 Containment Systems of Dangerous Goods

4 Materials and the Environment

5 Materials Engineering

6 Materials Protection and Surface Technologies

7 Safety of Structures

8 Non-Destructive Testing

9 Component Safety

S Accreditation, Quality in Testing

Z Administration and Services

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Task: determine scale and form of

‒ 3D-printed porous polymer-derived ceramic parts against STL-file

‒ cerammed part against printed part

STL-file of kagome lattice printed kagome lattice

Case Study: 3D Printed SiOC

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µCT with 80 kV, 31µm voxel-sizeanalysis with VGStudioMax 2.1

‒ Re-normalization scale-correction with distances of cylindersfitted onto the strutsratios: x:0.996, y:0.996, z:0.978

‒ nominal/actual comparison:

printed part against STL28.11.2017 Symposium Materialcharakterisierung 17

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The Project AGIL:Mikrostrukturentwicklung in additiv gefertigten metallischen

Komponenten: vom Pulver zum mechanischen Versagen

Motivation:

1- Unexpected (?) Change of Microstructure under conventional cyclic load

As built 800ºC / 2h

AISI 316L

Ti6Al4V

CNR, Italy

DLR, Germany

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The Project AGIL

2. Presence of large tensile Residual Stress

- Evolution of those stresses with

- Release from base plate

- Thermal treatment

{100}

{101}

{102}

{110}

{103}

Change of mechanical properties and Materials performance

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The Project AGIL: Plan

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Aging of Materials: How the Microstructure and the Residual Stress affect the mechanical properties (as a function of thermal and mechanical loads)

4 Departments, 10 Divisions involved: 9 FTE

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Stand-der-Technik in der Qualitätssicherung in der Additiven Fertigung (AM)

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Stand-der-Technik in der Qualitätssicherung:

• Qualifizierung des Ausgangsmaterials

• Pulver, Draht, Folie

• Überwachung des Fertigungsprozesses über Prozessgrößen

• z.B. Laserleistung, Scangeschwindigkeit, Temperaturmessung, Kontrolle des Pulverbetts

• Prüfung der Zustandsgrößen des fertigen Bauteils

• CT • Ultraschall • zerstörende Prüfung

Gas atomisiertes Pulver, 316L-SI,

Quelle: oerlikon metco

Laser

Welding

Monitoring

with CMOS

camera

Quelle:

Prometec

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Stand-der-Technik in der Qualitätssicherung in der Additiven Fertigung (AM)

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Neu in der in-situ Anwendung in ProMoAM:

• Überwachung der in-situ Zustandsgrößen mit ZfP und optischen Verfahren

• Risse

• Delaminationen

• Poren

• Elementverteilung

Gas atomisiertes Pulver, 316L-SI,

Quelle: oerlikon metco

Laser

Welding

Monitoring

with CMOS

camera

Quelle:

Prometec

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TF-Projekt zur Additiven Fertigung - ProMoAMProzessmonitoring in der Additiven Fertigung

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Selective-Laser-Melting-Anlage, SLM Solutions M280 (BAM 9.3, K. Hilgenberg)

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Laseroptik400 W1070 nmFokus: 150 µm

Beschichter

Bauteil-plattform

Layer-Control-System

Schutzgas-zuführung

Melt-Pool-und Laser-Power-Monitoring

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Laser-Metal-Deposition-Anlage , TruLaser Cell3000 (BAM 9.3, A. Gumenyuk)

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• Laseroptik6 kW, 1030 nmPulverfokus 3,5 mm

• Laserkopf ist beweglich

• Tisch nur Rotation

• 2 Pulverbehälter für gradierte Werkstoffe

• Überwachungs-kamera

• MWIR-Kamera

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Lagenweise Schlickerdeposition (Keramik)(FB 5.4, J. Günster)

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• Faserlaser50 W, 1970 nmGalvoscanner

• Tisch: Translation für Schlickerauftrag

• Pulverbettheizung bis 200 °C

• IR-Kamera

A. Zocca, P. Lima, T. Mühler, J. Günster, ICC6 Int. Congr. on Ceramics, 2016, Dresden

Laser optic

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Wirbelstromprüfung an mit LPA wiederaufgefüllten Werkzeugkanten (BAM 8.4, R. Pohl, M. Pelkner)

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• Mechanisierte Prüfung mit Absolutsonde bei 500 kHz

• Prüfung mit Wirbelstrom weist Risse an den drei Aufträgen nach

• Materialcharakterisierung mit ET erscheint möglich

• Prüfabstände größer 1 mm sind möglich

• Keine Beeinflussung der metallischen Pulver durch elektromagnetische Felder der ET

Probekörper (BAM 9.3, M. Rethmeier): Wirbelstrommessung (ex-situ):

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Fehlstellendetektion mittels Thermografie:

Offene Risse, Poren, Materialüberhöhungen (FB 8.7)

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Resultierende Fehlstellen und deren Detektion durch Temperaturschwankungen

im Schmelzprozess, Schmelzbadkontrolle (Größe)

Riss: Strahlenfalle Riss: Wärmestau Defektfrei Materialüber-

höhung

Poren

IR-Kamera

Herausforderung: Emissionsgradunterschiede zwischen z.B. Pulver und verfestigtem Material

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Erfassung der Partikelemissionen, (FB 4.2 S. Seeger)

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Beispiel: Lagenweise Schlickerdeposition (LSD) zur Herstellung keramischer Grün-körper (BAM 5.4 J. Günster)• In-situ Messung der

Partikelkonzentration als Funktion der Zeit

• In-situ Messung der Partikeldurchmesser als Funktion der Zeit

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Datenvorverarbeitung und -fusion (FB 8.2 C. Völker, FB 5.4, Kooperation mit ZIB)

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Merkmal 2

Merkmal 1

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al

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ProbekörperSignaldarstellung Merkmalsdarstellung

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Wie wird die Grenze zwischen gut und schlecht gezogen?

TF-Projekt ProMoAM: Prozessmonitoring

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Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

28.11.2017

AM-Prozessmonitoring,

Rückkopplung und Kontrolle für qualitativ

hochwertige und zuverlässige Produkte

Monitoring der Partikel- und Gasemissionen

Korrelation der Ergebnisse mit den Prozessparametern

Integration von ZfP und weiteren optischen Verfahren zur in-situ

Überwachung

Standardisierung (VDI, DIN, CEN,

ISO, ASTM)

Aufbereitung und Fusion der Datensätze der verschiedenen

Verfahren

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Thank you

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