STARTER 1

1. What stories do you think followed these headlines?

A. Web phone scam The scheme to make money illegally using

Web phones

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B. Love bug created worldwide chaos“A sample from a newspaper More than 20 countries affected"Love-Bug" virus damage estimated at $10 billionBy Mike Ingram It is estimated that the so-called "Love-Bug" email virus has

caused some $10 billion losses in as many as 20 countries. The virus was originally distributed in an email with the subject line “I love you". The message contains the text "kindly check the attached

LOVELETTER from me" and an attached file called LOVE-LETTER FOR-YOU.TXT.VBS. If this attachment is opened it will replicate itself and be transferred to all addresses within a user's email address book. The virus also deletes graphic files ending with the letters jpg or jpeg, and alters music files ending in mp3 to make them inaccessible.”

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C. Hackers crack Microsoft software codes

“A sample from a newspaper Special report: the future of Microsoft Net news Duncan Campbell in Los Angeles The Guardian, Saturday 28 October 2000 01.02 BST Hackers have broken into Microsoft's computer network and gainedaccess to blueprints of its latest software, the company admittedyesterday. Initial investigations suggest that the hackers could havelinks with, or be based in, St Petersburg, Russia. Microsoft, already embroiled in a legal battle with the US

government,said it is working with the FBI and law enforcement authorities to

tracethe source of "a deplorable act of computer espionage". Steve Ballmer, the chief executive, confirmed that hackers gainedaccess to the source codes - which include the software for

productssuch as the Windows operating system - but insisted they had nottampered with them. “

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What other types of computer crime are there ? Spreading Viruses

Distributing viruses that can reproduce themselves and are written with the purpose of causing damage

Hacking Gaining unauthorised access to a network system

Salami Shaving Manipulating programs or data so that small amounts of money

are deducted from a large number of transactions. The victims are unaware of the crime as the amount taken from any individual is so small.

Trojan Horse A technique that involves adding concealed intructions to a

computer program so that it will still work but will also perform prohibited actions

Piggybacking Using another person’s identification code or using that person’s

files before he or she has logged off. Phishing: tricking a user into revealing confidential information Software piracy: unauthorised copying of a programme for sale Defacing: changing the information shown on another person’s

webpage Hijacking: redirecting anyone trying to visit a certain site

elsewhere .....

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VOCABULARYPatch (v): To insert programming code into a

computer program to fix or modify it

Host Computer (n. phr): A computer containing data or programs that another computer can access by means of a network or modem.

Host computer system

Infected program (adj. phr): A computer program which contains virus.

If you want to know if a program is infected or not, you should use virus scan.

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Stay resident (v): to stay permanently in somewhere

Not all of the computer viruses can stay resident in your computer, you can delete them with virus scan programs.

Remain Dormant (v): to stay inactiveSome viruses in the computer remain

dormant until the computer is switched on. Trigger Event (adj. phr): an event which

initiates an actionIf you press on this switch off button, it will

be a trigger event for computer and it will stop working

Reading 31. To transfer program control to the virus2. The Misdirection, Reproduction, trigger and

payload routines3. It returns control to the program as

originally written

Reading 51. They produce inside a host which they damage

or destroy2. It can copy itself into any program files3. They can stay dormant in the memory until

triggered4. Displaying a message on the monitor screen or

deleting files on the hard disk5. COM or EXE programs6. C-b-d-a7. A trojan has payload but no reproduction routine

Problem Solving1. F2. H3. C4. A5. E6. G7. B8. D9. J10.ı

SPECIALIST READING VOCABULARYTransaction (n): the exchange of money,

information, goods services etc. between two parties.

The transaction of money via the internet is not secure enough as hackers can get your money during transactions.

Tamper (v): to interfere in a harmful wayThe director realized that somebody

tampered with the document as there were some changes in the numbers.

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Impostor (n): somebody who uses fake identity to trick people

He introduced himself as the manager of the institution, but later we realized that he was an impostor: he was actually the driver of the real manager.

User authentication (n. phr): A security measure to identify individuals and verify them to receive money or specific data.

Nowadays most of the banks use user authentication like e-signature or passwords that is messaged to their phones

Decrypt = Decipher(v): to decode a message or data into normal language

In order to read the message, first you need to decrypt these signs

Tamper-proof (adj. phr.): having enough security to protect from a harmful interference

The website of this bank is tamper-proof, that’s nobody can interfere with the money transactions.

Gibberish (n): a meaningless and nonsense language

These sentences are gibberish, I can’t understand a word of it.

Alter (v): to change It was an altered message, they changed every

word of it so as to make it nonsense.

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Authenticate (v): to show that something is real, not false or copied.

The experts authenticated the document found in the library.

Issuer (n): a legal institution that develops, registers and sells securities for the purpose of financing its operations.

Legitimate (adj): allowed by the law, or correct according to the law.

Our business is totally legitimate, it is done according to the law of the country.

Tenet (n): the basic principle or rule The basic tenets of Democracy

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KEY-Specialist Reading1. A2. C3. Public key

cryptography4. Decrypt5. B6. İnformation about

the company operating the server and the server’s public key

Page 131a) İvb) İiic) İd) ii

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B-2 (page 131)

B-3 ( page 129)a) İiib) İvc) Vid) İe) İif) v

a) Fb) Tc) Fd) Fe) Ff) Fg) Th) T

B-4 (page 129)

C

D

B

A