Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies...

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Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars Dr. Thomas Richards Regis Hoffman

Transcript of Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies...

Page 1: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Stars and Strife:Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars

Dr. Thomas Richards

Regis Hoffman

Page 2: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Movie Fan Mail Motto

Neither snow, nor rain, nor “The Winds of War” can stop the sending of movie star fan mail……

Page 3: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

FAN MAIL – Roy RogersHe received over 1.5 million pieces of fan mail in 1948

Page 4: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Background• Authors have approx. 20,000 covers• Viewed thousands more• Early Period – 1910 – 1930 includes WWI• “Golden Age” – 1930s – 1955 – WWII, Korea• Later Period – 1955  present• Used to measure star’s popularity• Based on articles in Military Postal History Society (MPHS) Journal

• Generally in chronological sequence

Page 5: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Importance of Fan Mail

• Fans connected to the stars. Offered advice and asked questions about their lives.

• Hollywood studios monitored the content of fan mail, and crafted the stars persona based on fan mail.

• The amount of fan mail gauged a star’s popularity and could lead to better contracts.

• Even during wartime, fans (some in extreme conditions) continued to write to their favorite stars.

Page 6: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

• Fan Mail Memo

1920s –one studio sent out 1.5 million photos a year

30s and 40s – 18,000 –35,000 letters per month

Betty Hutton Memo

• Feb 21 1945

• Received and answered 2,220 pieces of mail that week

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WWI 

• Not as much mail to stars during this period

• Movies just starting to get popular

• Sent mainly to BIG stars

• Pickford

• Chaplin

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Charlie Chaplin

• WWI – England FPO

June 1916 

“I am well” card. 

To Chaplin at Essanay Studios (Chicago). 

Forwarded to Hollywood

US not yet in the war

Postage due

Friend or fan?

Page 9: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Mary Pickford

• WWI  ‐ England

April 15 1919

Sent to her in London

Forwarded to Hollywood

Hand‐written forwarding marking

New York  May 22 1919 cancel

British Censor tape

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Mary Pickford

• WWI – Philippines – c 1916

No date

Pickford Studios only existed from 1916 to 1919

Circular PASSED BY CENSOR – 1814

(Stich type A8A)

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Ginger Rogers

• Between the Wars

Aug. 17 1935

Soldier in Hawaii – Pvt. Alex Daisy

Hand‐drawn picture of Ms. Rogers

Mid‐30s – teamed with Fred Astaire  in 10 romantic musicals

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WWII POW Mail

• American, British, Belgium and Italian POWs mail to Stars

• Limited mailing privileges – yet mailed to stars

• Asked for photos and correspondence

Page 13: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna DurbinWWII ‐ Sgt. William Greenwood

1940 LetterShot down on flight to Aalborg, Denmark

All twelve planes shot down

POW at Stalag Luft III

Scene of the “Great Escape”

Writing from Hospital

Asks for “another snapshot”

Wants “bi‐weekly or monthly letters”

Wishes her mother and father the “best of luck”

Looks like personal relationship ?

Page 14: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Mrs. Vaughn Paul (Deanna Durbin)

WWII ‐ Sgt. William Greenwood

Feb.  6 1943

“... old Friend Bill ....”

“Wedding Anniversary ...”

“...send some ‘stills’ from Forever Young .”

“... Enclosed some photos ...”

“ ... Please continue to write ...”

Fan letter?; personal note?

Restricted to 3 letters per month

Still alive in 2006

Had contact with his son‐in‐law

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Mrs. Ronald Coleman

• WWII – British POW Mail

Sept. 18 1942

From RCAF Sergeant at Stalag Luft III (Sagan, Germany)

To wife of actor Ronald Colman. 

She organized relief efforts. 

Card asks for aid.

Held by British censor until after the war???

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Deanna Durbin• WWII – Belgian POW Mail

No date

Belgian POW In Stalag XIIC

Written in French

POW  Camp at Weibelsheim

Asks for Care Parcel

Page 17: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin

• WWII ‐ Italian POW Mail

1943

Italian POW in British Camp  ‐

Written in Italian

British POW marking (StichA30)

Faint British  “Crown over PASSED” marking (Stich type H2D)

From Camp #92 – Tiverton, England

Page 18: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin• WWII ‐ Italian POW Mail

Oct. 13 1943

Italian POW – Cpl. Angelo Garazani

Written in Italian

Circular US Censor Marking (Stich A12)

Boxed PW Censor Mark

From POW # 95869

POW Camp #217

Page 19: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin• WWII – Italian POW Mail

Nov. 1943

Same as previous sender

Italian POW – Cpl. Angelo Garazani

Written in Italian

He read an article in newspaper about her latest movie. 

Could not go into the city to see it.

Wanted to Know “…..how you are and what you are doing now….”

Page 20: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Alice Faye

• WWII Internee Mail:  Ft. Missoula, Montana

Dec. 9 1942

Italian Sailor Detainee

“Detained Civilian

Entitled to Free Postage” marking

But paid postage

Detainees received free franking in mid 1943

Page 21: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Betty Grable

• WWII Internee Mail:  Ft. Missoula, Montana

Jan. 30 1943

Italian Sailor Detainee

Still paid postage until mid‐1943

Page 22: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna DurbinWWII Internee Mail:  Ft. Missoula, Montana

• Ft.  In

Feb. 24 1943

Italian Sailor Detainee

“FREE Prisoner of War Mail” marking

From Emilio Bologna

1942 – about 1,000 Italians there

Mainly seamen, some musicians

Released after Italy surrendered  (1943)

Page 23: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Sonja Henie

• WWII Internee Mail:  Ft. Missoula, Montana

Mar. 17 1943

Italian Sailor Detainee

“FREE Prisoner of War Mail” marking

“Detained CivilianEntitled to Free Postage” marking

U. S. I  &  N. S. marking on reverse

Page 24: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Janet Blair• WWII – V‐Mail

Feb. 41944

Valentine Greeting

Special drawings and graphics were created for the Holidays

At 20th Century Fox during this period

Leading actress during the war years

Career diminished in the late 40s

Moved to the stage and became a “torch singer” in nightclubs

Page 25: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Gloria Jean• WWII ‐ V‐Mail

May 24 1944

From Anzio Beachhead

Requests a “box of chocolates” …. “five pounds would be good”

Groomed as new child successor to Deanna Durbin

Successful in early 40s but faired poorly in transition to adult roles

Page 26: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Music Department –Universal Studios

• WWII – V‐Mail

July 15 1944

From Sub Chaser PC 1229

Not all complimentary !!

“2 cents for a Snap Shot”

“…you people don’t miss a shot….”

“I wonder what Miss Foster was like before she became a Star – Or whatever you want to call it”

Page 27: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Music Dept. – Universal Studios

• WWII – V‐Mail

Sept. 10 1944

APO 711 – New Guinea

Requests “music in your production of ‘The Phantom of the Opera’ ”

August 1943 movie – so they got them fairly quickly

Starred Nelson Eddy and Susanna Foster

Page 28: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Universal Studios

• WWII – V‐Mail

Oct. 15 1944

Music interest in letter

“…name of Russian song that Deanna Durbin sang in ‘His Butler’s  Sister’”

Sent from the Marianas

Page 29: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Jane Bryan• WWII ‐ Denmark

April 9 1940

German Invasion of Denmark

Danish Govt. capitulated by 0720  on 9th

Torrance,  Morenweiser Type 1 “interim” censor label

Manuscript number

Only used between April and Mid May 1940 ‐ Less than 15 known

She played “girl‐next‐door” roles 

Ms. Bryan married the president of Rexall Drug Co.

Page 30: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Tyrone Power

• WWII – Finland

April 15 1940

During the “peace” period with Russia

“Examined by war censorship” in Finnish and Swedish (Stich type  S3)

Franked with a special War Tax stamp

Resealing tape in Finnish and Swedish on reverse

Handsome leading man in the 30s and 40s

Page 31: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin

• WWII ‐ Dutch East Indies ‐Java

July 11 1940

GENCENSUREERD

9

Stich N15 Marking

Stich N13 Resealing label

Stich N16 censor marking

Stich N18A censor marking

Page 32: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin

• WWII – Australia

Nov. 12 1940

From Tasmania

Australian censor tape ties Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red Cross seal

Also boxed “Passed by Censor V82” marking

No US censor markings yet

Page 33: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin• WWII ‐ Bohemia & Moravia

April 3  1941

German Censor

From  Mahrisch‐ Budwitz

Stich type G10A German censor 

tape on reverse

Page 34: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin• WWII ‐Malaysia

May 20 1941

From 21st H.A.A. Battery

Stich 20B censor mark

Air Mail marked out

O.A.S marking

FPO #33 (on reverse)

Raised at Lucknow – Dec 12th 1940

Left Calcutta – Dec 29th 1940

Arrived Singapore  ‐ Jan 5th 1941

Destroyed/captured – about Feb 14th 1942

Page 35: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin • WWII ‐ Egypt May 26 1941

British Field Post Office #20

Two days after General Rommel’s “Afrika  Korps” began its first

offensive in Egypt

Circular “Deputy Chief Field –Censor” marking

No U.S. censorship – did not begin until June 1941

Page 36: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin • WWII ‐ Spain Dec. 9 1941 

Just after Pearl Harbor

Malaga to Hollywood

Seville censor marking

US Tape (Broderick, Mayo, type L 1.4.3)

Spanish label on reverse (not tied)

Page 37: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin • Spain ‐ 1942Jan.  8 1942

Patriotic Card

Stich M3C Spanish censor marking

Broderick S.3.1.2. examined marking

Requests a photo “free of charge” due to “obstacle of foreign money”

Page 38: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Deanna Durbin • WWII – Great Britain

June 18 1943

Sent to MGM

Received:

UNCALLED FOR AT

METRO‐GOLDWYN‐MAYER

Sent to Fox

Received:

NOT AT

20th CENTURY‐FOX FILM CORP

Page 39: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

“This is the Army” Movie • WWII – MiscellaneousJuly 2 1943

Toured country to raise money

$8M raised for Army Emergency Relief Fund

Produced with cooperation of Armed Forces

Starred Lt. Ronald Reagan, Sgt. Joe Louis, Alan Hale, Kate Smith and others

Irving Berlin musical

Admission ticket to “This is the Army” showing in Hamilton, Ohio

Page 40: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Sgt. Gene Autry • WWII – England

Sept. 8 1943

Served in Army Air Force (as did other stars)

British censor tape

Forwarded to Luke Field, Ariz.

Page 41: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Mary Pickford • WWII  ‐ EnglandOct. 30 1944

From Red Cross  & Order of St. John Of Jerusalem

Addressed to “Everybody’s Sweetheart”

Thanking her for donation of clothing – including a wedding dress

British censor tape

Note address: “Mary Pickford Film Star”

Page 42: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Dale Evans • WWII – New GuineaJan. 12 1945

Sent from Bougainville, Solomon Islands

US  postage stamp – not “free mail”

Married Roy Rogers in 1947

Australian Military Forces censor marking (Stitch 36A)

Page 43: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Ginger Rogers • WWII – Chinese Air Force

April 7 1945

Pueblo, Colorado

Members of Chinese Air force began B‐24 training  in 1943.

Starred in 30s, 40s, and 50s

Gained fame as Fred Astaire’s dancing partner

Page 44: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Vivian Blaine • WWII – China‐Burma‐India (CBI) TheaterMay 23 1945

APO 219 – Shamshernagar, India at this time

US Army Examiner marking

Played lively leads in musicals and light films of the 40s

Greatest success – “Guys and Dolls” on Broadway and later in the film version

Page 45: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Notice a Trend?A lot to Deanna Durbin

• WHY?

• Most popular star during this time period

• Worldwide appeal

• Limited career span ‐ covered WWII

• Collector had access to her fan mail ?

• Obviously a benefit to fan mail collectors

Page 46: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Tyrone Power • Post WWII – Austrian Civil CensorshipNo Date

Civil mail censored by military authorities in Vienna, Austria.

With supplemental “C” censor mark

Romantic lead – very popular in 30s and 40s

Served in WWII

Career waned after return from service

Page 47: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Jane(t) Leigh • Korean WarNo date

Note: misspelled name

606th Air Control & Warning Squadron

At Kimpo, AFB in Korean War

Most known for her role in “Psycho”

Mother of actress Jamie Lee Curtis

Hubba Hubba marking – collectible marking

Page 48: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Doris Day • Post‐war BAOR GermanyAug. 15 1954

British Army of the Rhine (BAOR)

British Field Post Office (FPO) 791

Early 40s – she sang with Bob Crosby and Les Brown bands

1948 ‐ began her film career 

Later appeared on TV

Page 49: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Post War ‐ Korean War, etc

• Covers exist

• But not as extensive

• TV began to take over

• We drew a line at WWII in our collecting

• Screen Actors Guild (SAG), United Fan Mail –and others took over fan mail handling

Page 50: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

Summary

• During times of strife – attempt to remain normal

• Movie stars were popular 

• Mail to them was popular

• Created many philatelic items

• Continued for many years

Page 51: Stars and Strife: Mail to Hollywood Movie Stars · PDF file• WWII ‐Dutch East Indies ... Lady Gowrie 1 pence Red ... Slide 1 Author: Richards Created Date:

References• Shelley, Ronald, The Postal History of the Spanish Civil War, 1974.• Roth, Steven M. The Censorship of International Civilian Mail During World 

War II.• Stich, Dr.H.F., Stich, W., and Specht, J., Civil and Military Censorship During 

World War II.• Stich, Dr. H.F. and Stich, W., Prisoners of War, Internees and Refuges in the 

European Theatre of World War II.• Torrance, A.R. and Morenweiser, K., British Empire Civil Censorship 

Devices.• Broderick, Wilfrid N. and Mayo, Dann, Civil Censorship in the United 

States.• Richards, Thomas J., Philatelic Movie Props, American Philatelist, p. 890‐

897, October, 2002.• Hoffman, Regis and Richards, Thomas J., Movie Star Mail, American 

Philatelist, p. 314‐323, April 2001

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Thanks ‐ Have a Good Day