Standox Coloristics
-
Upload
sabet-mikhaeil -
Category
Documents
-
view
320 -
download
10
description
Transcript of Standox Coloristics
![Page 1: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Standox Coloristics Color theory
![Page 2: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Chapter 1 • What is Color ?
• Deficiencies in Color Sensation
• Limitations
• Color Circles and Color Matching
• Colorimetric
![Page 3: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The Sky Is ?
![Page 4: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
The leaves are getting ?
![Page 5: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 05.04.20
Color perception
The perceived color is a subjective impression which cannot be exactly attributed to a reflected light spectrum or its intensity.
![Page 6: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 05.04.02
The light spectrum.
white light
Newton’s prism
Sir Isaac Newton (1660)
![Page 7: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Rainbow
Which is the first exterior colour of the rainbow?
A rainbow is created by sunlight passing through
drops of water, which act as a prism.
![Page 8: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Visible Spectrum
Small section of
the immense
electromagnetic
spectrum
emitted by the
sun.
![Page 9: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 05.04.07
What happens to the light?
reflection transmission
emission
![Page 10: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 05.04.08
Color perception
Color perception involves:
a light source (illumination)
a receiver and processor ( eye / brain )
a sample or object to interact with the light energy.
![Page 11: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 05.04.09
Color perception
an interplay
![Page 12: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Color Sensation
WHITE
![Page 13: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Color Sensation
BLACK Black
![Page 14: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Red paint absorbs every part
of white light, execpt the red
part ...
Color Sensation
![Page 15: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Color Sensation
![Page 16: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 05.04.10
Cross section of the retina.
A: The rods (light / dark vision)
B: The cones (color vision)
C: Cell nucleii of cone cell
The light first crosses
the pigment epithel (E),
into which cell nucleii (D)
are embedded.
Küppers´Farbenlehre
![Page 17: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Light enters the eye
Focused by cornea and
lens onto back of retina
Photoreceptors absorb light
light is transformed into
electrical signals
Signals sent to brain via
optic nerve
Color perception
![Page 18: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Cones are responsible for color vision
There are three types of cones:
Color perception
![Page 19: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
The rods respond on lightness
05.04.11
How we perceive colors.
The rods respond on lightness The cones on colors
![Page 20: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Wavelength
400 500 600 700
Usually expressed in nanometer: 1nm = 10 meter
• Wavelengths do not themselves possess colour
• Perception of colour is created by the eye and the
brain
• Wavelengths are the tool to construct a coloured
representation
-9
![Page 21: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
400 500 600 700
NANOMETRE
![Page 23: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 05.04.15
Color perception
Different light sources can influence the
color!
... if not the same pigments were used
as in the Original (OEM) paint
This is particularly noticable for mixing
formulas...
... if too many mixing colors were used
for the formula or for tinting
![Page 24: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 05.04.19
Metamerism
![Page 25: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25 05.04.18
Metamerism
Metamerism check in the coloristic lab
![Page 26: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Light references
Illuminants A, D65 and F2 are referring to a
number of Kelvin (absolute temperature scale)
North Sky daylight : 6500 K
(D65)
Office lighting neon : 4150 K (F2)
Home lighting incandescent : 2856 K (A)
![Page 27: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Colour Type D65
Daylight Bulb
400 500 600 700
![Page 28: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Colour Type A
Bulb
400 500 600 700
![Page 29: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Colour Type F2
Cool White Fluorescent 400 500 600 700
![Page 30: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Chapter 1 • What is Color ?
• Deficiencies in Color Sensation
![Page 31: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Born: September, 6th 1766
Eaglesfield, England
Died: July 27th 1844
Manchester, England
John Dalton
Daltonism
![Page 32: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Color Deficiencies
normal red
green
red
green
blue
yellow
![Page 33: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33 05.02.01
What we see – how we see.
What is wrong here?
![Page 34: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34 05.01.02
Color Blindness
12
![Page 35: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35 05.01.06
Color Blindness
74
![Page 36: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36 05.01.09
Color Blindness
2
![Page 37: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37 05.01.12
Color Blindness
![Page 38: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38 05.01.15
Color Blindness
![Page 39: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Chapter 1 • What is Color ?
• Deficiencies in Color Sensation
• Limitations
![Page 40: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
After-image
![Page 41: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
+
![Page 42: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
+
![Page 43: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
+
![Page 44: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
+
![Page 45: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
+
![Page 46: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
+
![Page 47: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
After-Image
![Page 48: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48 05.02.02
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 49: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49 05.02.03
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 50: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50 05.02.04
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 51: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51 05.02.05
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 52: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52 05.02.11
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 53: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53 05.02.12
Simultaneous contrast
The same grey!
![Page 54: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54 05.02.13
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 55: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55 05.02.13
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 56: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56 05.02.16
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 57: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57 05.02.17
Simultaneous contrast
The same blue!
![Page 58: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58 05.02.18
What is white
![Page 59: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
What is white?
05.02.19
![Page 60: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
What is white?
Color College – Limitations
05.02.21 i
![Page 61: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
What is white?
05.02.22
![Page 62: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
What is white?
05.02.23
White – whiter – whitest … ... or what?
This half is lighter, isn’t it …?
... than this!
![Page 63: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63 05.02.24
Hermann – Grid Illusion.
![Page 64: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
Hermann – Grid Illusion.
Color College – Limitations
05.02.25
![Page 65: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Optical Illusion
![Page 66: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Chapter 1 • What is Color ?
• Deficiencies in Color Sensation
• Limitations
• Color Circles and Color Matching
![Page 68: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68 05.06.01
Color basics.
TV
additive color mixing subtractive color mixing
![Page 69: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69 05.06.02
Mixed colors.
Additive mixing:
interference pigments
Substractive mixing:
absorption-pigments, dyes
![Page 70: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70 05.06.03
Goethe‘s color circle.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832)
Goethe‘s color circle
![Page 71: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71 05.06.04
Color circle according to Munsell.
Albert Henry Munsell (1858 -1918) Color circle according to Munsell
![Page 72: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72 05.06.12
Color position
The name of a color (or color family)
“red“ „blue“ „green“ „violet“ „yellow“
1. Dimension = the color group
defines the position in the color circle
![Page 73: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73 05.06.13
defines the distance of the color to grey
The strength of a color
The quality by which we distinguish one group of similar colors from
another
„bright red“ „pale yellow“ „signal orange“
2. Dimension = the saturation
Color position
![Page 74: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74 05.06.14
defines the distance of this color between black and white
The lightness of a color
“dark red“ „light blue“ „medium green“ „dark violet“ „light yellow“
3. Dimension = the lightness
Color position
![Page 75: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75 05.06.15
h° Color group
the name of a color
(or color family)
C* the strength of a color
(distance to grey)
Saturation
L* the lightness of a color
Lightness
Color position
![Page 76: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76 05.06.16
A three-dimensional model like:
longitude, latitude, altitude
(geographic)
length, width, depth (in
general)
Color group
Saturation
Lightness
h°
C*
L*
three independent variables!
Color position
![Page 77: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77 05.06.17
h = color group
...i.e. the position
in the color circle
L = lightness
...i.e. the position between
black and white
C
h
L
Description according to CIELCH
C = saturation
...i.e. the distance
to grey!
Color position
![Page 78: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78 05.06.18
Sättigung
Helli
gke
itFarbgruppe
Grey
Color position
![Page 79: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79 05.06.19
The three
dimensional
color space
Color position
![Page 80: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80 05.07.03
Systems to measure color differences
The color group
(hue) and saturation
(chroma) give a two
dimensional picture.
The CIE L*a*b* - System
![Page 81: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81 05.07.05
+ a
L (=100)
L (=0)
+ b
- a
- b
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 82: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82 05.07.06
L (=100)
L (=0)
+ a
+ b
- a
- b
increasing L-value
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 83: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83 05.07.07
L (=100)
L (=0)
+ a
+ b
- a
- b
decreasing L-value
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 84: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84 05.07.09
The ΔE value.
The ΔE-value discribes a color difference numerically.
Example:
Standard ( L=80 + A=45 + B=58 )
Formula ( L=74 + A=48 + B=56 )
Difference ( L=6² + A=3² + B=2² )
( L=36 + A=9 + B=4 )
( root of 49 )
ΔE = 7
Color differences up to ΔE = 1.0 are normally within tolerance
range.
![Page 85: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85 05.07.10
b
a
b
a
1
2
L = difference on the lightness axis. (black-white)
a = difference on color axis (red-green)
b = difference on color axis (yellow-blue)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLOR 1 AND COLOR 2:
E = ( L)² + ( a)² + ( b)²
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 86: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
86 05.07.11
= measured color difference between color 1 and color 2
L (=100)
L (=0)
+ a
+ b
- a
- b
1
2
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 87: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
87 05.07.12
measuring record (example) :
The CIE L*a*b* - System
Color scale ORIGINAL OBJECT DIFFERENCES
(AXES)
L* 36,84 37,77 0,93
a* - 24,10 - 24,59 - 0,49
b* 12,00 11,88 - 0,12
E* 1,05
Systems to measure color differences
![Page 88: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
88 05.07.13
Color blue.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)
Remission value
![Page 89: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
89 05.07.14
Color yellow.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)
Remission value
![Page 90: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
90 05.07.15
Dull color shade and bright color shade.
Small gradient between peak and valley
= dull color
Large gradient between peak and valley
= bright color
![Page 91: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
91
Chapter 2 • Formula Development
• OEM Deviations
• Different kinds of Pigments
• The Color Flop
![Page 92: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
Color development specialists at work
Development of Colour Formulas
![Page 93: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
The Standard is
investigated with an
electronic microscope.
![Page 94: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
94
The computer generated
formulation is being mixed.
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 95: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
Automatic test panel sprayer
Development of Colour Formulas
![Page 96: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
96
All colors are sprayed with an
automatic testpanel sprayer
in a controlled environment
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 97: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
97
All sprayouts are dried in
special ovens.
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 98: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
98
The OEM standard is
compared to the spray
out in a light box
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 99: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
99
Checked with-
Sodium Light
(especially Red Colors)
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 100: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
100
The computer prediction
is not always perfect a
further adjustment will
be required in this case
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 101: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
101
The final approval
is only given after
inspection by the human
eye.
Development of Colour Formulas
Formula Request:
![Page 102: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
102
Chapter 2 • Formula Development
• OEM Deviations
• Different kinds of Pigments
• The Color Flop
![Page 103: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
103 05.05.01
Orientation of metallic in OEM.
Bell and pneumatic
Bell
Pneumatic
![Page 104: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
104 05.05.02
Color deviations in OEM production.
Masterpanel
Approval Coloristics
![Page 105: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
105 05.05.03
Color deviations in OEM production.
Masterpanel
Approval Coloristics
Color reproduced in coloristics is almost identical
![Page 106: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
106 05.05.04
Color deviations in OEM production.
Master
panel
Approval
Coloristics
Approval
Production
Plant 1
Approval
Production
Plant 2
Approval
Production
Plant 4
Approval
Production
Plant 3
![Page 107: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
107 05.05.05
How do Variants come into existence?
tolerance range
Master
Approval
Service formula (if requested) Version D
lighter darker
![Page 108: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
108
Geometrical Color Variation
![Page 109: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
109
Geometrical Color Variation
![Page 110: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
110
Geometrical Color Variation
![Page 111: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
111
Geometrical Color Variation
![Page 113: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
113
Chapter 2 • Formula Development
• OEM Deviations
• Different kinds of Pigments
• The Color Flop
![Page 114: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
114 05.09.01
Interaction of pigments with light.
Interference pigments
Specific color, gloss and color flop by interference effects
Metal effect pigments Metal gloss by light reflection
Absorbtion pigments
Specific color by light absorbtion
![Page 115: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
115 05.09.02
Absorption of solid colors.
The more finely the pigment
particles are dispersed, the
higher the absorption and
therefore also the hiding power.
![Page 116: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
116 05.09.03
Saturation and hiding power.
high brilliance
low hiding power
low dispersion Coarse aluminium bronze
matt
good hiding power
high dispersion Fine aluminium bronze
![Page 117: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
117
One of the first silver Metallic Colours
![Page 118: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
118 05.09.04
Brilliance of aluminium bronze.
Coarse
aluminium
high gloss
low hiding power
low brightening
power
![Page 119: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
119 05.09.05
Brilliance of aluminium bronze.
Fine
aluminium bronze
low gloss
good hiding power
good brightening
power
![Page 120: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
120 05.09.06
Brilliance of aluminium bronze.
Silverdollar
top gloss
medium hiding
power
medium brightening
power
![Page 121: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
121 05.09.07
Aluminium effect pigments.
Corn Flake Al (400x, BF) Dollar Flake Al (400x, BF)
![Page 122: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
122 05.09.08
Flop behaviour of metallic colors.
Reflection on ideally oriented aluminium platelets
Reflection on unevenly oriented aluminium platelets
Viewing angle
Aluminium platelets
![Page 123: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
123 05.09.09
Absorption and scattering of metallic colors.
transparent red pigment
aluminium platelet
metallic basecoat
substrate
![Page 124: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
124 05.09.10
Raw material for pearl pigments.
Natural
Mica
![Page 125: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
125 05.09.12
Particle size and morphology.
<15 µm 5 - 25 µm 10 - 40 µm 20 - 100 µm 10 - 200 µm
Thickness: 0.1 - 0.5 µm
Unprocessed Mica particles
![Page 126: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
126 05.09.13
Electron Microscopic view of a Mica pigment.
![Page 127: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
127
TiO 2 -
TiO 2 -
TiO 2 - Layer
Mica
TiO 2 - Layer
Pearl Pigment (Silver-White)
![Page 128: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
128 05.09.16
Interference pigments (pearls).
depending on the thickness you get different reflection and
transmission colors
Coating: Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
40-60 nm 60-80 nm 80-100 nm 100-140 nm 120-
160 nm
![Page 129: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
129
One of the first Pearl White Colours
![Page 130: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
130 05.09.14
The substrate and coating principles.
Metal oxide (TiO2 for transp.)
Mica
Natural raw material: Mica
limited control over
substrate finish
Synthetically produced
substrate
exact control over
substrate finish
Metal oxide
Al2O3
Synthetically produced
substrate
exact control over
substrate finish
Metal oxide
SiO2
![Page 131: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
131 05.09.18
The influence of the substrate on interference pigments.
white substrate
higher dispersion
result:
blue content is weakened
black substrate
yellow content is absorbed
result:
strong blue in reflection
Iriodin 9225 (Mix 803 / Mix 303)
![Page 132: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
132 05.09.19
Frost / satin glow effect.
light
microtitanium particle
aluminium platelet
blue
green yellow
red
Mix 810 / Mix 310
![Page 133: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
133 05.09.27
Paliocrom.
Paliocrom L 2000 30,0% Corn Flake Al 1,5%
Phthalocyanine Green P.G. 36
Phthalocyanine Blue P.B. 15:2
Bright Field, 400x
Mix 806 / Mix 306
![Page 134: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
134 05.09.20
Comparison of pearl pigments (white).
400x, Bright Field 400x, Bright Field
Ir 9103 (Mix 801 / Mix 301) Ir 9121 (Mix 829 / Mix 329)
![Page 135: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
135 05.09.21
Iriodin 9205 Rutile Platinum Gold.
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
Mix 802 / Mix 302
![Page 136: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
136 05.09.22
Iriodin 9215 Rutile Red Pearl.
Mix 831 / Mix 331
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 137: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
137 05.09.23
Iriodin 9219 Rutile Lilac Pearl.
Mix 821 / Mix 321
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 138: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
138 05.09. 24
Iriodin 9225 Rutile Blue Pearl.
Mix 803 / Mix 303
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 139: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
139 05.09.25
Iriodin 9235 Rutile Green Pearl.
Mix 824 / Mix 324
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 140: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
140 05.09.26
Iriodin 9505 Red-Violet.
Mix 841 / Mix 341
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 141: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
141 05.09.28
New effect pigment generations.
![Page 142: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
142 05.09.29
Xirallic T60-10 SW Crystal Silver.
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 143: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
143 05.09.30
Xirallic T60-20 SW Sunbeam Gold.
200x, Bright Field 200x, Dark Field
![Page 144: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
144 05.09.31
New effect pigment generations.
![Page 145: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
145
Colorstream Pigment
![Page 146: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
146
Colorstream Pigment
![Page 147: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
147
Colorstream Pigment Arctic Fire
L*,a*,b*-values at different illumination/detection angles
![Page 148: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
148 05.09.32
Microscopic view of effect pigments on silica basis.
Colorstream
200x, Bright Field 400x, Bright Field
![Page 149: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
149 05.09.33
Colorstream F20-00 WNT.
Autumn Mystery
200x, Bright Field
![Page 150: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
150 05.09.34
Colorstream F20-00 WNT.
Autumn Mystery
400x, Bright Field
![Page 151: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
151 05.09.36
Colorstream T20-01 WNT.
Viola Fantasy
400x, Bright Field
![Page 152: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
152
Arctic Fire
Colorstream T20-02 WNT.
![Page 153: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
153
SiO2/MgF2
SiO2/MgF2
Cr/Ni/Al
Cr/Ni/Al
Al High reflectiv
Metal layer
Dielectric layer
Semi-transparent
metal layer
Dielectric layer
Semi-transparent
metal layer
Layers on a ChromaFlair Pigment
(Exclusive Line)
![Page 154: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
154 05.09.37
Chromaflair under the microscope.
Chromaflair Green - Purple
![Page 155: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
155
Chapter 2 • Formula Development
• OEM Deviations
• Different kinds of Pigments
• The Color Flop
![Page 156: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
156 05.12.15
Particle orientation with effect additive.
Ideal pigment orientation
Base coat without
effect additive
Slowed pigment orientation
…under the influence of effect
additive Mix 009
Standohyd Basecoat
![Page 157: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
157
Standohyd MIX characteristics
05.12.05
Mix 388 Mix 359 Mix 358 Mix 357
Mix 388
Flop
Mix 358
Flop
Mix 357
Flop
Transparent Mixing Colors
Flop
Mix 359
![Page 158: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
158
Standohyd MIX characteristics
Mix 388
Mix 388 Flop
Mix 359
Mix 359
Flop
Mix 358
Mix 358 Flop
Mix 357
Mix 357 Flop
Mix 358
Flop
Mix 357
Flop
05.12.06
Transparent Mixing Colors
Mix 388 Flop
Mix 359
Flop
![Page 159: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
159 05.12.22
Alu bronze
Standohyd Aluminium MIX’s
Why are there so many types of silver?
coarse silverdollar bronze
(Mix 311)
fine conventional bronze
(Mix 394)
![Page 160: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
160 05.12.23
Alu bronze
Standohyd Aluminium MIX’s
Mix 394 Mix 390 Mix 393 Mix 395/313
conventional, coarse types
brillant “silverdollar“ types
Mix 311/312 Mix 398
![Page 161: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
161 05.12.24
Alu bronze in comparison
Standohyd Aluminium MIX’s
Mix 394 Mix 390 Mix 393
Mix 398
finer greyer
coarser more brilliant
conventional alu bronzes seen from above
Mix 395 Mix 313*
*brill.version of 395
silverdollar bronzes seen from above
Mix 312 Mix 311*
*brill.version of 312
![Page 162: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
162 05.12.25
Alu bronze in comparison
more color intensive less color
intensive
greyer
more brilliant
Mix 398 Mix 311
Mix 394
Mix 390
Mix 393
Mix 395
Mix 313
Mix 312
Standohyd Aluminium MIX’s
![Page 163: Standox Coloristics](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050709/568c4cfa1a28ab4916a2346e/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
163