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Standards
Howard Gugel, Director of StandardsBoard of Trustees MeetingMay 5, 2016
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY2
• Reliability Benefits Ensure entities have capabilities for maintaining high quality real-time data
and analysis for reliable system operations Improve operator awareness of real-time system operating conditions Address FERC Order No. 693 directives
• Action Adopt IRO-018-1 Reliability Coordinator Real-time Reliability Monitoring
and Analysis Capabilities Adopt TOP-010-1 Real-time Reliability Monitoring and Analysis Capabilities
Real-time Monitoring and Analysis
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• Reliability Benefits Establishes continent-wide requirements for Remedial Action Schemes
(RAS) Retires three fill-in-the-blank standards
• Action Adopt Reliability Standard PRC-012-2 - Remedial Action Schemes
Remedial Action Schemes
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• Reliability Benefits Aligns the definition of Special Protection System (SPS) with the FERC-
approved RAS definition SPS definition will eventually be retired
• Action Adopt the revised definition of Special Protection System (SPS)
Definition of Special Protection System
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• Background Review of continent-wide Disturbance Monitoring Standard in NPCC Regional requirements covered PRC-002-2
• Action Retire PRC-002-NPCC-01 – Disturbance Monitoring
NPCC Disturbance Monitoring
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• Background Final ballot December 2015 approved retiring BAL-004-0 Coordination with NAESB to retire corresponding standard Communication outside industry Operating Committee developing guideline
• Action Information only
Time Error Correction
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Seasonal Assessments Delegated Authority to NERC Management
Holly Hawkins, Associate General CounselBoard of Trustees MeetingMay 5, 2016
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Background
• NERC Rules of Procedure, Section 803: NERC to produce three annual reliability assessment reports subject to
review and approval for publication by the NERC Board of Trustees These reports include:o Summer Reliability Assessment Reporto Winter Reliability Assessment Reporto Annual 10-year Long-Term Assessment Report
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Background
• Short-Term Special Assessments will explore emerging reliability issues in short-term to align with NERC’s 2016-2019 Strategic Plan
• Seasonal deterministic assessments will continue, including: Resource Adequacy analysis for upcoming summer and winter Peer reviews among NERC stakeholders to encourage information-sharing
and lessons-learned
• The format for seasonal assessments will be streamlined, providing higher value to targeted readers
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Action
• NERC management requesting that the Board of Trustees delegate authority to NERC’s Chief Executive Officer to authorize publication of seasonal assessments
• The Board of Trustees would continue to approve the publication of the annual Long-Term Reliability Assessment and the special assessments
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY5
Right-of-Way Assurance Project Results
Valerie Agnew, Senior Director, Compliance AssuranceBoard of Trustees MeetingMay 5, 2016
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• Conductor-to-ground fault caused a line outage• Entity performed a system-wide assessment• Significant differences in field conditions versus design• Impact on Facility Ratings• NERC confirmed similar findings with other entities
2010: Reliability Risk Discovered
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY3
• Level 2 Alert: “Consideration of Actual Field Conditions in Determination of Facility Ratings”
• Perform assessments within three year timeframe • Prioritize circuits by high, medium and low • Remediate discrepancies in one year Extension requests to be submitted to Regional Entity
FAC Alert (updated 11/30/2010)
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• 21,545 Bulk Electric System (BES) circuits surveyed• 6,074 circuits with one or more discrepancies (28%) • 59,210 discrepancies identified• Majority of the remediation work is complete
Industry Response
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FAC Alert Update (as of Jan 2016)
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FAC Alert Update (as of Jan 2016)
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FAC Alert Update (as of Jan 2016)
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• ERO Enterprise Strategic Plan 2015-2018, Metric 3, Measure 6: Right-of-Way Clearances
• Complete site visits to assure that entities with high priority line discrepancies completed remediation
• Provide good utility practices and cost-effective programs developed by entities to sustain adequate conductor clearances
ROW Assurance Project
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• Excellent preparation and documentation• Validation 100% successful No concerns that work was not completed Conclusion: High confidence (95%) that remediation completed
Site Visit Results – Validation Review
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• Increased awareness of ROW clearance issues• Good examples of enhanced work practices• Maintaining Transmission Line Ratings Consistent with As-built
Conditions, Good Utility Practices (Dec 2015) http://www.nerc.com/pa/rrm/bpsa/Pages/Facility-Ratings-Alert.aspx As-built verification after line construction / maintenance Manage ROW encroachments Enhanced periodic line patrols Increased clearance buffer (safety margins) Organized corporate management Survey frequency strategy
Site Visit Results – Good Utility Practices
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• ERO and industry collaborated to mitigate a significant risk • Major investment by industry to preserve reliability • Baseline of ratings accuracy re-established• Efforts underway to maintain progress into the future Renewed focus on ROW management Improvements in accuracy of ratings
FAC Alert Conclusions
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Emerging ERO Programs:
Advanced Analytics and Modeling
Mark Lauby, Senior Vice President and Chief Reliability Officer
Board of Trustees Meeting
May 5, 2016
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY2
• Case and Model Quality Dynamic Load Modeling
Model Notifications
Power Plant Model Verification (PPMV)
• Frequency Response and Inertia Study
• Inter-Area Oscillation Study
Advanced Analytics and Modeling: Areas of Focus
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59.8
59.85
59.9
59.95
60
60.05
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Case and Model Quality
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Case and Model Quality
• Reasonableness of the data for individual element models that comprise the powerflow and dynamics cases
• Phase 1 Case Quality Metric Assessment published Dec 2015 Focused mostly on power flow data
Automation scripts shared with industry
MMWG selectively adopted Phase 1 Metrics in Procedure Manual
• Phase 2 Case Quality Metric Assessment targeted for Dec 2016
• Additional power flow and dynamic parameters
• Power flow: circulating VARs and currents for parallel transformers
• Dynamics: generator air gap saturation and inertia constants
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY5
Dynamic Load Modeling
• Purpose and Objective• Improve load models to represent their impacts and contributions to the
stability of the system
• Dynamic Load Modeling and FIDVR Workshop in 2015
• NERC Load Modeling Task Force kicked off , coordinating with Regional load modeling groups• Broad group of specialists– planners, software vendors, load behavior
experts, and system modelers
• Support use of Composite Load Model
• Deliverables and Timeline Reliability Guidelines in 2016
Technical Reference Documents in 2017
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY6
Model NotificationFe
ed
bac
k Tr
ack
Model Builders & OEM
Model NotificationsApproved by
System Analysis Modeling
Subcommittee
Model NotificationApproval/Analysis and
Posting Process
Periodic Review of Model Notifications
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Model NotificationFe
ed
bac
k Tr
ack
Depending on the
Notification
GOs
TOs/ TPs
BAs/ PCs
Model Builders & OEM
Model NotificationsApproved by
System Analysis Modeling
Subcommittee
Model NotificationApproval/Analysis and
Posting Process
Periodic Review of Model Notifications
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY8
Power Plant Model Verification
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Record: - POI bus voltage- POI bus frequency- Power plant MWs and MVARs
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Substation
• Purpose and Objectives PMU recorded system response
compared with simulated response
Unit not off-line to validate model
Address MOD-026 & MOD-027
• Measurement of unit performance during disturbances can be used to verify simulation models
• Deliverables and Timeline: Guideline in 4th Quarter
Measurement DataSimulation Data
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY9
Frequency Response and Inertia Study
• Purpose and Objectives Sufficient primary frequency response and inertia to assure reliability
Study effects on interconnections:
o High penetrations of Variable Energy Resources (VERs)
o Clean Power Plan (CPP) retirements
• Analysis Scenarios and Study
Business as Usual Case, Constrained Interstate Trading, High Renewables, Nuclear Retirements
Study impacts on Eastern Interconnection (EI)
• Timeline
Technical Report in Q4 2016
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY10
Inter-Area Oscillation Analysis
• Purpose and Objectives• Sustained oscillations are a sign of a weak system
Identify inter-area modes in each of the interconnections
Understand modal characteristics using PMU data from major grid events
Collaborate with Reliability Coordinators for data and key findings
• Deliverables and Timeline Report summarizing Western, Texas, and Eastern Interconnections
Technical Reports in Q3 of 2017
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Background slides
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• Rapid penetration of new loads
• Retirement/displacement of conventional generation Variable energy resources
Rapid penetration of electronically-coupled resources
• Essential Reliability Services Reduced inertia
Frequency Reponses
Voltage Support
• System controls and protection coordination
• Modeling and simulation constraints
• Increasing interface with distribution-centric resources
System Dynamic Character is Changing
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Objectives
• Advance ERO’s analytical engineering capabilities
• Perform forensic analysis of significant system disturbances
• Conduct interconnection-wide analyses
• Subject-matter expertise to support standards and guidelines
• Industry leadership on advanced system studies and modeling
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Strategic Goals
1. Improve power system models and modeling cases
2. Understand changing grid characteristics, behaviors and performance through advanced analysis
3. Provide superior technical analysis and engineering support for ERO initiatives
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Implementation Approach: 1-Model Improvement
• Assess and improve power system models and practices PMU-based power plant and system model verification
Dynamic load modeling
Power plant model verification
Hybrid planning-operations models
• Provide feedback loop to ensure high model quality and fidelity Review industry practices, available analysis
Leverage on available studies to identify benefits
Develop notifications for model use
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Power Plant Model Verification (PPMV)
• Objectives Support industry with MOD-026 and MOD-027 modeling standards
Improve power plant models using disturbance-based approaches
Minimize need for offline testing for re-verification of models
• Deliverables & Timeline Reliability Guideline on PPMV (Q3 2016)
Pilot project for developing materials for MOD standards (Q2 2017)
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Record: - POI bus voltage- POI bus frequency- Power plant MWs and MVARs
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Power Plant
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Substation
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Dynamic Load Modeling
• Objectives Drive development & advancement of dynamic load models
o Supporting advancement of composite load model
Provide technical materials and guidance on modeling practices
Create and support the NERC Load Modeling Task Force (LMTF)
• Deliverables & Timeline Reliability Guidelines and Technical Reference Documents (2016 & 2017)
Improved models and uniformity across software platforms (2017)
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Implementation Approach: 2- Power System Analysis
• Perform advanced engineering analysis to understand changing grid characteristics, behaviors and performance Frequency Response and Inertia—trends for critical contingencies in each
interconnection under future resource mixes
Inter-Area Oscillation—Mode shape, frequency, and damping margin needed for the largest damping change in each interconnection
Voltage and reactive support—Minimum dynamic reactive support needed for voltage excursions
Short circuit strength—Grid strength indicators
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY20
Frequency Response & Inertia Analysis
• Objective & Purpose
Study effects on interconnection primary frequency response
o High penetrations of Variable Energy Resources (VERs)
o Clean Power Plan (CPP) retirements
• Analysis Scenarios
Business as Usual Case, Constrained Interstate Trading, High Renewables, Nuclear Retirements
• Perform Frequency Response Study
Benchmark Eastern Interconnect (EI) model
Modify plant governor and load controller model
• Timeline• Q4 2016 for Technical Reports
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Inter-Area Oscillation Analysis
• Purpose• Identify under what scenario/conditions oscillation is sign of a weak
system and find the fix
• Objectives Better understand inter-area modes in each of the interconnections
Identify modal characteristics using PMU data from major grid events
Use Reliability Coordinator(RC) collaboration for Special Reliability Assessment
• Deliverables Report summarizing modes in the, Western, ERCOT, and Eastern
Interconnection
Detailed report of analysis from study
• Timeline Tentatively Q3 2017 for Technical Reports
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY22
Implementation Approach: 3-Technical Support and Outreach
• Provide technical expertise, research, and insights Technical References, Reliability Guidelines, whitepapers
Technical support for Reliability Standards
Transition insights from engineering analysis to actionable industry guidance
Partner with research and academic institutions
RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY23
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E-ISAC Update
Marcus Sachs, Senior VP & Chief Security OfficerBoard of TrusteesMay 5, 2016
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• Sharing and reporting 286 E-ISAC staff posts to the portal 47 member responses to the portal items 40 additional posts to the portal from members 106 calls to the E-ISAC hotline 641 new portal accounts
• Products Monthly reports and webinars on the first Tuesday of each month Weekly reports every Monday afternoon Daily reports started in January 2016 First annual report published in January Monthly CRISP executive reports
Summary of Q1 2016
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• Level 2 (Recommendation) NERC Alert Issued in response to the December 2015 cyber attacks in Ukraine Covered recommendations developed after an onsite visit in January Public report (Analysis of Cyber Attack on the Ukrainian Power Grid)
published in March
• Design Basis Threat (DBT) Report First DBT for the electricity sector Helps asset owners understand physical threat tactics, techniques, and
procedures that would most likely be used by a typical threat group Lowers costs of physical protections
Alerts and Reports
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• GridEx III Reports Public report and two restricted reports Covers lessons learned and recommendations from the distributed play
and executive tabletop portions of the exercise
Alerts and Reports
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• Published initial findings report on January 4, 2016• Participated in on-site visit in January• Issued Level 2 (Recommendation) NERC Alert on February 9• Published a public report, “Analysis of Cyber Attack on the
Ukrainian Power Grid” Released to E-ISAC members on March 18 Released to general public on March 21
• Provided detailed briefings to CIPC and other venues• Supported DHS and ICS-CERT briefings and webinars• Developing multi-day onsite training and awareness sessions
Ukraine Event December 23, 2015
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• Staffing Twenty (20) employees plus two contractors in the Washington, DC office Physical security analysis positions open; recruiting under way Member services manager (ESCC recommendation) recruiting under way
• Technology Staff email domain moved from @nerc.net to @eisac.com Portal-to-platform project initiated
E-ISAC Staffing and Support
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• 2016 Work Plan approved at the March MEC meeting Publish a “How-To” Guide (“Understanding Your E-ISAC”) Develop E-ISAC Products and Services List Define E-ISAC Role in Classified Briefings Establish User Communities Develop Strawmen for E-ISAC Reports Pilot Automated Information Sharing (Platform) Initiate Improvements to the Portal Develop Plan to Evaluate 24/7 Watch and Notification Capability Conduct Site Pen Testing
• All items on track (“green”) at end of Q1
Member Executive Committee
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