Standard Model of Open Computing - ANJ 19Aug15 · 2017-12-14 · Towards a Standard Model of Open...
Transcript of Standard Model of Open Computing - ANJ 19Aug15 · 2017-12-14 · Towards a Standard Model of Open...
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Towards a Standard Model of Open Computing LinuxCon North America - August 19th, 2015 Adam Jollans, Cross-IBM Linux and Open Virtualization Strategy, IBM
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
Fundamental Components of Matter
• Molecules
• Atoms
• Electrons and Nucleus
• Protons and Neutrons
• Quarks
Ø Standard Model of Particle Physics
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Fundamental Components of Open Computing ?
• Stacks • eg LAMP, Linux Distributions
• Foundations • eg Apache Foundation
• Projects • eg Hadoop
• Sub-projects • eg OpenStack Nova
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Creation
• Innovation • Individual • Small group • University • IT Vendor • Customer
• Existing Community • Starting new project or subproject • Splitting of project
• Open sourcing of existing code • Contribution to open source community
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Forces
• Same Project • eg Linux
• Same Community • eg Apache, Eclipse
• Default Usage • eg LAMP Stack
• Open Source
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Decay
• Forking • eg MySQL => MariaDB
• Acquisition • eg Xen => Citrix
• Change of Leadership • eg resignation of “Benevolent Dictator for Life”
• Technology Shifts • eg Symbian => Android
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Exclusion Principle
• Can multiple projects occupy the same niche ? • Gnome & KDE • MySQL & MariaDB • OpenStack & CloudStack
• Industry Forces • Concurrent Innovations • Forking • Critical mass of Community • Ecosystem support
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“Quantum” Numbers
• Size of Community • Developers • Corporate Members
• Openness • 0 – single organization controlling • ½ - open community with multiple contributors • 1 – foundation with open governance
• Spin • 0 – no marketing • ½ - single vendor marketing • 1 – open marketing community
• Market Adoption • Downloads • Usage
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XtraLarge Projects and Open Communities
• 2010 study by Henrik Ingo into popular open source projects, comparing governance models vs size of community
• 9 projects (Linux, KDE, Apache, Eclipse, Perl+CPAN, Mozilla+Addons, Gnome, Drupal and GNU) stood out as significantly larger - roughly 10 times - than any others
• All of these projects, categorized as "XtraLarge", were developed as collaborative community projects governed by non-profit foundations
• There appears to be a glass ceiling limiting the growth of the Large single-vendor projects (MySQL, Qt, OpenOffice, Mono, JBoss)
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Henrik Ingo - http://openlife.cc/blogs/2010/november/how-grow-your-open-source-project-10x-and-revenues-5x
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The LAMP Stack
• Popular solution stack for dynamic web applications
• Built out of fundamental components • Linux • Apache HTTP server • MySQL Database • PHP / Python / Perl Scripting language
• All open source building blocks • Various forces linking components together
• Components are interchangeable • Python, Perl, MariaDB,…
• Evolved rather than designed
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Linux
1
1
249 members
MySQL
0
½
? developers
Perl
½
½
17 members
Python
½
½
17 members
PHP
½
½
17 members
Apache
½
½
114 committers
Apache
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Linux Kernel
• Operating System Kernel
• Active Development Contributions • Over 3,500 individual developers • Over 200 companies
• Linux Foundation • Board of Directors • 249 Corporate Members • Professional Team • Marketing Activities - events, publications, blogs • Independent Technical Leadership
• Fellows
• Market Adoption • 51.6% market share – new physical servers
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Linux
1
1
3597 contributors
“Linux Kernel Development - How Fast is it Going, Who is Doing It, What Are They Doing and Who is Sponsoring the Work” – Linux Foundation
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Apache HTTP Server
• Web Server
• Development Contributions • 8 original core contributors • Today - contributors, committers, PMC
• Apache Software Foundation • Board of Directors • Volunteer Leadership • Consensus, collaborative approach • Events subcontracted to Linux Foundation • Independent Technical Leadership
• Project Management Committees
• Market Adoption • 37.5% cumulative market share – 327 million servers
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“August 2015 Web Server Survey” – Netcraft - http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/
Apache
1
1
31 contributors
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MySQL
• Relational Database
• Development Contributions • Originally developed by MySQL AB
• Ownership • Copyright held by vendor • Dual licensing – GPL and proprietary • MySQL AB acquired by Sun • Sun acquired by Oracle • MySQL 5.5 forked into MariaDB (GPL only)
• Market Adoption • Second most popular relational database
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“DB-Engines Ranking” - http://db-engines.com/en/ranking
MySQL
0
½
? contributors
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Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects
• Goal: to spread the collaborative DNA of Linux to new fields to enable innovation and access for all.
• Criteria: that must be met in order for the Linux Foundation to host a Collaborative Project:
1. The use of open source governance best practices including license and contribution agreement choices in keeping with the ideals of Linux
2. The project must have the potential to fuel innovation in an industry through collaborative software development
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Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects - http://collabprojects.linuxfoundation.org
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Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects
15 Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects - http://collabprojects.linuxfoundation.org
Framework for Platform-as-a-Service
Open Virtualization built on Linux
Server-side Runtime Environment
Software Defined Networking
Open Virtualization Hypervisor
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Apache Foundation Projects
16 Apache Projects Directory - https://projects.apache.org/projects.html?number
Framework for Big Data processing
Framework for IaaS Cloud computing
Document-oriented NoSQL database
Cluster computing framework
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Black Duck Open Hub
17 Black Duck Open Hub - https://www.openhub.net
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IBM LinuxOne Open Source Components
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Distributions Hypervisors Languages Runtimes Management Database Analytics
LINUX YOUR WAY
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Hot Projects
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Framework for IaaS Cloud computing
Tools for packaging and deploying applications in containers
Relational database, forked from MySQL
Document-oriented NoSQL database
Configuration management tools
Open Compute Project – sharing designs of data center projects
Open Hardware
Distributed NoSQL database
Orchestration for Docker containers
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OpenStack
• Software for IaaS Clouds
• Active Development Contributions • Over 2,000 individual developers • Over 500 companies
• OpenStack Foundation • Board of Directors • Technical Committee • User Committee • 25 Corporate Members • 117 Corporate Sponsors • 393 Supporting Organizations • Professional Team • Marketing Activities - events, publications, blogs
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OpenStack
1
1
2157 contributors
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OpenPOWER
• Open Technical Community based on the POWER architecture • Chip Design • System Design • Open Source Software
• OpenPOWER Foundation • Board of Directors • Technical Steering Committee • Work Groups • Marketing Committee • Advisory Group • 140 Corporate and Academic Members and Associates
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OpenPOWER
1
1
140 members
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Layers for an Open Computing Model
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Management Programming Database App Server OS Hardware
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Strawman Open Computing Model
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PostgreSQL
½
½
20 contribs
OCP
1
1
? members
Management Programming Database App Server OS Hardware
OpenPower
1
1
140 members
Linux
1
1
3597 contribs
Docker
½
½
627 contribs
OpenDaylight
1
1
364 contribs
JBoss
½
½
126 contribs
node.JS
1
1
120 contribs
Hadoop
1
1
86 contribs
Spark
1
1
587 contribs
Eclipse
1
1
126 contribs
Apache
1
1
31 contribs
Apache
CloudStack
1
1
139 contribs
OpenStack
1
1
2157 contribs
OpenStack OpenShift
½
½
147 contribs
CloudFoundry
1
1
950 contribs
Puppet
½
½
147 contribs
Chef
½
½
139 contribs
Cassandra
1
1
109 contribs
MongoDB
½
½
115 contribs
Xen
1
1
120 contribs
KVM
1
1
357 contribs
Kubernetes
½
½
457 contribs
Perl
1
1
85 contribs
Python
1
1
52 contribs
PHP
½
½
210 contribs
MariaDB
½
½
66 members
MySQL
0
½
? contribs
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Future Directions
• Rise of Open Foundations • Best practice governance • Avoids decay or single vendor lock-in
• Architectural considerations • Currently mainly point-to-point • Multi-directional within Foundations
• Gaps • Open x86 hardware • Business applications
• Further work • Refining “quantum numbers”
• Feedback invited • Are the layers correct, what projects are missing ? • [email protected]
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