Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels...
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![Page 1: Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the emission or absorption.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc01a28abf838ca3cf8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Standard 2 1. energy changes in the atom specific to the movement of electrons between energy levels in an atom resulting in the
emission or absorption of quantum energy. 2. emission of high-energy particles results from nuclear
changes 3. that matter can be converted to energy during nuclear
reactions.
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2.1
Evaluate quantum energy changes in the atom in terms of the energy
contained in light emissions.
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• A. What is the relationship between wavelength and energy? What would the graph look like?
• Increase - Decrease
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Visible light • least Energy and the longest wavelength?• Red• Most Energy and the shortest wavelength?• Violet
Hint:ROYGBIV
Hint:ROYGBIV
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ROY GIV
• Red = lower energy because Roy is a lazy boy
• Violet = higher energy
• Remember energy and wavelength are opposites.
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b. Lab evidence energy, electrons and energy levels?
• What happens to an electron when it is excited?
• It jumps to a higher energy level – absorbing a quanta (amount) of energy.
• What happens when it falls back down to its ground state?
• It emits light of a specific wavelength (color)
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• When elements are heated or electrically excited, they may give a line spectrum.
• They absorb only certain amounts of energy, or quanta. Then energy as the electron falls back down.
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Each element has its own set of lines. Analyzing lines from distant stars tell us what elements are present in the star.
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• The reason that the images are lines is that the light from the lamp is focused on a narrow slit. The illustration shows the separation of a light beam into its component colors
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Unknown
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Flame test
• Works in the same way to identify some elements.
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Barium Calcium Sodium RubidiumWhat is the unknown?
Put these in order from lowest to highest Energy.
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2.2
Nuclear Reactions
Changes in the nucleus of an atom result in emission of radioactivity. --
Radioactive means unstable
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Can matter be converted to energy?
• Yes but only in nuclear reactions
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Fission Reactions
• Fission occurs when atoms split, ex nuclear bombs.
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Fusion reactions
• Fusion occurs when atoms combine to form bigger atoms. Ex. hydrogen turns into helium in the sun.
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Elements with unstable nucleus will become stable by emitting?
• Particles – The most common are are α, β and γ.
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alpha (helium nucleus) emission:
• U⟶He + Th (stopped by paper)
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beta (electron) emission
• C N + ⟶ e
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gamma emission:
• Tc-m Tc + ⟶ γ (stopped by lead)
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Put in order of mass. From least to greatest.
Gama y Beta , Alpha ,
Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron
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Put in order of penetrating power. From least to greatest.
Alpha , Beta , Gama y
Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron
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Put in order of Energy . From least to greatest.
Alpha , Beta , Gama y
Hint: – Alpha is a Helium, Beta is an electron
Same as penetrating power
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2.2.3 Symbol
Actual
Mass
Penetrating Power
Energy
α 4 Little (Paper stops)
Low
β ~0 Medium
Medium
γ 0 High (5 ft concrete)
Very High
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What are the effects of radiation?
Good Bad
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Radioactive – the good
• Tracer - To identify and diagnose
• The medicine, iodine 131, is a proven cancer fighter.
• But it's also radioactive, and in higher doses, can cause cancer
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What are the dangers of radiation?
• small doses may burn tissue, disable cell division and the immune system.
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Small doses over time may cause cancer and genetic defects.
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Large doses• Death from radiation
sickness is often by dehydration because the digestive tract is damaged.
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Marie Curie
• Discovered radiation but eventually died from it.
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Turtles exposed to radiation
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What is the difference between nuclear reactions and chemical
reactions?• Nuclear reactions involve changes in the
nucleus.• Chemical reactions involve valence (outer shell
electrons.
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What is the difference between Energy produced in nuclear
reactions and chemical reactions?• Nuclear Reactions produces much higher
amounts of energy
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What is half life?
• The time it takes for half of an unstable element to decay.
• How do we use this?• To determine the age of a substance –
radiometric/ radioactive or carbon dating
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What is the concentration at 200 years?
•
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• How many years old is this when 20 % of the strontium is left?