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Standard: 1c Articles: 160 Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53) Practice Problems: 162(7-9) Homework...
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Transcript of Standard: 1c Articles: 160 Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53) Practice Problems: 162(7-9) Homework...
Standard: 1cArticles: 160Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)Practice Problems: 162(7-9)HomeworkCornell Notes: 6.2Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)Labs: 170
1
Section 6-2Section 6.2 Classification of the Elements
Explain why elements in the same group have similar properties.
valence electron: electron in an atom's outermost orbitals; determines the chemical properties of an atomIdentify the four blocks of
the periodic table based on their electron configuration.
Elements are organized into different blocks in the periodic table according to their electron configurations.
Section 6-2Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
Recall electrons in the highest principal energy level are called valence electrons.
All group 1 elements have one valence electron.
Section 6-2Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration (cont.)
The energy level of an element’s valence electrons indicates the period on the periodic table in which it is found.
The number of valence electrons for elements in groups 13-18 is ten less than their group number.
Section 6-2Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration (cont.)
Section 6-2The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
The shape of the periodic table becomes clear if it is divided into blocks representing the atom’s energy sublevel being filled with valence electrons.
Section 6-2The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
s-block elements consist of group 1 and 2, and the element helium.
Group 1 elements have a partially filled s orbital with one electron.
Group 2 elements have a completely filled s orbital with two electrons.
Section 6-2The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
After the s-orbital is filled, valence electrons occupy the p-orbital.
Groups 13-18 contain elements with completely or partially filled p orbitals.
Section 6-2The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
The d-block contains the transition metals and is the largest block.
There are exceptions, but d-block elements usually have filled outermost s orbital, and filled or partially filled d orbital.
The five d orbitals can hold 10 electrons, so the d-block spans ten groups on the periodic table.
Section 6-2The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements (cont.)
The f-block contains the inner transition metals.
f-block elements have filled or partially filled outermost s orbitals and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f orbitals.
The 7 f orbitals hold 14 electrons, and the inner transition metals span 14 groups.
Standard: 1cArticles: 160Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)Practice Problems: 162(7-9)HomeworkCornell Notes: 6.2Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)Labs: 170
11
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
41. Why do the elements chlorine and iodine have similar chemical properties? (6.2)
They have the same valence electron configuration (s2p5 ).
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
42. How are the numbers of valence electrons of the group A elements related to the group number? (6.2)
The number of valence electrons equals the group number for group A elements.
43. How is the energy level of an atom’s valence electrons related to the period it is in on the periodic table? (6.2)
The energy level of an atom’s valence electrons equals its period number.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
44. How many valence electrons do each of the noble gases have? (6.2)
All noble gases have eight valence electrons, except for helium, which has two.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
45. What are the four blocks of the periodic table? (6.2)
s-, p-, d-, and f-block
46. In general, what electron configuration has the greatest stability? (6.2)
ns2np6, where n is the energy level
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block in which each of the following elements is located on the periodic table. (6.2)
a.[Kr]5s24d1
18
a.[Kr]5s24d1 [Kr] =36
s
f
d
pPeriod
Group3B
the group, period, and block
47.a.Group:3B, period 5, d-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block in which each of the following elements is located on the periodic table. (6.2)
b. [Ar]4s23d104p3
21
[Ar]4s23d104p3
[Ar] =18
s
f
d pPeriod
Group5A
the group, period, and block
[18+2+10+3=33
47.
b. Group-5A,
period 4,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block in which each of the following elements is located on the periodic table. (6.2)
c. [He]2s22p6
24
[He]2s22p6
[He] =2
s
f
d pPeriod
Group8A
the group, period, and block
[2+2+6=10
47.
c. Group-8A,
period 2,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
47. Determine the group, period, and block in which each of the following elements is located on the periodic table. (6.2)
d. [Ne]3s23p1
27
[Ne]3s23p1
[Ne] =10
s
f
d pPeriod
Group3A
the group, period, and block
[10+2+1=13
47.
d. Group-3A,
period 3,
p-block
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
48. Categorize each of the elements in problem 47 as a representative element or a transition metal. (6.2)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
30
a.[Kr]5s24d1 [Kr] =36
Representative or transition
[36+2+1=39
Representative or transition
48. Categorize each of the as a representative element or a transition metal. (6.2)
a.[Kr]5s24d1
transition element
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
32
[Ar]4s23d104p3
[Ar] =18
[18+2+10+3=33
Representative or transition
Representative or transition
48.
b. [Ar]4s23d104p3
representative element
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
34
[He]2s22p6
[He] =2
[2+2+6=10
Representative or transition
Representative or transition
48.
c. [He]2s22p6
representative element
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
36
[Ne]3s23p1
[Ne] =10
[10+2+1=13
Representative or transition
Representative or transition
48.
d. [Ne]3s23p1
representative element
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
49. Explain how an atom’s valence electron configuration determines its place on the periodic table. (6.2)
Elements in a given column have the same number of valence electrons. The energy level of an atom’s valence electrons determines its period.
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50. Write the electron configuration for the element fitting each of the following descriptions. (6.2)
40
6s
5d
6p
the metal in group 5A
Noble gas=Xe
4f
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
a. the metal in group 5A
Bi:
[Xe]6s24f145d106p3
42
3s 3p
b. the halogen in period 3Noble gas=Ne
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50.
b. the halogen in period 3
Cl:
[Ne]3s23p5
44
2s
c. the alkali metal in period 2
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50. c. the alkali metal in period 2
Li : [He]2s1
46
6s
5d
transition metal that is a liquid at room temperature
Noble gas=Xe
4f
Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-50)
50. d. the transition metal that is a liquid at room temperature
Hg:
[Xe]6s24f145d10
Standard: 1cArticles: 160Mastering Concepts: 174 (41-53)Cornell Notes: 6.2Section Assessment: 162 (10-13)Labs: 170Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
48
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)7. Without using the periodic table, determine the group, period, and block of an atom with the following electron configurations.
a. [Ne]3s2
b. [He]2s2
c. [Kr]5s24d105p5
7. Electron
configuration Group Period Block
a.[Ne]3s2 2A 3s
7. Electron
configuration Group Period Block
b. [He]2s2 2A 2s
7. Electron
configuration Group Period Block
c. [Kr]5s24d105p5 7A 5 p
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element fitting each of the following descriptions.
a. The group 2A element in the fourth period
b. The noble gas in the fifth period
c. The group 2B element in the fourth period
d. The group 6A element in the second period
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element fitting each of the following descriptions.
a. The group 2A element in the fourth period
[Ar]4s2
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element fitting each of the following descriptions.
b. The noble gas in the fifth period
[Xe]
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element fitting each of the following descriptions.
c. The group 2B element in the fourth period
[Ar]4s23d10
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
8. Write the electron configuration of the element fitting each of the following descriptions.
d. The group 6A element in the second period
[He]2s22p4
Practice Problems: 162(7-9)
9. What are the symbols for the elements with the following valence electron configurations?
a. s2d1
Sc, Y, La, Acb. s2p3
b. N, P, As, Sb, Bi
c. s2p6
c. Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn