Standard 13The student will identify major

efforts to reform American society

and politics in the Progressive Era.

A

Upton Sinclair

He wrote The Jungle about the

meatpacking industry.

He was attempting to change

the working conditions but

instead changed the way that

our country processed its

meat.

The government started to

monitor the meatpacking

industry after this point.

B

Social Reforms

Settlement House workers

like Jane Addams and

Florence Kelly worked to

get laws passed for social

justice

They lobbied for: women’s

suffrage, better schools,

juvenile courts, more liberal

divorce laws, safety

regulations for workers and

tenements

Hull HouseIt was created by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr to provide services to the community.

They believed that for social workers to be able to help a neighborhood or community they had to live in the area with the people they were trying to help.

C

Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Dubois

Created the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881.

He urged his students to try and become skilled in a trade and to put aside the desires of political equality.

He felt that African Americans would gain acceptance through economics in stead of politics.

His message appealed to many African Americans and also calmed whites worries about educated African Americans trying to seek equality in society.

Dubois argued that the brightest African Americans had to step forward to lead their people in their quest for political and social equality and civil rights.

He wanted African Americans to get an advanced liberal arts education instead of getting a vocational education.

He urged African Americans to take pride in both their African and American heritages.

He worked closely with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

He became the best-known black leader of the early 20th century.

Jim Crow

The system of legal segregation.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court

decision in 1896 that set

up the idea of separate-

but-equal.

This decision allowed for

legal segregation of

blacks and whites.

Lynching

It increased across the

country as whites worked

to keep African

Americans from

exercising their rights.

Between 1882 and 1892,

an estimated 1200

African Americans were

lynched.

The NAACP worked hard

throughout the time to try and gain

equality for African Americans.

D

The MuckrakersThese forerunners to investigative journalists used the print media to spread news about the evils and ills of big business and corrupt government

By 1910 the power of the muckrakers was in decline

Banks that financed the magazines were telling them to tone down the criticism and also the sensationalism was getting tough to top

Muckrakers included:

– Ida Tarbell: “The history of Standard Oil Company” (1902)

– Lincoln Steffans: Shame of the Cities (1904)

– Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives (1890)

– Frank Norris: The Octopus and The Pit- Novels

E

Political Reforms in the Cities and States

Changes in Voter Participation

Secret Ballot- by 1910 all states were holding secret ballots

Direct Primaries- candidates are chosen by party members voting instead of by party bosses

Direct election of U.S. Senators- the 17th Amendment required direct election of Senators

Initiative, Referendum, Recall-

– Initiative- voters can force a bill to be considered

– Referendum- Voters directly decide on a proposed law

– Recall- Voters can remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politicians

Tenements

These were crowded apartment buildings with poor standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort.

As numerous tenements were built in an area it would become a slum.

Disease and fire were constant threats.

Jacob RiisRiis was a writer who documented the tenement conditions in his book, How the Other Half Lives.

Due to the graphic nature of his writing and the pictures he had of the tenements, he was able to get New York State to pass the first laws to improve tenements.

Homework

Page 516: 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 13

Page 542: 1, 3, 5, 9, and 10

Page 582: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, and 16

You do not need to write out the questions.