Stain Identification

8/3/2019 Stain Identification

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StainIdentification


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How Do I Know Whatit is??

Smell it and try to identifythe odor.

Look at its color and

appearance.

Feel it to check the


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stain

Identification of Stainsthrough

Results

Lookof

Stain

Feelof

fabric

SmellfromFabric

removed

Not

removed

Blood Reddishbrown

incolor

If driedfabric gotstiff andhard

Noobjectionableodour unlessstain is veryold.

Can beremoved

Mud Yellowishbrown

incolor

If dried

Becomegranular/powdery andfabric gotstiff.

Earthysmell

Can beremoved

Urine

yellow/pale

It is yellow

to brown incolour and

Unpleasant

andobjectionable

Difficult toremove


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IceCream

Absorbedstain ofvariouscolours . Onscratching ,will turnwhite.

Stiff if dried.Sticky if freshin form ofsplashes onthe garment.

Noobjectionableodour

Can beremoved

Beer Yellow tolight brownstain

Fabric gotlittle bit stiff

Malty-sweetish-soursmell

Can beremoved

Coffee Light browndark brownin colour

Fabric gotstiff

Emits thesmell ofcoffee

Can beremoved

Tea Beige tobrown incolor

Fabric gotstiff

Emits sourodour due topresence ofmilk

Can beremoved

Soft drink

Varied in

colour

Sticky if stainis fresh.Turns white

whenscratched on

No

objectionableodour

Can be

removed


5/23

Hair

oil

oilysurface invaried

colour

Oily/greasyto

touch

Perfumed,pleasant

smell

Can beremoved

Grease Brown toBlack incolour

Stickysurface

No smell Can beremoved

CookingOils Pale yellow

in colourOily to

touchNo

objectionableodour

Can beremoved

Ball-Point

pen

Blue,black, redin colour,

in form oflines orspots.

Stiff whendried.


Creams Oilysurface in

form ofsmears/sp

Oily andsticky and

got stiff ondrying

Unpleasant andobjectionable

odour, whenmoisten with

Can beremoved


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CarbonPaper

Colourrangesfrom brownto black,

red , green,blue

Greasy andmostly inform of

smears.


ChewingGum

Grey toblack incolourdepending

uponamount ofsoilingadhering toit.

Sticky andrubbery totouch.

Smell dependson the flavouradded to the

chewing gum

Can beremoved

Chocolate

Reddish-brown incolour

Sticky whenwet. And inirrgularshape

Sweetodour

Can beremoved

CrayonIt can be ofany colour

Hasgreasy

appearance



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Gelatin Light brown

semi-transparentStainresembeling toglue.

Partiallyabsorbed inthe fabric,impartingstiffness tofabric

odourlessCan be

removed

GrassGreen to lightgreen incolour.

Stain can bein form ofsmears.


GravyIts pale yellowto brown incolour.

If absorbed inthe fabric,imparting

stiffness tofabric

Emitsobjectionable smell

whenmoisten

Can beremoved

Ketchup It is light red tolight brown incolour.

If absorbedfabric gotlightly stiff.

Strongpungentsmell

Can beremoved


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Lipstick

Usuallyred incolourand inform of

smears.

Has greasyappearance

Has pleasantsmell.

Can beremoved.

Mustard

Rangingin colouryellow tobrown.

Its a

powderystain, fabricis lightly stiff.

ProducesPungentessential oilsmell whenmoisten.

Can beremoved.

Perspiration

Foundwith a ringof samecolour ofthe fabric.

A ring ofcolour sameas fabric,thering beinglighter in thecentre than

edges.

When moistenthe stain cangive off anodour.

Can beremoved.

Rust ReddishBrown incolour. Itcan be ofany shapeor size.

Powderysurface.

No Smell Can beremoved

Can be


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Smoke

BlackPatchesandsmearsallover

sootyappearance

Sootyappearance

Smokecharacterodour

Can beremoved.

ShoePolish

Found onhem ofpants and

dresses.Colourcan bebrown,black andmahogany.

Waxy /greasysurface

Strong smellof turpentine

oil.

Can beremoved.

TobaccoJuice

Darkbrown incolour.Irregularin shape.

Found with aring of darkbrowncolour on thefabric.

Tobaccosmell

Can beremoved.

Curry Yellow to


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Cherry/Black

berry

Yellow tobrown incolour.

Sticky innaturedependinguponripeness offruit.

Fruitysmell

Can beremoved.

Candlewax

White /semitransparentin form ofdrops or

bloches.

Stiff anduglyappearanceof the fabric.

Smells likeoily

surfaceCan be

removed.

Deodrant

s

Found witha ring ofsame colourof the

fabric.

A ring ofcolour sameas fabric,thering being

lighter in thecentre thanedges.

Whenmoisten thestain cangive off an

odour.

Can beremoved.

Fruit

juice Yellow tobrown in

colour

Stiff ifscraped

Emitssweetish-

sour smell

Can beremoved


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Classification ofStains

Protein Stains

Tannin Stains

Oil-basedStains

Dye Stains

CombinationStains


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Protein Stains

Baby food

Milk

Baby formula

Mucous

Blood

Cheese sauce

Mud Cream

Pudding

Egg

Urine

Feces

Vomit

Gelatin

White glue;

school paste Ice cream


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Fresh protein stains can be removed bysoaking and agitating in cold water before

washing. If hot water is used first, it cooks the protein,

causing coagulation between the fibers in theyarns of the fabric, making the stains moredifficult to remove.

If protein stains are dried or old, scrape orbrush off crusted matter (if any), then soak in

cold water using a detergent or an enzymepresoak product.

After treating the stain, launder in warm (nothot) water, rinse, and inspect.

If stain remains, soak an additional half-


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Tannin Stains

Alcoholicbeverages

Beer

Berries(cranberries,raspberries,strawberries)

Coffee

Cologne

Felt-tip water color

pen or washable

Fruit juice (apple,grape, orange)

Soft drinks

Tea Tomato juice


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Fresh tannin stains are usually removed bydetergent (not soap) washing in hot water (assafe for fabric) during laundering without anytreatment.

Use of soap (bar soap, soap flakes, or

detergents containing natural soap) will make atannin stain permanent or at least more difficultto remove.

Old tannin stains may need bleaching for more

complete removal.


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Oil-based Stains

Automotive oil Hair oil

Bacon fat

Hand lotion Butter/margarine

Lard

Car door grease

Mayonnaise Collar/cuff

greasy rings

Salad dressing Cooking fats

and oils

Suntan oil orlotion

Face creams


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Oil stains can be removed by pretreatmentwith a heavy-duty liquid detergent, an aerosol

petroleum-based solvent pretreatment spray,or a pump-type detergent-based pretreatmentspray.

Work the full-strength heavy-duty liquiddetergent into the stain or spray with thepretreatment product, then wash the garmentusing hot water (if safe for fabric), the

recommended amount of detergent for aregular laundry load, rinse, and inspect beforedrying.

Repeat this treatment if removal is incomplete

the first time.


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Dye Stains

Cherry, blueberry Color bleeding in

wash (dye

transfer) Felt-tip pen

(permanent ink-may not come

out) Grass

India ink

Kool-Aid Mercurochrome

Mustard

Tempera paint


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Dye stains are very difficult to remove. First,pretreat the stain with a heavy-duty liquid

detergent, then rinse thoroughly. Soak the stained garment in a dilute solution

of all-fabric powdered bleach.

If the stain persists, and the garment is whiteor colorfast, soak in a dilute solution of liquidchlorine bleach and water.

If the stain is not removed in 15 minutes, it

cannot be removed by bleaching and furtherbleaching will only weaken the fabric.

Caution:Since bleaches can alter the color of a fabric aswell as the stain, bleach the whole garment and do not try to

bleach just a spot


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Combination StainsWax / Oil / Dye CombinationStains

Ball-point ink

Candle wax

Carbon typewriterribbon

Carbon paper

Crayon

Floor wax

Furniture polish

Lipstick

Livestock paint

Pine resin

Shoe polish Tar

Eye make-up(mascara, pencil,liner, shadow)


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First, spray or sponge with dry cleaningsolvent like perchloroethylene or

trichloroethylene,then rub a heavy-duty liquid detergent into thestained fabric area and rinse thoroughly.

soak the stained garment in a dilute solution ofall-fabric powdered bleach.

If the above steps do not remove the stain trysoaking the garment in a dilute solution of

liquid chlorine bleach and water if the clothingis white or light colored.

Warning- bleach damage to colored garments is irreversible.Since bleaching can alter the color of the garment, bleach the

whole garment and not just a spot. If the stain is not gone in15 minutes it cannot be removed b bleachin . More bleachin


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Other common combinationstains

Barbecue sauce

Calamine lotion

Gravy

Catsup or Ketchup

Hair spray

Tomato sauce

Cocoa or

chocolate

Face make-up(powder, rouge

,foundation)


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First, rub a heavy-duty liquid detergent into thestain then rinse thoroughly.

soak the stained garment in a dilute solution ofall-fabric powdered bleach.

If the above steps do not remove the stain trysoaking the garment in a dilute solution of liquidchlorine bleach and water if the clothing iswhite or light colored.

Warning - bleach damage to colored garments is irreversible.Since bleaching can alter the color of the garment, bleach thewhole garment and not just a spot. If the stain is not gone in15 minutes, it cannot be removed by bleaching. More bleachingwill only weaken the fabric.

Stain Identification

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