Stages of the Oral Presentation Process l Consider the audience l Choose/narrow a topic l Research...
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Stages of the Oral Presentation Process Consider the audience Choose/narrow a topic Research the topic Select support material Organize and outline Develop an effective
introduction and conclusion Rehearse and deliver your
speech
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Choose a Topic
Is it important to you? Is it important to your audience? Will it hold the audience’s
attention? Is it manageable in the time
available? 5 – 10 minutes Is it appropriate for oral
presentation? Is it clear?
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Generate a Main Idea
Does it have logical divisions?
Can you support it?
A...B...C...Because...
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Narrow the Topic
The Divine Wind
Love Across Racial Boundaries
Friendship Lost and Found
Hartley Penrose
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Research the Topic Carefully
Take Accurate Notes When Researching
Record Complete Source Citations
Credit Source of Ideas
When in Doubt, Cite Source
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Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics Chronological
– Each of the last four decades had an important impact on the roles for women in the American workplace.
Topical– The advantages to travelling abroad include
experiencing new cultures, visiting interesting places, and meeting people with different ideas.
– Spatial
– Gang violence has increased in small towns and large cities alike.
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Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics
Cause-Effect– Both increased government spending and
decreased tax revenues have resulted in the current budget crisis.
Problem-Solution– When it becomes more convenient for citizens
to get to the polls, voter apathy will decline.
Comparison - Contrast– The stressful situations that employees
encounter at work are both similar to and different from the stressful situations students encounter in college.
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Functions of Functions of IntroductionIntroduction
Get the Audience’s Attention
Introduce the Topic
Provide Motivation to Listen
Establish Credibility
Provide Logical Orientation
Provide Overview
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Types of Introductions Anecdotal Story
Rhetorical Question
Quotation
Humour
Statement of Purpose
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Types of Introductions (cont’d)
Statement of Importance of Topic
Identification with Audience
Reference to Situation
Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic
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Types of Introductions Statement of Importance of
Topic
Identification with Audience
Reference to Situation
Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic
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Functions of Functions of ConclusionsConclusions
Summarise Speech Re-emphasise Main Idea Motivate Response Provide Closure
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Types of ConclusionTypes of Conclusion
Refer to Introduction Personal reference Challenge to Audience Vision of the Future Quotation Anecdotal Story Rhetorical Question Humour
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Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People
People’s Biggest Fear
Death Ranks Third Behind Public Speaking and Snakes
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
Acknowledge Your Fear Act Confidently Prepare Carefully and
Well Channel Nervous Energy
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Rehearse Your Speech
Simulate the Speech Setting
Practise with Visual Aids
Practise Without Memorizing
Time the Speech
Practise Out Loud
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Rehearse Your Speech (cont’d)
Practise Standing Up
Watch Yourself
Practise Gestures
Practise Eye Contact with Audience
Practise Volume, Tone, and Rate
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Methods of Delivery
Manuscript Reading
Limited Notes
Memorized
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Beginning Your Speech Walk Calmly with
Confidence to Performance Space
Establish Eye Contact
Smile Naturally
Deliver Introduction
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During Your Speech
Use Effective Eye Contact
Use Effective Language
Use Effective Gestures
Be Enthusiastic
Be Conversational
Use Notes as Needed
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Elements of Vocal Delivery
Speech Rate and Pauses
Volume
Inflection, Pitch, and Tone
Quality of Voice
Pronunciation, Enunciation, and Articulation
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Elements of Physical Delivery
Adjust Your Appearance to Fit Your Speaking Situation
Keep Your Posture Natural Match Your Facial Expressions
with Your Message Establish Eye Contact with Your
Entire Audience Use Movement to Guide Your
Audience’s Attention Adapt Your Gestures to Your
Words and Speaking Situation
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Ending Your Speech
“Frame” the Speech
Pause Before Returning to Your Seat
Accept Applause Graciously