Stage 12 Notes

The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect

The endings of verbs will tell you what tense and what person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) they are in.

Sing Plural

1st Person I We

2nd Person You You all (yall)

3rd Person He/she/it They

When you look up a verb in the dictionary it will look like this:

laborolaboro, laborarelaborare, , laboravilaboravi, laboratus - to work

1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect, 4th principle part

Cut off -re to get stem to attach to present

and imperfect endings

Cut off -i to get stem to attach

to perfect endings

The present tense is translated as (blank) s, is (blank) ing, does (blank).

To form the present tense, look at the first two principle parts of your dictionary entry:

laborolaboro,, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus

First plug laborolaboro into the first person singular.

Then figure out the stem of the verb by cutting off the -re from the 2nd form.

laboro,laboro, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus

What is the stem?

labora is what you will attach the person indicators (o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt).

labora-labora-

To form the present tense, take your present stem and attach the person indicators. N.B. The ‘a’ is dropped in 1st singular.

singular plural

1st person - laborlaborOO laborAlaborAmusmus

2nd person -laborAlaborAss laborAlaborAtistis

3rd person - laborAlaborAtt laborAlaborAntnt

Conjugate and translate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-

singular plural

1st person -

2nd person -

3rd person -

• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense- singular

1st person - festinO- festinO- I hurry, I am hurrying, I I hurry, I am hurrying, I do hurrydo hurry

2nd person -festinAfestinAss - You hurry, You are - You hurry, You are hurrying, you do hurryhurrying, you do hurry

• 3rd person –festinfestinAAt- t- He/she/it hurries, is He/she/it hurries, is hurrying, does hurry hurrying, does hurry

• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-

plural

• 1st person - festinAfestinAmus- We hurry, We are mus- We hurry, We are hurrying, We do hurryhurrying, We do hurry

• 2nd person –festinAfestinAtis- You all hurry, You all tis- You all hurry, You all are hurrying, You all do hurryare hurrying, You all do hurry

• 3rd person –festinfestinAAnt-nt- They hurry, They They hurry, They are hurrying, They do hurryare hurrying, They do hurry

• The imperfect tense is translated as was/were ing

• To form the imperfect tense, take your stem from the infinitive and attach the letters -BA.

• Then stick present tense mickey mouse endings on the end!

• The only change it that the first person singular will end in a -m instead of o.

• Let us conjugate specto, spectare, spectavi into the imperfect tense.

• What tense indicator do we attach to the verb stem?

• What person indicators do we attach to the tense indicator?

• spectaspecta-

singular plural

• 1st person- spectaspectabam spectaspectabamus

• 2nd person- spectaspectabasspectaspectabatis

• 3rd person- spectaspectabat spectaspectabant

Conjuate and translate dico, dicere, dixi: to say/ speak, into the imperfect tense-

singular plural

1st person -

2nd person -

3rd person -

singular

1st dicedicebam: I was saying

2nd dicedicebas: You were saying

3rd dicedicebat: He,she, it was saying

dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-

plural

1st dicedicebamus: we were saying

2nd dicedicebatis: yall were saying

3rd dicedicebant: they were saying

dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-

• The perfect tense is translated as (blank) ed.

• To form the perfect tense, take the third principle part and cut off the letter - i .

• Then attach the perfect endings (i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt).

• What is the perfect stem of laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus? laboravlaborav--

Lets use the perfect stem and conjugate fero, ferre, tulituli

singular plural

1st person- tultuli tultulimus

2nd person- tultulisti tultulistis

3rd person- tultulit tultulerunt

Conjugate and translate do, dare, dedi: to give into the perfect tense-

singular plural

1st person -

2nd person -

3rd person -

singular

1st person- deddedi: I gave

2nd person- deddedisti : You gave

3rd person- deddedit: He/she/it gave

do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-

plural

• 1st person- deddedimus: We gave

• 2nd person- deddedistis: You all gave

• 3rd person- deddederunt: They gave

do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-

The verb sum, esse, fui : to be is the most common verb you will see in Latin

singular plural

1st person - sumsum- I am sumussumus- We are

2nd person - eses- You are estisestis- You all are

3rd person - estest- He, she, it is suntsunt- They are

The verb sum, esse, fui: to be looks like this in the imperfect tense:

singular plural

1st person - erameram- I was eramuseramus- we were

2nd person - eraseras- you were eratiseratis- you all were

3rd person - eraterat- he, she it was eranterant- they were