TITLE HERE

A report submitted in accordance with the requirements of

FREDERICK UNIVERSITY

MSc in Oil & Gas and Offshore Engineering

for the fulfilment of the course

MOE518 – MSC THESIS

by

Name Surname

Spring 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

An acknowledgment of assistance should be provided in which you state what help you received in gathering your data and in preparing your report. This is a short paragraph thanking the persons or organisation which gave you this help. It would be appropriate to acknowledge the assistance of a lab partner or a supervisor.

For example:

Predominately, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr J……… for his continued encouragement, advice and guidance. I would also like to express my gratitude to him for providing me with all the required equipment and funding my research.

Also, I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. A…….. for his motivation and valuable suggestions toward achieving the objectives of this research program.

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ABSTRACT

An abstract is situated immediately after the title page, but prior to the Table of Contents. It

should accurately reflect the content of the thesis or formal laboratory report. Most importantly, it

should be very specific about conveying the results of the experiment or project. Remember that

your abstract is not an introduction to the rest of your report. It must be written after the entire

document is completed. While an abstract is attached to the document being submitted, it needs

to be treated as an entirely separate document. Abstracts are very short. They are typically ½ to

1 page long (100- 250 words), and are results-and conclusion-orientated.

An abstract is quite different from an introduction. It is a summary of the report, in which you

include one sentence (or so) for every main section of your report. For example, you can include:

the context of the research / project

the purpose of the report (definition, goals)

The method of solution

the major findings, results and calculations (you may need several sentences here)

the conclusions

the main recommendations

Write the abstract after you have written the report. Many people who read your abstract will

never read the rest of your report. The abstract is essentially a short version of your entire report.

There should be no equations or other special symbols in your abstract. However, it is

appropriate in almost all technical writing to have quantitative information in the abstract.

Technical writing is usually concerned with numbers. If the numbers are important, they should

be in the abstract.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Case of Study 1

1.2 Objectives 3

CHAPTER 2 THEORY / LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 Introduction 8

2.2 …. 10

2.3 …. 12

2.3.1 …. 15

2.3.2 … 16

2.3.3 … 18

2.4 … 19

2.5 … 21

2.6 Summary 23

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 25

3.1 Introduction 25

3.2 … 26

3.3 … 28

3.3.1 … 28

3.3.2 … 29

3.3.3 … 31

3.3.4 … 32

3.3.5 … 33

3.3.6 … 34

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3.4 … 36

3.5 Summary 39

CHAPTER 9 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 182

10.1 Discussion and Conclusions 182

10.2 Future Work 184

REFERENCES 191

APPENDIX A 198

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Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. Nature of the Problem

The introduction is not a single chapter but is broken down in two subchapters, the nature of problem and the objectives.

The “Nature of Problem” should explain the reasons that led to this project/ research or literature review. Emphasize on the problem that this project will solve. Background information should be given so that the reader can understand why this project was created and its importance.

1.2. Objectives

The “objectives” subchapter is of great importance. It gives the aim and scope of the project. Every report, even a literature review must have objectives.

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Chapter 2. Fonts, justification, paragraphs, and spacing

2.1. Headings

Sections in a report need to be clearly identified – numbering of sections and subsections is helpful in a complex report:

Chapter 2. Theory of ..

2.1. The History of …

2.2. Applications

2.2.1. …

2.2.2. …

Chapters should be numbered sequentially using normal numbers. Divisions of a chapter are indicated 2.1, 5.6 etc. and subdivisions 2.1.3, 5.6.4 and so on. It is not normally necessary to further sub-divide sections.

The font used for the headings should match that of the text. Prefer Times New Roman or Arial.

In the example above, the “chapter 2” heading is size 14 bold. The rest sections and subsections are size 12 bold

Never use all capital letters. Two methods can be used. Capitalize only the first letter,

i.e. The history of …..

Alternatively (and most commonly used) capitalize all principal words (nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs) and first word in these titles,

i.e. The History of …..

Whichever method used it should be followed throughout the report for consistency.

Finally, use the same format code described above in the table of contents

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2.2. Body Text

All the other text in the report should be size 12 font. All fonts should be Times New Roman or Arial and should match the font used for chapter and section titles.

A new paragraph is indicated by skipping a line. Indents are best to be avoided.

The text alignment should be justified throughout the report.

When setting the space between lines you can choose 1 or 1.5. A line spacing of 1.5 is usually preferred to make the text much more readable.

2.3. Colours

No colours are allowed in a report. The text and titles should have black colour. Coloured text can be used only in figures and graphs.

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Chapter 3. Showing Data

3.1. Figures and Graphs

Figures used in a report can be a picture, graph, sketch, diagram or even a flow chart. The presentation of the data that has been gathered is vitally important. It is often what the reader is looking for and if not presented clearly, it will only serve to confuse.

Figures should be numbered and have a descriptive caption. They should be labeled “ Figure 3.4. Circuit Diagram of a Rectifier.”. The first number (3) indicates the chapter (i.e. 3 rd chapter) while the second (4) the number of the figure within the chapter (i.e. 4 th table). For example inside chapter 2 the figures should be numbered in the order of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, … etc. regardless of the section or subsection the are in.

Figures should appear shortly after the paragraph where they are first referred to in the text. Remember the figures used should always be referred to in the text; otherwise they should not be used.

Note that the table, along with its caption, is center justified. Sometimes it is difficult to keep a picture in center or with its caption below so it is a good practice to use a table. The table can consist of one column and two rows. The figure is placed in the first row and the caption in the second. Both of them are centered and the in the table properties the “borders” of the table is selected to none as seen in figure 3.1, so that the table will not appear in the printout.

Figure 3.1. Table Shading Properties.

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3.2. Tables

Within the main text of a report, tables of data should only be resorted to if absolutely necessary. They are generally difficult to read and so most readers will skip over them. If the data can be presented graphically then a graph should be drawn in Excel or any other software and presented as a figure. Then the table of results can be placed in an appendix and referred to it.

Tables should be labeled in the form 'Table 2.1'. The first number (2) indicates the chapter (i.e. 2nd chapter) while the second (3) the number of the table within the chapter (i.e. 3rd table). The section numbering should not be included. The label should follow a title.

Unlike figures the table caption is usually placed on top. however this is not a strict rule.

Table 3.1. An example table and its caption.

EU US

1999

2000

3.3. Equations

Equations appear on separate lines and are incorporated into the text. All equations must have an equation number, which is right justified.

Do not use computer symbols in equations. The symbol "*" is not an acceptable symbol for multiplication. Equations must be done on the computer using the equation editor. Below is an example:

Most electrical engineers regard Ohm's law as one of the theoretical cornerstones of the trade. Ohm's law applied to a resistance R is written

(1)

where v is the applied voltage, i is the current, and R is the value of the resistance.

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Chapter 4. Other Format Considerations

4.1. Headers

Headers may be used to repeat the document title on each page and also the section title if desired.

4.2. Page Numbering

Pages of Acknowledgement, Abstract, Table of Contents should be numbered with lower case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, …etc.). From the first page of the first chapter onwards (i.e. Introduction), all the pages should be numbered using Hindu-Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, … etc.). The page numbers should appear at the bottom center or at the bottom right.

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Chapter 5. Contents of Report

5.1. Use of References

References should be used whenever appropriate. When using an idea, information or results from a book, a website or another source and you include it in your report, that text must be expressed in your own words. Don’t copy and paste any text, no matter how small. Rewrite the text/information using your own words. However, even when you have expressed the information in your own words, it still is not your information or ideas. Therefore, you still need to reference them.

To reference a sentence or paragraph you use, at the end of that sentence or paragraph, the square brackets [ ] with just a citation number that corresponds to the order of the reference at the reference chapter at the end of the report.

For example, assume the following text:

The red circled text is sourced from references 13 and 16 whereas the blue circled text from reference 17.

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Don’t forget the comma (,) or the period (.) goes after the reference brackets. At the reference chapter all references are listed and numbered as shown in the figure below.

Similarly all figures copied from a book or internet, or any other source should be referenced at the end of the figure title.

5.2. Format of References.

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In the reference list, you should provide the details of each entry. Different types of manuscripts have different formats by which they are referenced. For example different information is presented for a book, an internet website, a journal, or an instruction manual. You should provide the details of each reference entry in the following format:

- For a book: name of the authors, title, publisher, city of publication and year of publication, page number.

(Taylor J. R., An Introduction to Error Analysis, Oxford University Press, Mill Valley, CA, USA, 1982, pp 126)

- For an article in a journal: name of the authors, title, name of the journal, volume (issue number), range of pages, and year.

(Bandyopadhyay S., Bera N.C. and Bhattacharyya S., ‘Thermoeconomic Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Plants’, Energy Conver. Mgmt., 42(3), 359-371, 2001.)

- A report: authors, title, university/company, report number, year.

(Ahmed K., Renewable Energy Technologies, World Bank Technical Paper Number 240, 1994)

- A Ph.D. or Masters Thesis: author, title, department, university, year.

(Kedare S.B., 'Investigations on a Reciprocating Wind Machine', Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, IIT, Mumbai, 1991)

- A manual / handbook / standards : company name (if there are no authors), title, reference number, year.

(British Standards Institution, Specification for Steel girder bridges, BS153 : Parts 3B & 4 : 1972, 1972)

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- A web-site : Author or Organization, name of the site, complete address of the site, date visited

(Danish Wind Industry Association, Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines: Lift, http://www.windpower.org /tour/wtrb/lift.htm, Aug 16, 2002)

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ReferencesThe following are examples of references, and are not related to the text provided through this guide.

[1] J. Lucas, “Application of Spray Technology to the foresightVehicle”, Department

of Trade and Industry contract, UK, ref. no. LCBH/C/002/00003, October 2001.

[2] H. Kreye, T. Stoltenhoff, “Cold Spraying - A Study of Process and Coating

Characteristics”, Proceedings of the 1st International Thermal Spray Conference,

ASM International USA, Montreal, Canada, 2000, p. 419-422.

[3] The Royal Institution of Great Britain, “Faraday”, Available at:

http://www.rigb.org/rimain/heritage/faradaypage.jsp , Sept 12, 2002

[4] IEEE, “Maxwell”, Available at:

http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/general_info/lines_menu.ht

ml#eandm , Nov 23, 2002

[5] C.M. Hackett, G.S. Settles, J.D. Miller, "On the Gas Dynamics of HVOF Thermal Sprays", Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Volume 3, No. 3, September 1994, pp. 299-304.

[6] Jacques Theury, “Microwaves: Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Applications”,

Artech House, The University of Michigan, USA, 1992, ISBN 0-89006-448-2, pp

14-15, 58-61, 118-125.

[7] Edward A. Wolff, Roger Kaul, “Microwave Engineering and Systems

Applications”, Wiley, USA, ISBN 0-471-63269-4, pp 1-3

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Appendix A

You should put into an appendix, material which is required to be present with your dissertation, but which would interrupt the flow of the text if presented in the main body of the document. Usually it is a solution of an equation, experimental data that were presented in the form of a graph in the main report, a data sheet of a component, explanation of commands in a software program etc.

Figure A.1. Example of Appendix.

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