STADIUM Overview - Durability of Concrete...
Transcript of STADIUM Overview - Durability of Concrete...
STADIUM Software Overview
Durability and Service Life of Concrete Structures
Eric SamsonCementitious Barriers Partnership
SIMCO Technologies Inc.
August 2014
Hanford Training, August 2014 2CBP/SIMCO
Who we are
SIMCO is a specialized engineering firm entirely dedicated to the
durability of concrete structures.
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Who we are
Design Construction Maintenance Rehabilitation
Cum
ulat
ive
Dam
age
Time
CURRENT CONDITION
REPAIR
WITHOUTINTERVENTION
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Who we are
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STADIUM Overview
STADIUM® models the transport of chemical species in cementitious materials resulting from exchanges at the material/environment interface.
Exchanges
Transport(dissolved species in pores)
Chemistry(Interaction of dissolved species with hydrated cement)
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
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STADIUM Overview
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Specific geometryof the structure
Influence of local materials
Influence of localexposure conditions
Multipledegradationphenomena
Rehabilitationanalyses
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STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
The U.S. Department of Defense recognizes STADIUM® as the only accurate numerical solution for the prediction of long‐term behavior of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.
Since 2010, STADIUM® is specified in the Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS).
It is used to select concrete mixtures for marine applications, based on specified performance targets.
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STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
The model is divided in 2 main modules:
• The transport module makes the species move during one time step,
• The chemistry module simulates the reactions between species in the pores and the hydrated paste.No
Yes
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STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
No
Yes
• Coupled species diffusion• Moisture/Temperature coupling• Transport of main species• Feedback effect• Time‐dependent transport
properties (hydration)• Time‐dependent B.C.
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STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
No
Yes
• Local Equilibrium Assumption• Dissolution/precipitation• Solid solutions• Chemical/Pitzer database in separate
text file• Effect of temperature on chemistry
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STADIUM Lab Modules
Hanford Training, August 2014
Characterization of concrete mixtures
Evaluation of transport properties –Input to STADIUM®
PermeabilityMoisture isotherm
TortuosityDiffusion coefficients
Drying test Migration test
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STADIUM Lab Modules
Hanford Training, August 2014
The test methods are part of Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) 03 31 29 (February 2010) test protocol
• US Navy (NAVFAC ESC)• USACE• USAF• NASA
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STADIUM Input
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Mechanisms Properties Lab tests
Electrodiffusion of species
Diffusion coefficient Migration test
Porosity ASTM C642
Moisture transport (liquid & vapor)
Permeability Drying test
Moisture isotherm Drying test
Heat conductionThermal conductivity Estimated
Heat capacity Estimated
Transport equations
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STADIUM Input
Hanford Training, August 2014
Chemistry
INPUT TO CHEMISTRYMODULE
• Mix composition• Cement chemistry• SCMs chemistry• Chemistry database• Pitzer parameters
CALCULATEDPARAMETERS
• Hydrated cement paste composition
• Pore solution composition
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STADIUM Input
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Time‐dependent boundary conditions
Exposure to deicing saltsduring winter
After a one-year cycle, the model goes back to the beginningof the year. The cycle is repeated.
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Using STADIUM
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New structures Existing structures
Input values
Calculations
OUTPUT
Input values
Calculations
OUTPUT
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
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Current ageof the structure
10 years
Corrosioninitiation
Time to initiate corrosion
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
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Maintenance options
Membrane
Overlay
Patch Repair
No RepairChloride content at first rebar
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
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Simulating past exposure sequences
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Simulating past exposure sequences
Overlay Original Concrete
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
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Simulating past exposure sequences
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
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Kentucky University –Concrete Mix Design
CaseStudies
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
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STADIUM® SpecifiedKilo Wharf Extension
CaseStudies
Kilo Wharf Extension US NAVY, GUAM
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
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Panama Canal –Third Set of Locks
CaseStudies
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
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Panama Canal –Third Set of Locks
CaseStudies
High Water Mark
Two Coring‐Drill Diameter
0.5 ‐ 1 m
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Probabilistic approach
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A probabilistic engine can handle calculations considering the distribution of key parameters:
• Transport properties,• Concrete cover,• Exposure conditions,• Corrosion threshold.
Transportproperties
Exposureconditions
NDT / Rebardepth
Prob
abilisticLayer
Rosenb
luethpo
int e
st.
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Probabilistic approach
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Probabilistic approach
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STADIUM®
Corrosion Simulations
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES EXPOSURE MAP REBAR DEPTH
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Asset Management
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1400 -1800
1800 - 1900
1929 – 1949
1948 - 1957
1960 - 1970
1970 – 2008
2008 - 2030
1934 - 1946
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
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Asset Management
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KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
STEP 1
037‐KAD‐001‐A
Inspection Request
Concrete
Steel
Coring
Visual Inspection
Pitting Evaluation
Corrosion Measurements
Mechanical Testing
STADIUM® Testing
037‐KAD‐001‐B 037‐KAD‐001‐C
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Asset Management
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KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
For each Zone/Element combination
Degradation Analysisper Zone and ElementEvaluate Degradation
with STADIUM®
STEP 2
Schedule NextInspection
Close MonitoringRequired
Repair
Select the most critical Zone/Element combination
Critical Year(Trigger/Intervention)
Maintenance Proposal
Post Treatment Analysis
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CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
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CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Position (cm)
Solid
pha
se c
onte
nt (g
/kg)
PortlanditeCaH2SiO4EttringiteMonosulfateC4AH13CalciteMonocarboal
Concrete Saltstone
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Position (cm)
Solid
pha
se c
onte
nt (g
/kg)
PortlanditeCaH2SiO4EttringiteMonosulfateC4AH13CalciteMonocarboal
Concrete Saltstone
Minerals after 5000 years
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CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Species (liquid phase) after 5000 years
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CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Time (years)
SO4
Conc
entr
atio
n (m
mol
/L)
1 10 100 1000 100000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time (years)
SO4
Conc
entr
atio
n (m
mol
/L)
1 10 100 1000 100000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sulfate concentration at the concrete/saltstone interface
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CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Position of the ettringite front