Stabilized rammed earth
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Rammed Earth
Hybrid Earthen Homes
Earthquake and typhoon
resistant Homes
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STABILIZED RAMMED EARTH
A lightweight husk loam for Aloha Ranch
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Rammed Earth
Hybrid Earthen Home
Building Course March 2014
Aloha Ranch
Earthquake and typhoon
resistant Homes
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Gernot Minke
Building with EarthDesign and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture
https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf
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Gernot Minke
Building with EarthDesign and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture
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Earth
Terms
AdobeBlocks of earth (loam)
produced manually by throwing wet earth into a formwork are called adobes or mud bricksor sun- dried earth blocks. Also can be used to plaster or wad and dabble
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Earth TermsLoam as it is referred to scientifically,
(clayey soil) has different names when
used in various applications, for
instance rammed earth, soil blocks,
mud bricks or adobe.
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Earth Terms
Soil Blocks
are compressed
unbaked bricks
Gernot Minke
Building with EarthDesign and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture
https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf
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Earth Terms
Stabilized Soil
Blocks
are compressed
unbaked bricks
that use a
stabilizer (hydrated
lime, Portland etc.)
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Earth Terms
Rammed Earth
walls - compacted
within a formwork Earth Terms
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Earth Terms
Stabilized Rammed
Earth walls
are compressed walls
that use loam and a
stabilizer (hydrated lime,
Portland etc.)
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Excavated clay soil
Local Rice hull
Carbonized
Rice hull
(charcoal)
Stabilized Rammed Earth wall materials
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Binder - termite barrier10 liters CRH
10 liters agri lime stone
20 liters Portland cement
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1 Binder
2 clay soil
3 Ricehull
5-10 liters water
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Stabilized lightweight loam
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Mixing stabilized lightweight loam
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
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Thai earthen homes
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Sicsican mud house
Marcus Swanepole
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Sicsican mud house
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
U-shaped wall in greenhouse
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
U-shaped wall in greenhouse
Ring beam next
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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7m
5.2m
2.4m
2.7m
h = (√3)s 4.6m
d = 2s 5.2m
a = (1.5√3)s² 19m2
p = 6s
Similarly,
s = h/(√3)
d = 2h/(√3)
19m2
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Master pattern
6 Columns
1 meter floor extention
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20cm
86 cm
Hybrid Earthen Homes
Master pattern
Column detailColumn strap detail
30cm
3 straps
Below floor
Dowels connect
Below floor
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Marking footings
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Digging footings Bagging excavated loam
for rammed earth wall
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Ready for footings
Hybrid Earthen Homes
Holes 80cm x 80cm x 25cm
steel 80cm x 80cm x 10mm
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
One man bagging with tubular bag holder
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Plinth
Footing
Column
Flooring
25cmdeep
80cm
40cm
30cm
Hybrid Earthen Homes
Foundation detail
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Footing pad, dowels and column ready
Footing hole 80cm x 80cm x 25cm
8mm 70cm x 70cm steel bar
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Footing pad poured and plinth next, column ready
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Plinth w/concrete, steel and rock infill
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Column form detail
20cm
30cm
Steel strap Wood form with key
30cm
40cm
2”x4” key
Finished column
Ready for ramming
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Column form detailWood form with key
2”x4” dovetail key
Wing nut
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Column form detail
Column and rammed
wall locked with key
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First layer on plinth
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First layer on plinth
Slotted angle bar guides
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Column key
First layer on plinth
Slotted angle bar guides
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Column key
First layer on plinth
Slotted angle bar guidesFormwork slides up for
Second layer on First layer
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Formwork slides up for
Second layer on First layer
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Rainy season may require roof first
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
Rainy season may require roof first
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
The Miller Bench
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Hybrid Earthen Homes
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Hybrid Earthen Home
and
Aquaponic Greenhouse
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
Jalousiewindow
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
Removed
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
Removed
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Window
Mold
Removed
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Sitting
window
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
1/2 height 14cm thick wall
6 mixers rammed
lightweight loam
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Breathable Plaster Primer
1 part whey and 1 part hydrated lime
Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes then add 2 parts water
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Water Proof Breathable Colored Plaster
1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime
Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes
then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts hydrated lime
Machine Mix
Set drill press to Lowest speed
with 5 ½ ” boat prop1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime
Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Water Proof Breathable Colored Plaster
1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime
Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes
then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts hydrated lime
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Full height 14cm
thick wall
12 mixers rammed
lightweight loam
Whey/ lime primer
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½ height 14cm
thick wall
6 mixers rammed
lightweight loam
Whey/ lime clay
and sand finish
Coat 1
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Building 1
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Building 1
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Building 1
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Building 1
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Building 1
Round columns
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 1Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 2
Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
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Building 2
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Building 2
Door Ram
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Building 2
Round columns
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Building 2
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Building 2
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Building 2
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Retaining walls
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2.4m
2.4m
5.8m
6.3m4.4m
28m2
28m2
Octagon dimensions
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Stabilized rammed earth
A lightweight husk loam Concrete peso l/cubic p/pail
3 2 1 sand 1,200 1,000 24
husk earth mix portland gravel/sand
1 6
2 1 1 240 144 384p/mixer 55p/pail
portland CRH Agri Limestone
poured earth
3 2 1 ←pails
husk earth mix Loam peso pails/sack p/pail
50% 33% 17% rice hull 7 4 1.75
portland/batch 120
portland CRH Agri Limestone 125.25p/mixer
liters→ 10 5 5 21p/pail
0.5 0.25 0.25
8.33% 4.17% 4.17%
Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
Costing
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Hybrid
Earthen
Homes
footings
1 80 80 25 160
6 80 80 25 960 six footings
floor
1 350 10 3847 outer/inner floor
plinth
6 30 40 240 1728 plinth
column
6 30 30 240 1296 column
ring beam
6 30 30 240 1296 ring beam
9126.5 total liters
liters/mixer 140
# mixers65.18928571
p/mixer 384
concrete cost 25,033
Concrete costing
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Hybrid
Earthen
HomesRammed Adobe Flooring
Whey, hydraulic lime and sand
The lime has to be first intensively
mixed into the whey to form a
creamy paste without adding any
water. After allowing the mix to rest
for a while, water and sand should
be added.
For a thinner plaster that can be brushed
on, with the proportion 1:6:25
In warm climates, some kitchen salt
should be added to keep the lime plaster
moist for a longer period, which improves
curing.
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Hybrid Earthen Bamboo House
Suspension bridge
Rammed Earth Walls
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Acid stained floors
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Acid stained floors
Iron Sulphate. Combine ¼ cup of iron sulphate, also called Copperas, with 2/3 cup warm water.
-copper-colored end product. Seal when done to protect the integrity of the color.
- it can be lightened by adding more water
We darkened by adding instant coffee. 5% Nescafe Classic
Iron chloride is also known as Ferric Chloride and solutions containing it are sold at electronics
supply stores for the purpose of etching circuits onto printed circuit boards (PCBs).
It is important to be careful when working with all of these mixtures, as whenever you are working
with chemical combinations. When mixing your own stains you can be creative with the color
combinations, and perfect them to your satisfaction. Commercial stains are more expensive,
and creating your own from these materials will cost you only a fraction of the price.
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Monlithic pour
Same cement brand
Same gravel and sand
for entire pour
Etched for grout
Acid stained floors
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60 & 80 grit belt sander
for polished effect
Acid stained floors
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Acid stained floors
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Acid stained floors
unsealed
Repair
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Acid stained floors
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Acid stained floors
Repaired
Sealed
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Acid stained floors
1st coat sealant
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Acid stained floors
Double Sealed
unsealed
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Acid stained floors
Different treatments
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Acid stained floors
Sealed
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Acid stained floors
Multipoured variation
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Acid stained floors
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Acid stained floors
Sealed
Unsealed
Remove paint, oil, grease before staining
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Acid stained floors
Ferric sulphate- Sealed
7 year old floor
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Acid stained floors
Ferric sulphate -Sealed
7 year old floor
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Copper Sulphate - more of a blue or blue-green
color
Mix ¼ cup of copper sulphate with 1 cup
of warm water.
For a more visible blue, add more copper
sulfate to the mixture. To make the results a
lighter tint, add more water. To create a greener
color, add regular table salt.
Acid stained floors
Pre-rinsed
7 year old floor
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Acid stained floors
Copper Sulphate Sealed
7 year old floor
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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Ferrocement bed
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Ferrocement bed
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Ferrocement
Standard construction cement,
usually mixed with plaster
sand. The standard cement is
reinforced with more steel or
fiber at a closer spacing than
traditional construction.
Reduced spacing yields
uniform force dispersion and
increases strength.
Ferrocement is also written as
ferrociment, ferrocemento,
ferrocimento, and ferrozement
1 part portland cement
3 parts fine sand
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Welded frame with wire
Ferrocement bed
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Welded frame with wire
Ferrocement bed
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Welded frame with wire
Ferrocement bed
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Thin layers concrete
Ferrocement bed
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Cured 2 weeks and
ready to move in place
Ferrocement bed
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ALOHA RANCH
and
ORGANIC FARM
Macarascas
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Conversion BedsRaised Soil Beds to Flow Beds
S.R.B. – Simulated river beds
5,000 liter tank
w/1,000 liter sump
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Ferrocement
Stablized Rammed
earth wall
Plinth - rock and concrete
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Plinth
Rammed
earthen stand
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Plinth and rammed earth for bed leveling
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Excavated clay soil
Local Rice hull
Carbonized
Rice hull
(charcoal)
Stabilized Rammed Earth wall materials
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Binder - termite barrier10 liters CRH
10 liters agri lime stone
20 liters Portland cement
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1 Binder
2 clay soil
3 Ricehull
5-10 liters water
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Adjustable formworks
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Stabilized lightweight loam
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Mixing stabilized lightweight loam
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
Precast octagon tanks
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam flooring
Precast octagon tanks
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Precast octagon tanks
1m
2.4m
2.6m
1.6m
4.8m3
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
Precast octagon tanks
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Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall
Vertical steel for
ferrocement topping
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Hybrid earthen tank 1
Ferrocement
Stablized Rammed
earth wall
Plinth -rock and concrete
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Hybrid earthen tank1
Oversized
(wasted materials)
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Hybrid earthen tank 1
Oversized
(wasted materials)
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Hybrid earthen tank 2
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
Precast octagon tanks
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Hybrid earthen tanks
v
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Hybrid earthen tanks
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Hybrid earthen tanks
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Undersized column
(high compressive strength)
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Tank 1
Tank 2
Tank 3
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Ferrocement aquaponic bed
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Ferrocement aquaponic bed
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Ferrocement aquaponic bed
In ground casting form
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Hybrid earthen tanks
Ferrocement aquaponic bed
In ground casting form
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Hybrid earthen tanks
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Aquaponic Greenhouse
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
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Aloha RanchMacarascas
Rammed
Rocket Stove
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