STAAR Review - coppellisd.com him step to the music which he hears, ... ©2017 Koala Case Curriculum...
Transcript of STAAR Review - coppellisd.com him step to the music which he hears, ... ©2017 Koala Case Curriculum...
Name: ____________________________________
FORT BURROWS 2018
8th Grade U.S. History
STAAR Review
Manifest Destiny
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©2017 Koala Case Curriculum
VOCABULARY Annexation - To take a piece of land and add it to existing territory.
Cede - To give up
Compromise - An agreement where both people give up something to get something they both want.
Distribution - How spread out something is
Density - How close together people are
Expansion - To get bigger
Forty-Niner - Someone who went to look for gold in California in 1849.
Gold Rush - The massive influx of people who came to California to search for gold in the 1850s
Homestead - A piece of land that was sold by the government at a reduced price
Manifest Destiny - The widely-held belief in the 1800s that the United States was blessed by God should
expand from ocean to ocean
Missionary - Someone who tries to convince people to convert to a different religion
Transcontinental - Across the whole nation
Mormon - A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, a religion founded in America in the
1800s
Pioneer - An explorer
Provision - A section of a treaty or document.
Reservation - A piece of land set aside for Native Americans
Territory - Land that belongs to a country
Treaty - An agreement between two nations or groups
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Transcendentalism
Description
Philosophy that emphasized:
• living a simple life
• celebrating the truth found in nature and in your own emotions and imagination
• being an individual, your own person
People Henry David Thoreau was an important writer
with a “Return to nature” message
Original Thoreau Quote What transcendentalist belief does it
illustrate?
Go confidently in the direction of your dreams!
Live the life you've imagined. As you simplify your
life, the laws of the universe will be simpler.
If a man does not keep pace with his companions,
perhaps it is because he hears a different
drummer. Let him step to the music which he
hears, however measured or far away.
I think that there is nothing, not even crime, more
opposed to poetry, to philosophy, ay, to life itself
than this incessant business.
Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our
own private opinion. What a man thinks of
himself, that is which determines, or rather
indicates his fate.
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Hudson River School
Description
IT’S NOT AN ACTUAL SCHOOL!!
Group of artists who had a special “American” style
Painted landscapes that showed America’s natural beauty
America’s first own art
Thought art could help people be more spiritual and moral
People John James Audubon - drew birds
and other animals
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1. What do you think the title of this painting might be?
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2. What types of people do you see?
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3. The woman represents the United States—what is she
doing?
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4. What is the message of the painting?
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Manifest Destiny
Reasons for Westward Expansion
Political Economic Social
reduced the power of England
Increased United States strength in the world
reduced threats from other countries
Increased need for farm land
discovery of gold in California
increased cotton production
strong nationalism
belief that the US was better
belief in racial superiority
Belief that God supported expansion
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Louisia
na P
urch
ase
America bought an IMMENSE territory from
France for $15 million. However, the land actually
belonged to Native Americans.
New Orleans was a BIG port that connects the
Mississippi River to the ocean
Shipping goods from ports was the only way to
trade with far away countries
The fastest way to get things to a port was by
river (ship goods by river to a port, then from the
port can go across ocean to another country)
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Flor
ida
Southerners were upset that slaves would run
away to Spanish-owned Florida and Seminole
Indians would raid “American” lands
President Monroe tells Spain to govern Florida
better or give it up
Andrew Jackson illegally invades Florida and
captures its military bases
Spain gives up Florida to the US in 1819
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Texa
s
Stephen Austin asked for Texas to become a separate state
Stephen Austin was thrown in jail – this lead to
rebellions
North is unhappy because it is a slave state
Disagreements about the Texas/Mexico border
begin
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Oreg
on
U.S. settlers move into Oregon Country
U.S. wants the border to be at the 54’40’ line.
Settlers say: “54’40’ or fight!” because they were
willing to go to war with Britain to get what they
wanted
U.S. President James Polk makes a deal with
Britain in 1846 - U.S. gets part of Oregon Country
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Reflection:
I had trouble with: _______________________________________________
I remembered ____________________________________________ very well!
I need to review _________________________________________________
Notes:
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Mexican-American War
Sort the causes, events, and effects into political, social, and economic categories
Political Social Economic
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Mexi
can
Cess
ion
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo: - Ends the war - Mexico gives up LOTS of land, including California! - This is called the Mexican Cession.
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Compromise of 1850
Big Question: should the Mexican
Cession be free or slave states?
Guidelines of the Compromise of 1850
California will be admitted as a free state
Mexican cession outside of California would be divided into New Mexico and Utah. Voters would decide on slavery
Texas would receive $10 million for giving up New Mexico
Slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C.
Fugitive Slave Act passed - Law that makes it easier for Southern owners
to catch their escaped slaves - Makes consequences harsher against escaped
slaves and people who help them Impact of the Fugitive Slave Act
- Free African-Americans are no longer safe - People in the North disobey the law and still
help slaves - Sectionalism gets worse
Based on what you read, should the Mexican Cession have free or slave states?
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Do you think the compromise was fair?
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Gads
den
Purc
hase
Was purchased by the U.S.(James Gadsden) from Mexico (Santa Anna) for $10 million
this allowed the building of the Southern Transcontinental Railroad
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Sort the territories into political, social, and economic reasons for their acquisition
Political Social Economic
Reflection:
I had trouble with: _______________________________________________
I remembered ____________________________________________ very well!
I need to review _________________________________________________
Notes:
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Groups That Moved West The biggest problem of moving west: The Rocky Mountains
WHY did they move? Hardships They Faced LEGACY:
What are they known for?
Lewis and Clark
1. To trade with the Indians 2. To find a water route
across North America 3. Explore the territory of
the Louisiana Purchase
1. Sunburn 2. Mosquitoes 3. Lack of food
1. Mapped route to the Pacific Ocean
2. Established good relations with the Indians
Californios &
California Indians
1. Land grants given out by the Mexican government (got a rancho with 50,000 acres of land)
2. Convert Indians to Christianity
1. Lived far from neighbors 2. Raided by soldiers 3. Corrupt officials
1. Spanish names 2. New foods 3. Opened California to
others
Mormons 1. Run off by others in the
East – mainly due to Mormons’ different beliefs
1. Many died along the way 2. Had to learn how to farm
in a dry environment
1. New farming methods 2. Established a large
Mormon community in Salt Lake City, Utah
Forty-Niners To mine for gold 1. High prices in California 2. No law enforcement 3. Mining was difficult work
Brought enough people to
make California a state (more
than 250,000 people)
Chinese
1. Rumors about great pay for work, large houses, and fancy clothing
2. Opportunities for new jobs
1. Abuse by Americans
Tried to make the Chinese pay taxes
Burned their huts
Cut off their hair
Beat them
1. The Chinese helped build such industries as mining and farming in California
2. Introduced their rich culture to the West
Which groups moved for political reasons? _______________________________________
Which groups moved for economic reasons? ______________________________________
Which groups moved for social reasons? _________________________________________
Why was the biggest problem of moving west the Rocky Mountains? ________________________________________________________________________________________
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Sectionalism
EC
ON
OM
Y
based on industry and trade (textiles)
fishing, shipping
mostly factory workers
inventions led to industrialization
occupations
based on agriculture (cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo)
mainly used slave labor
cotton gin made cotton production more profitable
supported tariffs because they felt that tariffs caused people to purchase American-made goods
tariffs opposed tariffs because tariffs made European goods more expensive
supported money being spent for transportation
railroads / canals brought goods to and from the factories transportation
opposed money being spent for transportation
most goods were carried on river boats to cities
SO
CIA
L
city life
long hours in dangerous factories
organized unions to solve problems
way of life
rural life
small farmers – poor whites and free blacks
wealthy plantation owners
viewed slavery as wrong, but African-American workers still faced low wages, prejudice and discrimination
impact of
slavery
economy depended on large slave work force
slaves did mainly farm work with no pay and little hope of freedom
NORTH ISSUES SOUTH
GE
OG
RA
PH
Y
Thin, rocky soil (poor farming)
cool climate
cold and short growing season
fast rivers
natural harbors
geography
Rich, fertile soil
Warm and long growing season (good for farming)
PO
LIT
ICA
L
opposed states’ rights because the U.S. was more important than individual states
States’ Rights supported states’ rights and believed they had the right to
nullify laws which hurt the Southern economy
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
The North and South could no longer balance slave states and free states
Senator Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1) Kansas and Nebraska will be organized into
territories 2) They will have the right to decide for themselves
about slavery – this is known as popular sovereignty
(the people decide).
Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Missouri Compromise is undone
Thousands of non-residents go to Kansas in order to vote
Violence erupts with “Bleeding Kansas”
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase sectionalism? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
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John Brown and “Bleeding Kansas”
John Brown was a radical abolitionist. He wanted to end slavery right away!
He became famous when he killed five pro-slavery settlers during the “Bleeding Kansas” conflict.
He became a hero to anti-slavery Northerners
Impact of “Bleeding Kansas”
Kansas eventually became a free state, and the balance of free states and slave states was ruined!
Southerners are scared about the violence and fighting – more people begin to favor secession
How do you think northerners interpreted the situation in Kansas? __________________________________________________________________________________
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Dred Scott v Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave
His master took him to the North, then returned to the South
Scott sued for his freedom since he was on free land in the North, and shouldn’t have to go back to slavery
The Dred Scott Decision
The Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that:
1. Slaves were not citizens 2. Slaves were property 3. Slaves could not file lawsuits (because they were not citizens) 4. Slavery could not be prohibited, so The Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional
How do you think black people were treated after the Dred Scott decision?
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