EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS

SSWH2.C,D

ACTIVATOR [DO NOT WRITE]In 1976, archaeologists discovered the tomb of Lady Hao. She was a queen and military leader of the Shang Dynasty. She died around 1200BCE. What can you infer (hypothesize) about the Shang Dynasty from the artifacts found in the tomb?

ACTIVATORBasin from Lady Hao’s Tomb

ACTIVATORJade Tiger from Lady Hao’s Tomb

ACTIVATORRemains from Lady Hao’s Tomb

I. GEOGRAPHY

II. SHANG DYNASTY 1700 BCE – 1027 BCE Class-based society

Large, walled cities with nobles living inside the walls and peasants living outside.

Written language Shang Dynasty was the

first in China to develop writing

Each word = different character Only the wealthiest would

have been literate

III. ZHOU DYNASTY Replaced the

Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE.

The Zhou adopted most of Shang culture, so daily life in China didn’t change with the Dynasties.

III. A. MANDATE OF HEAVEN

Used by the Zhou as a reason for overthrowing the Shang DynastyThe Shang had been bad

leadersSo, god took away their

right to leadGod gave that right to

Zhou A just leader had god’s

approval – known as the “Mandate of Heaven”

III. B. DYNASTIC CYCLEStrong dynasty

provides peace and wealth, so it claims

to have the “Mandate of

Heaven”

Wealth declines, leaders become

corrupt then lose trust and

power

Natural disasters occur (floods,

famines, revolts)

People think the Dynasty has lost the “Mandate of

Heaven”

New Dynasty leads rebellion

and gains control

III. C. FEUDALISM

Kings had all the power and owned all the land

They gave use of the land to noble families

Peasants worked for the nobles

Everyone depended on the king for land and protection

IV. THE “WARRING STATES PERIOD”

IV. A. DECLINE OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY

Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, territorial leaders began to see themselves as kings.

They constantly fought with each other for power

This conflict weakened China

IV. B. CONFUCIANISM ATTEMPTS TO RESTORE ORDER IN CHINA

Who was Confucius?A scholar who started

a new ethical system (a belief of right and wrong)

The main idea of Confucianism:Achieve stability

through moral honor and well-ordered relationships

IV. B. CONFUCIANISM ATTEMPTS TO RESTORE ORDER IN CHINA

Five relationships that organized society:1. Ruler and subject2. Father and son3. Husband and wife4. Older brother and younger brother5. friend and friend

Filial Piety: Respect given to parents and ancestors given by devoting one’s life to their parents and performing memorial rituals after their death

Bureaucracy: A trained civil service / education for government leaders. Education = better men.

FILIAL PIETY

IV. C. LEGALISM OPPOSES THE IDEAS OF CONFUCIUS

Confucianism Legalism

[DO NOT WRITE]

A well-ordered society is achieved by good relationships and families

Education and ideas are good for society

[WRITE]

A well-ordered society is achieved by a powerful and efficient government

Punishments are good for order

Ideas should be controlled by the government

V. QIN DYNASTY

V. QIN DYNASTY A. Legalism

Establishes a Dynasty:

In 200 BC, Shi Huangdi used the ideas of Legalism to defeat many of the warring states and unify China under the Qin Dynasty

Burned books and had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered

V. QIN DYNASTY B. Shi Huangdi

Builds the Great Wall of China

Peasant and slave labor was ordered to build a massive defensive wall along the Qin’s northern boarder

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

SHI HUANGDI’S CLAY ARMY

SHI HUANGDI’S CLAY ARMY