SSUSH 9SSUSH9 The student will identify key events,

issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Signed in 1854: repealed Missouri Compromise; created territories of Kansas and Nebraska; would allow each territory to decide on the slavery issue by using “popular sovereignty.”

Led to the formation of Republican Party which supported keeping slavery out of the territories, and led to “Bleeding Kansas”

What was Bleeding Kansas?Because Kansas would decide about slavery

through popular sovereignty, both the North (antislavery) and the South (pro-slavery) sent thousands of people into Kansas to sway the vote.

Tensions between the two groups led to violence and the destruction of property, including the sacking of Lawrence.

How did the violence in Kansas help demonstrate that popular sovereignty was a failure?

What happened to Dred Scott?With the help of an abolitionist

group Dred Scott, a slave, sued for freedom (1847), claiming that because he had lived in a free state, he should be free.

In 1857 the Supreme Court ruled against Scott.

Because slaves were not citizens of the U.S., Scott could not sue in Federal Court, ended popular sovereignty and stated slavery is protected everywhere under the Constitution.

Scott was eventually freed in May 1857, but died nine months later.

Why was John Brown’s Raid important to Civil War?A abolitionist who used violence

(Potawatomie Creek, Kansas) against those supporting slavery.

In 1859, he and his followers tried to support a slave uprising in Virginia by seizing a federal arsenal (guns and ammo) in Harpers Ferry.

The uprising was quickly put down Brown was executed.

He was viewed by many in the North as a martyr.

How do you think he was viewed in the South?

b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.

c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.

How did the Civil War (1861-1865) begin?

The Civil War starts: - increased tension between the North and the

South (Slavery and sectionalism issues). -South Carolina secedes from the Union in December 1860 after Lincoln is elected

President. -By June 1861, ten Southern states had

seceded. -Many of the early battles were Union loses, or

fought to a draw.

Who was Ulysses S. Grant (Union-North)?-Had early success fighting in

the west (TN, LA, MS). “Unconditional Surrender”

-Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the Union control of the Mississippi River.

-Lincoln promoted him to commander of the entire Union Army in 1864.

-Fights Lee in a series of battles ending in Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865.

Who was Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South)?

- Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy: was against slavery.

- Named commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862.

- Invaded Maryland (1862) and lost a major battle at Antietam.

- After two major victories against the Union, Lee again decided to invade the North, this time into Gettysburg (PA) where he lost a 3 day battle to the Union: after the loss, CSA forces had to remain on the defensive for the rest of the war.

Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson(Confederacy-South)?

-Played a major role in defeating the Union Army at the first major battle of the war (First Battle of Bull Run).

-Fought with Lee at Battle of Antietam.

-Was accidently shot at night by his own men at Battle of Chancellorsville-eventually died from his wounds.

Who was William Sherman (Union-North)?Fought with Grant at

Vicksburg.In his March to the Sea, he

attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in 1864.

The Atlanta victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864.

Sherman’s capturing Atlanta was important for what two major reasons?

Who was Jefferson Davis? Former Senator from

Mississippi and Sec of War.Was the first and only

President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).

Appointed Robert E. Lee commander of Army of Northern Virginia in 1862.

Held little authority as President of CSA.

Captured in Georgia, in 1865

d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta. e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

What is important about Fort Sumter, Charleston (SC)?

Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is surrounded after South Carolina secedes in 1860.

The Union refused to surrender the fort and J. Davis ordered Southern troops to bombard the fort.The fort surrenders, starting the Civil War (April 1861).

What is important about the battle of Antietam (1862)?

Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men.

The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (over 22,000 casualties).

Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia. The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

What might have happened ifLee defeated the Union Armyat Antietam?

What is important about the battle of Vicksburg ((MS) July 4th 1863)?

By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.

Grant launched a siege of the city cutting off its food supply and placing it under constant bombardment.

The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half. Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

What is important about the battle of Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863?Lee again decided to invade the North in hope that the

North would settle for peaceOn July 2nd, Lee ordered an attack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” against Union forces.-The South loses 7,000 men in

under 30 minutes of fighting.Lee retreated on July 4th, having

lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force.The loss forces the South to fight a

defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight.

Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked the North? What were the results?

What is important about the battle for Atlanta: August 1864?Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a

major railroad center in the South.He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began

to burn and destroy everything of military value.Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to

the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength.

Why did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus (1862) ?

Habeas corpus is a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial.

Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from supporting the Confederate cause in border states, and to prevent those who encouraged others to resist the draft (conscription).

The suspension of habeas corpus was the result of draft riots in many

northern cities.

Why is the Gettysburg Address important?

In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery.

In a speech just over 2 minutes, Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality expressed in the Dec of Ind.

Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union.

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

What helped Lincoln win a 2nd Term?Sherman’s capture of Atlanta helped Lincoln

win a 2nd term.Lincoln reiterates his message from the

Gettysburg Address when in his Second Inaugural speech he states “With malice towards none, with charity for all.”

Who do you think Lincoln was talking about in his Second Inaugural Speech? Do you think this was his only option by 1865?

What is significant about the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862.

EP changed the purpose of the war and ensured Britain would not support CSA.

The Proclamation: -freed only those slaves in the

states in rebellion. -did not free the slaves in the

border states. -gave the Union Army another

reason to fight: the liberation of slaves.

What were some of the differences between the North and South at the beginning of the war?

Population: North 22 million vs. 5.5 million free whites, North also had 800,000 immigrants during the war who in large numbers enlisted in the Union cause.

Railroads: 70% of functioning RRs in North.Industrial output: 85% of factories and

manufactured goods in North.North had 65% of farmland and the US Navy.

Northern and Southern Resources