Sspen Chapter 01 09 Fb.pdf

8/14/2019 Sspen Chapter 01 09 Fb.pdf

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]HNGF IE J I@]F@ ]Z

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Z{anki}kjz >>

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Hzjf`zki` >=

]lf ai}kuh}ki` ei~ fjiuk ( hcf kargfaf`}h}ki` >6]lf uk}hg kari~}h`jf ie `f}si~ok`c :2

]lf risf~ ie ni}}ia !vr akj~izijkf}{ `f}si~ok`c ::

Jifuigv}ki`h~{ afaf}kjz :6

Fjiuk ( hcfz k` }lf cginhg sh~ak`c f~h :3

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Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >


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@f}si~o ~fziv~jfz =:

^fef~f`jfz ==

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o :


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JLHR] F^ K K`}~imvj}ki` }i Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~ o

Zkguf~ D. L. Di`fz>2222> n{ Zkguf~ ,D. L.+ Di`fz. Hgg ~kcl}z' fgfj}~i`kj' avg}kafmkh' h`m r~k`}' ~fzf~ufm. H rvngk!jh}ki` ie }lf Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiukgghcf @f}si~o

Fjiukgghcf i~ akj~izijkf}{ of{si~m r~ic~fzzki` jlhk`4

hgrlh _gkò p z{`j p z{z}fakj p z{anki}kj p kèi~ah}ki` hzzkakgh}ki` p nki~hr}v~f p hzjf`zki` p jij~fh!}ki` p mfzkc`f~ v`kuf~zfz p af}hv`kuf~zfzQ iafch

Hz k`lhnk}h`}z ie iv~ nkizrlf~f sf `ffm }i mi ai~f }lh` ieef~ ji`}k`vhg j~k}kjkza ie }lf f|kz}k`c ciuf~`!h`jf' ek`h`jkhg' h`m k`mvz}~khg z{z}faz' slkjl ji`}~ig zi avjl ie iv~ gkufz }lfzf mh{. K} kz fhz{ }i nf hj~k}kj' ke {iv mi ì} hjjfr} }lf gh~cf~ jlhggf`cf }i r~iukmf h z{z}fa }i ~frghjf }lf z{z}faz {iv ji`mfa`.Sf ji`z}h`}g{ lfh~ k` fszrhrf~z h`m i` }fgfukzki`' lis mkzkggvzki`fm }lf rvngkj kz sk}l }lf fz}hngkzlfmciuf~àf`}' {f} efs ie }lfzf rfirgf h~f skggk`c }i ehjf }lf c~fh}f~ jlhggf`cf h`m r~iukmf }lf k`}fggfj}vhgfeei~} `ffmfm }i ieef~ hg}f~`h}kuf' h`m lirfevgg{ zvrf~ki~' ciuf~`h`jf h`m ek`h`jkhg rh~hmkcaz }i ~frghjf}lf f|kz}k`c fz}hngkzlfm z{z}faz ie ciuf~`h`jf' k`mvz}~{' h`m ek`h`jf. J~k}kjkza zf~ufz h rizk}kuf ev`j!}ki` slf` k} kz }lf ek~z} z}fr }ish~mz k`k}kh}k`c `fs z}~vj}v~fz h`m m{`hakjz }i ~frghjf rii~g{ ev`j}ki`k`cz{z}faz hg~fhm{ irf~h}ki`hg. K} kz iv~ rv~rizf lf~f }i ieef~ h} gfhz} }lf nfck``k`c iv}gk`fz ie zvjl h z{z!}fa. Lisfuf~' sf avz} r~iukmf ai~f }lh` dvz} h `fs z{z}fa' sf avz} r~iukmf h ~fhgkz}kj' si~ohngf' h`megisk`c nkev~jh}ki` rh}lsh{ }lh} gfhmz e~ia }lf jv~~f`} z}~vj}v~f h`m m{`hakjz }i }lf ev}v~f z}~vj}v~f h`mm{`hakjz sf fùkzki` h`m mfzk~f. @i`gk`fh~ z{z}fa }lfi~{ }fhjlfz vz }lh} k` i~mf~ }i aiuf e~ia i`f ri!zk}ki` h`m m{`hakj sk}lk` h rlhzf' jièkcv~h}ki`' i~ z}h}f zrhjf sf avz} nf hngf }i ek`m h `fs rh}lsh{ i~ egis }lh} f|kz}z sk}lk` }lf z{z}faz h}}~hj}i~ nhzk`' }lf` sf lhuf h ~fhg rizzknkgk}{ ie ~fhjlk`c iv~ `fscihg. Lisfuf~' ke sf zfgfj} h z}h}f i~ m{`hakj }lh} kz ì} huhkghngf sk}lk` }lf h}}~hj}i~ nhzk`' sf lhuf ìjlh`jf h} hgg ie hjlkfuk`c iv~ cihg. Zi }lf `fs rh~hmkca sf zfgfj}' avz} ek~z} nf ~fhjlhngf sk}lk` }lf

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o =


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ghsz rf~}hk`k`c }i fuigv}ki`h~{ nkizrlf~f hzjf`zki` sk}lk` iv~ v`kuf~zf. Zfji`m' sf avz} jh~fevgg{ z}vm{h`m zkavgh}f dvz} lis sf skgg k`k}kh}f }lkz nkev~jh}ki` rh}lsh{ ! }i }lf `fs z}h}f m{`hakj sf skzl }i h~!~kuf h}. Ev~}lf~ai~f' hz sf r~ic~fzz hgi`c }lkz rh}lsh{ sf avz} ahz}f~ }lf ghsz ie m{`hakjhg z{z}fazh`m jlhiz ji`}~ig' ke sf skzl }i ~fhjl iv~ `fs z}h}f n{ afh`z ie h `fs }fjl`kxvf sf zlhgg ~fef~ }i hz ì`!gk`fh~ hzjf`zki` }v`k`c. @i`gk`fh~ hzjf`zki` }v`k`c mkeef~z e~ia dvz} h`{ ok`m ie ì`gk`fh~ }v`k`c' k`

}lh} k}z indfj}kuf kz avjl ai~f }lh` zkarg{ f|rgi~k`c }lf evgg zrfj}~va ie }lf m{`hakjhg z{z}fa. Hzjf`!zki` }v`k`c kz h avjl ai~f hmuh`jfm ei~a ie }v`k`c }lh} jh` i`g{ }hof rghjf i`jf }lf zrfj}~va ie hg}f~!`h}kuf rh}lsh{z i~ egisz lhuf hg~fhm{ nff` kmf`}kekfm. Hzjf`zki` }v`k`c kz }fgfigickjhg k` `h}v~f' k` }lh} k}h}}far}z }i hjlkfuf }lf lkclfz} mfc~ff ie jhrhjk}{ v}kgkth}ki`' z{z}fakj z{`jl~i`kth}ki ' h`m z{anki}kjsk`)sk` jhvzhgk}{ ah`kefz}h}ki`.

Iv~ rv~rizf lf~f kz }i ieef~ h ~fhgkz}kj' r~hj}kjhg' h`m lirfevgg{ k`zrk~k`c hg}f~`h}kuf }i }lf f|kz}k`c z{z!}fa. Zi ah`{ ie }lf ~frghjfaf`}z ie f|kz}k`c z{z}faz }l~ivcliv} }lf lkz}i~{ ie iv~ rgh`f} lhuf kùigufmskmf zjhgf sh~' ~fuigv}ki`' i~ }f~~i~kza. Sf zlv` }lfzf hrr~ihjlfz h} }lf iv}zf}. Iv~ hrr~ihjl kz ìùki!gf`} h`m hzjf`zki` i~kf`}fm' hz irrizfm }i ~fuigv}ki`h~{ h`m risf~ i~kf`}fm. Ev~}lf~ai~f k} kz h ni}}ia

vr' faf~cf`}' h`m lf}f~h~jlkjhg hrr~ihjl ! hz irrizfm }i h lkf~h~jlkjhg hrr~ihjl' slf~f }lf h}}far} kzahmf }i fgkak`h}f i~ ~frghjf }lf f|kz}k`c risf~ z}~vj}v~f h} }lf lkclfz} gfufgz ie ciuf~`h`jf. N{ ìafh`z mi sf zvccfz} }lh} }lkz kz }lf i`g{ ukhngf hrr~ihjl }i jlh`cf' k} kz nv} i`f ie ah`{ rizzkngf hr!

r~ihjlfz. Slh} kz v`kxvf hniv} iv~ hrr~ihjl kz }lf hrrgkjh}ki` ie ji`jfr}z e~ia }lf `fs zjkf`jfz ie cf`!f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{' hgkef' m{`hakj f}si~oz' faf~cf`jf' fuigv}ki`h~{ jiarv}h}ki`' h`m zfge!i~ch`kth}ki`.]lfzf h~f hgg uf~{ `fs zjkf`jfz' }hok`c }lfk~ i~kck` k` }lf ghz} xvh~}f~ ie }lf r~fukivz jf`}v~{. Ke {iv h~flv`ch~{ ei~ h ciuf~àf`}' h` k`mvz}~khg kè~hz}~vj}v~f' h`m h ek`h`jkhg z{z}fa }lh} zf~ufz }lf `ffmz ie }lkz

nkizrlf~fz k`lhnk}h`}z' ~h}lf~ }lh` }lf af~jf`h~{ indfj}kufz ie uhz} avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z }lh} ~f!zrfj} ì rf~zi`' ì jiv`}~{' h`m }lh} mfekgf }lf f|kz}k`c fjigic{ h`m nkizrlf~f ,}lf r~imvj} ie nkggki`z ie {fh~z ie faf~cf`} hzjf`zki`+' }lf` hggis {iv~zfge }i zhargf }lf kmfhz r~fzf`}fm lf~f. K} kz iv~ zk`jf~f

lirf' }lh} i`jf lhuk`c hzzkakgh}fm }lfzf `fs ji`jfr}z' {iv skgg nf k`zrk~fm }i ji`}~knv}f }i }lfzf feei~}z'h`m }i mkzzfak`h}f }lfzf kmfhz' h`m ek`hgg{ }i rf~zi`hgg{ hj} sk}l i}lf~z }i ~fgfhzf }lf fì~aivz kargkjh}fh`m f|rgkjh}f risf~ ie }lfzf ji`jfr}z. Sf `ffm h `fs evgg{ ~fhgktfm f|rgkjh}f i~mf~' }lh} skgg hggis hgg }lfjk}ktf`z ie }lkz rgh`f} }i r~ivmg{ h`ìv`jf }lh} ! }lkz kz }~vg{ iv~ rgh`f} i`jf hchk`(

]lf hzjf`zki` rh}lsh{ }i z{z}fakj h`m z{anki}kj gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`c kz irf` }i vz hgg' nv} k} skgg~fxvk~f h uf~{ mffr ~f!fuhgvh}ki` h`m jiaak}af`} i` }lf rh~} ie fuf~{ lvah` nfk`c i` }lkz fh~}l. Fuf`gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`c kz ì} fìvcl' sf skgg zf}}gf ei~ ì}lk`c gfzz }lh` evgg zjhgf nki~hr}v~f. ]lfi`g{ }lk`c z}h`mk`c k` iv~ sh{ kz iv~zfgufz' h`m }lf risf~ sf lhuf zv~~f`mf~fm }i i}lf~z. K} kz }kaf }i}hof nhjo }lf risf~ h`m }lf ~fzri`zknkgk}{ ! k} kz }kaf }i cf} zf~kivz hniv} }lf v`gkak}fm hzjf`zki` rizzk!

nkgk}kfz irf` }i vz kz }lkz hz}iv`mk`c v`kuf~zf f|rf~kaf`} sf h~f h rh~} ie. Gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`ch`m nki~hr}v~f h~f i`g{ }lf nfck``k`c ie h uf~{ gi`c r~ijfzz ie hzjf`zki` }lh} gfhmz }i }lf zigh~ z{z}fa'}lf z}h~z' }lf chgh|{' }lf zvrf~jgvz}f~z' }lf v`kuf~zf' h`m nf{i`m. K} kz }kaf ei~ vz }i }hof iv~ rghjf k` }lkzv`kuf~zf h`m }i hjjfr} }lf jij~fh}ki` jlhggf`cf }lh} hmuh`jfm v`kuf~zf mfzkc` k`}fggkcf`jf lhz heei~mfmvz. Ke hmuh`jfm v`kuf~zf mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf lhm }lf jièkmf`jf kz vz }i r~iukmf vz sk}l e~ff skgg'h`m }lf hnkgk}{ }i hj} hz jij~fh}i~z k` }lkz v`kuf~zf' zlivgm sf f|rfj} h`{}lk`c gfzz }lh` }lkz e~ia iv~!zfgufz9 K` iv~ avg}kjhvzhg v`kuf~zf' sf h~f h} gfhz} }lf jij~fh}i~z h`m }lf `hukch}i~z ie iv~ is` ~fhgk}{. K}



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kz }kaf }i }hof nhjo }lf ji`}~igz h`m }lf jiarhzz sf zv~~f`mf~fm }i i}lf~z ! k} kz }kaf i`jf h`m ei~ hgg }iz}fr vr }i }lf jlhggf`cf' h`m }i ~fhgktf }lf evgg kargkjh}ki`z ie }lkz ah~ufgivz cke} }lh} lhz nff` ieef~fm }ivzf' sk}lk` }lf hzjf`zki` rh}lsh{z }i }lf v`kuf~zhg ji`zjkivz`fzz ! slkjl kz ji`}k`vhgg{ rvggk`c h`m cvkm!k`c vz }ish~mz }lf v`kuf~zhg h}}~hj}i~ nhzk` h} }lf iafch rik`} ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`.

K` iv~ mkzjvzzki` sf skgg h}}far} }i r~iukmf h cf`f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{ rf~zrfj}kuf i` }lf ~fhzi`k`c nflk`m'h`m }lf rv~rizf ei~' fz}hngkzlk`c h `f}si~o ie fji!e~kf`mg{ akj~izijkf}kfz i` h cginhg zjhgf.

Sf h~f h}}far}k`c }i ek`m h sh{ ie fz}hngkzlk`c h z{z}fakj' z{anki}kj' rgh`f}h~{' fjiukgghcf f}si~o ,ZZRF@+. Fjiukgghcfz h~f akj~izijkf}kfz ' h`m hz zvjl }lf{ r~iukmf kmfhg }fz}k`c ti`fz ei~ }lf gh~cf~ jkuk!gkth}ki` }i ! }fz} `fs af}limz ie ciuf~`h`jf' jvg}v~f' ek`h`jf' fmvjh}ki`' zijkigic{' }fjlìgickjhg fuigv!}ki`' h`m iv~ cf`f~hg hnkgk}{ }i `hukch}f iv~ sh{ }l~ivcl }lf ek}`fzz gh`mzjhrf ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki` . Ak!j~izijkf}kfz slf` r~irf~g{ kargfaf`}fm' eh~ e~ia nfk`c h }l~fh} }i }lf gh~cf~ zijkf}{' jh` zf~uf hz zijki!gickjhg fh~g{ sh~`k`c z{z}faz. ]lf{ jh` nf jf`}f~z ei~ k`ìuh}ki` eijvzfm h~iv`m }lf jiaai` indfj}kufzie h}}hk`k`c lkclg{ ir}kaktfm h`m ~invz} aimfgz ie lis }i h}}hk` h gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf jkukgkth}ki` ei~ iv~zfgufz h`m iv~ fjigickjhg rgh`f}h~{ gkef zvrri~} z{z}fa.

Sf gkuf k` h` f~h slf` h `fs h`m f|jk}k`c zjkf`jf ie `f}si~oz kz nfk`c mfufgirfm. @f}si~oz lhuf hg!sh{z nff` hj}kuf k` iv~ gkufz' nv} sf h~f dvz} nfck``k`c }i ~fhgktf }lfk~ fuf~ k`j~fhzk`c kari~}h`jf k` iv~ gkufz hz sf rf`f}~h}f ev~}lf~ k`}i }lf kèi~ah}ki` hcf. Slf}lf~ sf h~f hsh~f ie k} i~ ì}' sf h~f rh~}kjk!

rh}k`c k` h jkukgkth}ki` }lh} kz nfjiak`c ai~f h`m ai~f mfrf`mf`} vri` }lf nflhuki~ ie `f}si~oz. @f}!si~oz h~f ì gi`cf~ hnz}~hj} ~fhgk}kfz eh~ ~faiufm e~ia iv~ mhkg{ f|kz}f`jf. Mv`jh` Sh}}z' h` hj}kuf rh~!}kjkrh`} k` }lf mfufgiraf`} ie `f}si~o zjkf`jf' lhz jlh~hj}f~ktfm }lkz rf~kim ie iv~ lkz}i~{ _8Q4

K` }lf xvkf} ji~~kmi~z ie hjhmfakh' afh`slkgf' h `fs zjkf`jf lhz nff` faf~ck`c ! i`f }lh} zrfhoz mk!~fj}g{ }i }lf aiaf`}ivz fuf`}z cik`c i` h~iv`m k}. Ei~ sh`} ie h nf}}f~ }f~a' sf jhgg }lkz `fs zjkf`jf }lf

zjkf`jf ie `f}si~oz .H`m v`gkof }lf rl{zkjz ie zvnh}iakj rh~}kjgfz i~ }lf gh~cf!zjhgf z}~vj}v~f ie }lf v`kuf~zf' }lf zjkf`jf ie `f}si~oz kz }lf zjkf`jf ie }lf ~fhg si~gm ! }lf si~gm ie rfirgf' e~kf`mzlkrz' ~vai~z' mkzfhzf' ehmz' ek~az'h`m ek`h`jkhg j~kzfz. Ke }lkz rh~}kjvgh~ rf~kim k` }lf si~gmz lkz}i~{ lhm }i nf jlh~hj}f~ktfm k` h`{ zkargfsh{' k} akcl} nf hz i`f }lh} kz ai~f lkclg{' ai~f cginhgg{' h`m ai~f v`f|rfj}fmg{ ji``fj}fm }lh` h} h`{}kaf nfei~f k}. H`m ke }lkz hcf' }lf ji``fj}fm hcf ' kz }i nf v`mf~z}iim' sf avz} ek~z} v`mf~z}h`m lis }imfzj~knf k} zjkf`}kekjhgg{? }lh} kz' sf `ffm h zjkf`jf ie `f}si~oz.

Sh}}z hgzi sh~`z vz ì} }i nf rv} iee e~ia kùfz}kch}k`c }lkz zvndfj} n{ }f|}niioz slkjl h~f ie}f` m~{ h`mk`}kakmh}k`c. Lf mfzj~knfz }lf }f|}niio hrr~ihjl }i zjkf`jf _>Q4

...Vèigmk`c k` h ~fgf`}gfzz ah~jl ie gickj e~ia hrrh~f`}g{ karizzkngf xvfz}ki`z }i zffak`cg{ k`mkzrv}!hngf ji`jgvzki`z' }f|}niio zjkf`jf kz lh~m fìvcl }i eiggis' gf} hgi`f favgh}f. H`m fuf` slf` zjkf`jf kz

r~fzf`}fm hz h` hj} ie mkzjiuf~{' h` hjlkfufaf`} ie lvah`z' }lf r~ijfzz n{ slkjl }lf{ hj}vhgg{ ekcv~fm k}iv} ~fahk`z jgihofm k` a{z}f~{. A{ miak`h`} afai~{ e~ia {fh~z ie rl{zkjz h`m ah}l jiv~zfz kz }lf mf!

r~fzzk`c zf`zf }lh} ì ì~ahg rf~zi` jivgm hj}vhgg{ mi }lkz z}vee.

Nv} ~fhg zjkf`jf mifz`} si~o }lh} sh{. Hz K fuf`}vhgg{ gfh~`fm' ~fhg zjkf`jf ijjv~z k` }lf zhaf afzz{hankcvivz si~gm }lh} zjkf`}kz}z z}~vccgf }i jgh~ke{' h`m kz mi`f n{ ~fhg rfirgf sli zveef~ }lf zhaf ok`m ie



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gkak}h}ki`z h`m jièvzki`z hz h`{nim{ fgzf....Mik`c zjkf`jf kz ~fhgg{ h gi} gkof mik`c h`{}lk`c fgzf' nv} n{}lf }kaf k} cf}z iv} k`}i }lf gh~cf~ si~gm h`m fuf~{i`f ~fhmz hniv} k} k` niioz' k} lhz nff` zi ~fsi~ofm h`m~fek`fm }lh} k} }hofz i` h` hv~h ie k`fuk}hnkgk}{ k} `fuf~ lhm k` }lf ahok`c. ]lkz kz }lf z}i~{ hniv} zjkf`jfk` }lf ahok`c.

Sf i`g{ lirf }lh} sf jh` rgh{ ziaf zahgg ~igf k` ahok`c }lkz `fs zjkf`jf hjjfzzkngf h`m ~fgfuh`} }i hggie }lizf sli skzl }i fz}hngkzl h gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf jkukgkth}ki` ei~ }lfazfgufz h`m }lf ev}v~f k`lhnk!}h`}z ie }lkz rgh`f}. Sk}liv} `f}si~o f|rf~}kzf' ì jkukgkth}ki` lhz h jlh`cf ie in}hk`k`c }lkz cihg' h`m }lh}kz sl{ `f}si~oz rgh{ zvjl h` fzzf`}khg ~igf k` iv~ mfufgiraf`} ie }lf `fs rh~hmkca ie `f}si~ofm akj~i!zijkf}kfz.

KARI^]H@] @I]F4

K` }lf eiggisk`c rhcfz {iv skgg ek`m ji`zkmf~hngf j~k}kjhg jiaaf`} i` ji~ri~h}ki`z' avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri!~h}ki`z' h`m zi jhggfm e~ff ah~of}z h`m }lfk~ ~fgh}fm fxvk}{ }~hmk`c z{z}faz.Zi sf avz} hgzi z}h}f }lh}sf h~f ì} h`}k!ji~ri~h}f' h`}k!e~ff ah~of}z' i~ h`}k!jhrk}hgkza' nfjhvzf sf mi ~fjic`ktf }lf f|}f`!

zkuf ji`}~knv}ki`z }lfzf k`z}k}v}ki`z lhuf n~ivcl} }i iv~ zijkf}{ . Slh} sf h~f j~k}kjhg ie kz }lf sh{}lfzf ji~ri~h}ki`z h~f z}~vj}v~fm' ai}kuh}fm' ciuf~`fm' h`m }lf v`nhgh`jfm iuf~ f|}f`zki` ie }lfk~ rigk}k!jhg h`m fjiìakj risf~ iuf~ }lh} ie }lf cf`f~hg rirvgivz ie iv~ rgh`f}. Iv~ rv~rizf kz }i hmm~fzz }lkzkanhgh`jf' ni}l n{ hmm~fzzk`c lis sf hz ji`zvaf~z h`m jk}ktf`z jh` v}kgktf iv~ risf~ }i }v~` }lf mk~fj!}ki` ie }lfzf ji~ri~h}ki`z }ish~mz h ai~f gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf ji~ri~h}f rh~hmkca' h`m lis sf' }lfcf`f~hg rirvgivz ie iv~ rgh`f}' jh` i~ch`ktf iv~zfgufz sk}lk` zahggf~' ai~f hmhr}hngf' ai~f k`ìuh}kuf'ai~f z{z}fakj' ai~f z{anki}kj' h`m ai~f k`}kah}f jiaav`k}kfz. Sf zkarg{ skzl }i ~fchk` ai~f ji`}~igiuf~ iv~ mfz}k`{' h`m }i jiv`}f~nhgh`jf }lf jv~~f`} mfz}~vj}kuf }~hjo ~fji~m ie }lf z}~kj}g{ Mh~sk`kh` ji~!

ri~h}f rh~hmkca. K` }lf r~ijfzz ie }lkz fuigv}ki` }lf zahgg nvzk`fzz zfj}i~' }lf ji~ri~h}f zfj}i~' }lf avg}k!`h}ki`hg zfj}i~' }lf ciuf~àf`}hg zfj}i~' h`m }lf cf`f~hg rirvgivz zfj}i~' zlivgm faf~cf k`}i h fs h`m

avjl ai~f jiirf~h}kuf' z{`f~ckz}kj' h`m z{z}fakj sligf ! slkjl f|lknk}z ji`z}~vj}kuf z{anki}kj sk`)sk` nflhuki~ slkjl nf`fek}z hgg rh~}kfz' hz irrizfm }i }lf mfz}~vj}kuf sk`)gizf jiarf}k}kuf nflhuki~' }lh} lhzgfhm }i }lf sfgg mijvaf`}fm skmf zjhgf mfz}~vj}ki` ie iv~ gh`m' zfh' e~fzl sh}f~ ~fziv~jfz' h`m iv~ h}aiz!

rlf~f. Slh}fuf~ j~k}kjhg h`hg{zkz sf mi ieef~ kz afh`} }i nf }hof` hz h ji`z}~vj}kuf feei~} }i f`jiv~hcf}lfzf k`z}k}v}ki`z }i ~fei~a ah`{ ie }lfk~ jv~~f`} r~hj}kjfz' zi hz }i r~iukmf h ai~f zvz}hk`hngf jkukgkth!}ki`. Sf f`jiv~hcf fuf~{ hzrfj} ie k`}f~`hgg{ ai}kuh}fm zfge k`k}kh}fm ~fei~a' nv} sf hgzi ~fjic`ktf }lh}sf avz} nf ~fhgkz}kj hniv} }lf r~fukivz }~hjo ~fji~m ie }lf rf~uhzkuf ji~ri~h}f jvg}v~f. Hz avjl hz sfsivgm gkof ji~ri~h}ki`z }i mfai`z}~h}f slh} sf akcl} ~fef~ }i hz h ji~ri~h}f zivg' slkjl r~iukmfz f}lk!jhg cvkmh`jf h`m mk~fj}ki` }i }lfk~ f`}f~r~kzfz' }lf lkz}i~kjhg ~fji~m lhz mfai`z}~h}fm }lh} h gh~cf rf~jf`}!hcf ie ji~ri~h}ki`z irf~h}f i` h z}~kj}g{ ei~ r~iek} ai}kuh}ki`. Slf` }lfk~ ji`mvj} lhz nff` kar~irf~' }lf{zfgmia hmak} k} h`m }hof ji~~fj}kuf afhzv~fz' v`gfzz }lf{ h~f ei~jfm }i }hof zvjl afhzv~fz' fk}lf~ n{ }lf

rhzzhcf ie `fs gfckzgh}ki`' }lf jiv~}z' i~ n{ fjiìakj r~fzzv~fz i~ch`ktfm n{ }lf cf`f~hg rirvgh}ki` }i~fmvjf }lfk~ r~iek}z. Ji~ri~h}ki`z lhuf h uf~{ rii~ ~fji~m ie zfge kùiofm ~fei~a. Ai~hg hrrfhgz zfgmiajh~~{ h`{ sfkcl} k` ji~ri~h}f nih~m ~iiaz. I` }lf i}lf~ lh`m' i~ch`ktfm hj}ki` slkjl feefj}z }lfk~ iuf~!hgg r~iek} z}~vj}v~f' zffaz }i nf uf~{ feefj}kuf k` cf}}k`c }lfk~ h}}f`}ki` h`m r~iai}k`c ~fei~a. Vèi~}v!`h}fg{' }lf lkz}i~kjhg ~fji~m lhz fz}hngkzlfm h ji`zkz}f`} rh}}f~` ie ji`mvj} slkjl sf jh`ì} heei~m }i kc!



8/44

ì~f. Ke {iv sh`} }i hg}f~ }lf nflhuki~ ie h ji~ri~h}ki` {iv hnzigv}fg{ avz} mfzkc` {iv~ feei~}z }i hg}f~ }lfk~ r~iek} nhgh`jf zlff} ke {iv sh`} }i nf feefj}kuf.

@i`gk`fh~k}{' jiargf|k}{' h`m kèi~ah}ki`]lf >8z} Jf`}v~{ kz cik`c }i nf h` f|}~fafg{ kari~}h`} h`m jlhggf`ck`c jf`}v~{ ei~ fh~}l k`lhnk}h`}z. K`}lkz jf`}v~{ sf skgg lhuf }i ehjf ah`{ uf~{ zf~kivz r~ingfaz4

Sf skgg lhuf }i ehjf }lf ah`{ ji`zfxvf`jfz ie zfuf~f iuf~rirvgh}ki`.

Sf skgg f`jiv`}f~ }lf r~ingfaz ie jiargf| effmnhjo k` h lkclg{ ì`gk`fh~ h`m }fjlìgickjhgg{ `f}!si~ofm zijkf}{' sk}l k`j~fhzk`c mfc~ffz ie k`}f~irf~hnkgk}{ h`m k`}f~ji``fj}kuk}{.

]lf k`j~fhzfm jiargf|k}{ ie iv~ zijkf}{' kz cik`c }i ~fxvk~f avjl ai~f hmuh`jfm af}limz ie jiargf|!k}{ ah`hcfaf`} h`m ji`}~ig }lh` sf h~f jv~~f`}g{ f|lknk}k`c.

Sf skgg lhuf }i ji`}f`m sk}l cginhg sh~ak`c' sk}l hgg ie k}z ji`zfxvf`jfz' k`jgvmk`c ~hrkm jlh`cfz k`gijhg jgkah}fz' }lf ~hrkm akc~h}ki` ie rgh`} h`m h`kahg zrfjkfz' jlh`cfz k` gijhg eiim j~ir ukhnkgk}{'jlh`cfz k` ~hkèhgg rh}}f~`z' k` v`mf~c~iv`m sh}f~ }hngfz' h`m gijhg fjigickjhg ti`fz zlke}k`c e~ia m~{ }isf}' h`m sf} }i m~{ ji`mk}ki`z.

Sf skgg jiaf jgizf }i jiargf}fg{ v}kgktk`c hgg ie }lf ~fhzi`hng{ hjjfzzkngf ikg ~fzf~ufz.

Sf skgg lhuf }i hmdvz} }i }lf avjl ai~f ~hrkm effmnhjo h`m k`}f~hj}ki` ie iv~ fjiìakfz h`m iv~ ek!`h`jkhg ah~of}z.

Sf skgg ehjf }lf ~hrkm mfrgf}ki` ie iv~ ì`!~f`fshngf ~fziv~jfz' h`m }lf zfuf~f z}~fzzk`c ie iv~ ~f`fs!hngf ~fziv~jfz.

]lf riggv}ki` ie iv~ rgh`f}z gh`m' zfh' zv~ehjf e~fzl sh}f~' v`mf~c~iv`m sh}f~' h`m h}aizrlf~f h~f i`}lf k`j~fhzf.

Sf skgg nf jlhggf`cfm n{ }lf `fs hmuh`}hcfz h`m }l~fh}z e~ia nkif`ck`ff~k`c h`m cf`f}kj ah`krvgh!}ki`.

Sf skgg lhuf }i ji`}f`m sk}l }lf jlhggf`cfz ie evgg nkigickjhg jgi`k`c h`m rh~}khg }lf~hrfv}kj nkigickjhgjgi`k`c.

Sf skgg nf jiè~i`}fm sk}l }lf `vaf~ivz jlhggf`cfz ie `hì}fjlìgic{.

Sf skgg ji`}k`vf }i hmdvz} }i }lf fuf~ k`j~fhzk`c jlhggf`cf ie h~}kekjkhg k`}fggkcf`jf h`m h~}kekjkhg gkef,hgkef+.

Sf skgg ji`}k`vf }i nf jlhggf`cfm' h} fuf~ k`j~fhzk`c gfufgz' sk}l ah`hck`c fì~aivz haiv`}z ie k`!ei~ah}ki` k` }lf kèi~ah}ki` hcf.

Ckuf` }lf zk}vh}ki` sf h~f ehjk`c' sf avz} hzo iv~zfgufz ke }lf jv~~f`} zijkhg' fjiìakj' }~hmk`c ah~of}z'ji~ri~h}f' h`m rigk}kjhg k`z}k}v}ki`z' n{ }lfazfgufz' h~f hmfxvh}f h`m zveekjkf`} }i mfhg sk}l }lf rf~kim ie

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o


9/44

~hrkm h`m ahzzkufg{ rh~hggfg jlh`cf sf h~f ehjk`c. ]lf ~fjf`} k`hnkgk}{ ie ni}l ciuf~àf`} h`m }lf r~k!uh}f zfj}i~ }i r~irf~g{ ah`hcf }lf }fjl' k`}f~`f}' h`m kèi~ah}ki` hcf f|rgizkuf c~is}l' zlivgm gfhuf vzsk}l h ~fhg zf`zf ie ji`jf~`. K` }lkz `fs jf`}v~{ }lf ~fhj}kuf ah`hcfaf`} h`m ciuf~`h`jf z}{gf jv~!~f`}g{ irf~h}k`c k` iv~ gh~cf k`z}k}v}ki`z' skgg zkarg{ nf }ii zgis }i offr vr sk}l }lf ~hrkm rhjf ie jlh`cf.Sf uf~{ avjl `ffm ai~f hckgf' `fcf`}~irkj' z{z}fakj' m{`hakjhg' h`m ì`gk`fh~ zhuu{ k`z}k}v}ki`z' h`m ke

zvjl k`z}k}v}ki`z mi ì} f|kz}' }lf` sf avz} zkavgh}f' c~is' h`m f|rgkjh}f }lfzf z{z}faz' ke sf h~f }i zv~!ukuf }lf ~vccfm fuigv}ki`h~{ ek}`fzz gh`mzjhrf sf h~f ehjk`c k` }lkz jf`}v~{. ]lfzf `fs f|rf~kaf`}hg k`!z}k}v}ki`z avz} ev`j}ki` gkof ~hrkm ~fzri`zf }fhaz' ji`}k`vhgg{ zkavgh}k`c' ei~fjhz}k`c' hmhr}k`c' h`m mf!

rgi{k`c `fs h`m k`ìuh}kuf ~fzri`zfz }i }lf fuf~ jlh`ck`c jk~jvaz}h`jfz sf skgg nf ehjk`c. ]lfzf `fsk`z}k}v}ki`z zlivgm nf lkclg{ mkz}~knv}fm h~iv`m iv~ fjikèizrlf~f' ahzzkufg{ f}si~ofm' h`m ji``fj}fm

n{ h zf`zf ie jiaav`k}{ }lh} zrh`z hgg f|kz}k`c ni~mf~z' nf }lf{ cfirl{zkjhg' cfifjiìakj' cfizijkhg' i~ cfirigk}kjhg. ]lfzf `fs h`m k`ìuh}kuf jiaav`k}kfz skgg hj} hz evgg{ ev`j}ki`hg' nv} zjhgfm mis`' zijkf!}kfz' slkjl sf ~fef~ }i hz akj~izijkf}kfz i~ fjiukgghcfz. @fs hrr~ihjlfz slkjl lhuf nff` r~iuf` feefj!}kuf h} }lf gijhg gfufg ie }lf cginhg `f}si~o' skgg }lf` nf hmir}fm n{ gh~cf~ ti`fz sk}lk` }lf `f}si~o' r~i!ukmk`c avg}k!gfufg jiargf|k}{ }fz}k`c' sk}l c~hmvh}fm k`}~imvj}ki` k`}i }lf gh~cf~ cginhg f}si~o. ]lf{skgg hj} hz ahzzkufg{ rh~hggfg }fz}k`c ti`fz ei~ `fs h`m k`ìuh}kuf hrr~ihjlfz. He}f~ ~vccfm }fz}k`c' }lizfhrr~ihjlfz slkjl h~f eiv`m }i nf }lf aiz} feefj}kuf' jh` c~hmvhgg{ nf hzzkakgh}fm k`}i gh~cf~ h~fhz ie }lfzijkhg' fjiìakj' h`m cginhg ciuf~`h`jf `f}si~oz.

@is sf avz} hzo' sl{ h~f akj~izijkf}kfz zi kari~}h`} }i }lf ev}v~f ie iv~ jkukgkth}ki`z fuigv}ki` h}}lkz rh~}kjvgh~ dv`j}v~f9 K` i~mf~ }i h`zsf~ }lkz xvfz}ki` sf avz} ek~z} v}kgktf h }iig zkakgh~ }i' nv} ir!

rizk}f }i }lf akj~izjirf. Sf `ffm }i tiia iv} sk}l h ahj~izjirf' ~h}lf~ }lh` k` sk}l h akj~izjirf' }icf} ziaf rf~zrfj}kuf i` slf~f sf h~f k` }lf v`kuf~zf hz h` fuiguk`c jkukgkth}ki`' nfei~f sf }hof vr iv~ ahk` }irkj ie akj~izijkf}kfz k` }lf ei~a ie fjiukgghcfz.

Hz iv~ fh~}l jkukgkth}ki` }~h`zk}ki`z e~ia }lf f`m ie i`f jf`}v~{ h`m akggf``kva k`}i hì}lf~' sf zlivgm rhvzf h`m }~{ }i }hof h` iuf~ukfs ie slf~f sf h~f k` }lf r~ijfzz ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`. K` }lf ghz} efsjf`}v~kfz ie }lf r~fukivz akggf``kva' sf aiufm e~ia nfk`c h` hc~kjvg}v~hg jkukgkth}ki` }i h` k`mvz}~khgjkukgkth}ki`. K` }lf ghz} lhge ie }lf r~fukivz jf`}v~{' iv~ jkukgkth}ki` }~h`zk}ki`fm e~ia h` fzzf`}khgg{ af!jlh`kjhg }fjlìgickjhg z}hcf' }i h` fgfj}~i`kj }fjlìgickjhg z}hcf. K` }lf ghz} xvh~}f~ ie }lf r~fukivz jf`!}v~{' nki}fjlìgic{ h`m cf`f}kj }fjlìgic{ nfch` }i zv~ehjf hz ahdi~ }fjlìgickjhg }~f`mz' h`m sk}l }lfirf`k`c ie }lf k`}f~`f} }i }lf cf`f~hg rvngkj k` }lf ghz} mfjhmf' sf f`}f~fm }lf fh~g{ z}hcfz ie }lf kèi~ah!}ki` hcf. ]lfzf }~h`zk}ki`z sf~f hgg kari~}h`} ah~of~z i` }lf hzjf`mk`c zjhgf ie rgh`f}h~{ jiargf|k}{ h`mv`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`. Ke sf rghjf }lkz sligf r~ijfzz k` h ahj~izjirf h`m tiia iv} fuf` ev~}lf~' }i cf} h`fuf` gh~cf~ iuf~ukfs' slh} skgg sf zff9. ]lf cf`f~hg }~f`m }lh} sf skgg inzf~uf kz i`f ie fuf~ k`j~fhzk`c

jiargf|k}{.

K` }lf ghz} efs jf`}v~kfz sf v}kgktfm gk`fh~ ~fmvj}ki`kz} }lkòk`c k` iv~ hrr~ihjl }i zjkf`jf' }i n~fho vr hgg}lf indfj}z k` iv~ si~gm k`}i }lfk~ ji`z}k}vf`} rh~}z. ]i h gh~cf f|}f`} sf ìs oìs slh} }lf si~gm kzahmf vr ie. Lisfuf~' lhuk`c hgg }lf rkfjfz ie h rvttgf kmf`}kekfm' kz uf~{ mkeef~f`} e~ia }lf r~ijfzz ie

rv}}k`c }lf rvttgf }icf}lf~ hz h k`}fc~h}fm sligf. ]lf ~fmvj}ki`kz} hrr~ihjl kz uf~{ zvjjfzzevg h} kmf`}ke{!k`c }lf rkfjfz ie }lf rvttgf' nv} k} r~iukmfz gk}}gf k` }lf sh{ ie h ahr k` }f~az ie lis hgg }lf rkfjfz ek} }i!cf}lf~ h`m si~o }icf}lf~ hz h sligf. K` }lf ~fhg v`kuf~zf' }lf sligf rvttgf kz ì} h z}h}kj rkfjf ie jh~m!

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o ;


10/44

nih~m' jv} vr k`}i ah`{ zahgg rkfjfz. ]lf v`kuf~zf kz h m{`hakj avg}kmkaf`zki`hg ahr' k` slkjl hgg }lfk`mkukmvhg jiari`f`}z h~f z{z}fakjhgg{ k`}f~hj}kuf h`m ji`}k`vhgg{ fuiguk`c. K`z}fhm ie h }si mkaf`!zki`hg rvttgf' sf lhuf h avg}kmkaf`zki`hg m{`hakj `f}si~o. Jiar~flf`mk`c zvjl h `f}si~o jh`ì} nfhjjiargkzlfm n{ }lf gk`fh~ ~fmvj}ki`kz} hrr~ihjl' }lh} si~ofm zi sfgg slf` iv~ ji`jf~` shz kmf`}ke{k`c}lf ji`z}k}vf`} rkfjfz. ]lkz af}lim skgg ì} zf~uf vz sfgg cik`c ei~sh~m' k` iv~ xvfz} }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf

jiargf| k`}f~hj}ki` `f}si~o' slkjl }kfz hgg ie }lfzf rkfjfz }icf}lf~ k` h avjl gh~cf~ ev`j}ki`k`c z{z}fa. K` i~mf~ }i evgekgg }lkz `fs jlhggf`cf' sf `ffm h cf`f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{ ' h`m h cf`f~hg z{z}fa hrrgkfm zjk!f`jf . Cf`f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{ kz }lf hrr~ihjl i`f avz} }hof }i v`mf~z}h`m m{`hakjhg z{z}faz' jiargf|k}{'zfge!i~ch`kth}ki ' faf~cf`jf' h`m jlhiz. ]lf gk`fh~ hzrfj} ie ~fmvj}ki`kza' ji`zjkivzg{ i~ v`ji`zjkivzg{

r~irizfz }lh} rkfjfz ie z{z}faz jh` nf kzigh}fm e~ia }lf gh~cf~ z{z}fa' h`m z}vmkfm k` ~fgh}kuf kzigh}ki`'h`m }lh} }lkz skgg hggis vz }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf evgg `h}v~f ie }lf z{z}fa. ]lf cf`f~hg kmfh kz }lh} n{ z}vm{k`chgg ie }lf jiari`f`}z k` }lkz ah``f~' i`f skgg fuf`}vhgg{ nf hngf }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf f`}k~f z{z}fa. ]lf k`!lf~f`} hzzvar}ki` kz' }lh} slh} {iv gfh~` hniv} fhjl ie }lf zfrh~h}f jiari`f`}z nflhuki~ k` kzigh}ki`'skgg ì} nf hg}f~fm }i h`{ zkc`kekjh`} mfc~ff' slf` }lf zfrh~h}f rkfjfz h~f rghjfm nhjo k` }lf f`}k~f z{z}fa.Gk`fh~k}{ hzzvafz }lh} }lf~f skgg nf ì jiargf| k`}f~hj}ki` hniuf h`m nf{i`m }lf k`mkukmvhg nflhuki~ ie }lh} rh~} slf` k} kz rghjfm sk}lk` }lf ji`}f|} ie }lf avjl gh~cf~ z{z}fa. Vèi~}v`h}fg{ }lf uhz} ahdi~k}{ie z{z}faz k` }lf v`kuf~zf h~f ie zvjl h gfufg ie jiargf|k}{ }lh} }lf{ h~f k`jhrhngf ie mkzrgh{k`c }lkz ok`mie zkargf nflhuki~. Slh} sf zff k` }lf uhz} ahdi~k}{ ie }lf v`kuf~zf' h~f jiargf| m{`hakjhg z{z}faz' }lh}mkzrgh{ h gh~cf mfc~ff ie z{z}fakj k`}f~irf~hnkgk}{. ]lfzf z{z}faz h~f ì`gk`fh~' ~h}lf~ }lh` gk`fh~' h`m hzahgg jlh`cf h} ziaf rik`} k` zvjl h z{z}fa' jh` k`k}kh}f i~ ngijo h sligf jhzjhmk`c zf~kfz ie fuf`}z k`}lf i}lf~ jiari`f`}z i~ z}hcfz ie }lf z{z}faz m{`hakjz. K` i~mf~ }i v`mf~z}h`m h z{z}fa' sf avz} v`!mf~z}h`m k}z evgg m{`hakjz' h`m }lf jiargf| effmei~sh~m h`m effmnhjo jk~jvk}z }lh} mf}f~ak`f k}z iuf~hgg

nflhuki~hg m{`hakjz.

Nfjhvzf zi avjl ie }lf cf`f~hg rirvgh}ki` z}kgg ~fahk`z i` }lf rf~krlf~{ ie }lf }~faf`mivz rh~hmkca

zlke} }lh} kz }hok`c rghjf k` lis sf ukfs `h}v~f' h efs si~mz e~ia i`f ie }lf k`zkmf~z k` }lkz }~h`zei~ah!}ki` ah{ r~iuf vzfevg. Z}fuf` Z}~ich}t _:Q zvaah~ktfm }lf }~h`zk}ki` k` }lf frkgicvf ie lkz niio' Z[@J ]lf Faf~ck`c Zjkf`jf ie Zri`}h`fivz I~mf~ 4

K lirf kuf ckuf` {iv h zf`zf ie lis }l~kggk`c k} kz }i nf h zjkf`}kz} ~kcl} ìs. K} effgz gkof }lf mhs` ie h`fs f~h. He}f~ jf`}v~kfz ie z}vm{k`c `h}v~f n{ }fhzk`c k} k`}i zahggf~ h`m zahggf~ rkfjfz' sf~f z}h~}k`c }ihzo lis }i rv} }lf rkfjfz nhjo }icf}lf~ hchk`.

Igm!}kaf~z skgg jlvjogf h`m zh{ }lf{uf lfh~m }lkz gk`f nfei~f. Fuf~{ mfjhmf i~ zi' h c~h`mkizf }lfi~{jiafz hgi`c' nfh~k`c zkakgh~ hzrk~h}ki`z h`m ie}f` n~h`mkzlk`c h` iakìvz!ziv`mk`c J!`haf. K` }lf8;52z k} shz j{nf~`f}kjz. K` }lf 32z k} shz jh}hz}~irlf }lfi~{. ]lf` jhaf jlhiz }lfi~{ k` }lf


11/44

}lf ev`j}ki`k`c ie h jfgg' }lf fnn h`m egis ie }lf fjiìa{. K}z h zkc` ie }lf }kafz' ei~ f|hargf' }lh} h}fuf~{ ahdi~ ~fzfh~jl v`kuf~zk}{' k`z}k}v}fz h~f zr~k`ck`c vr sk}l `hafz zvjl hz ev`j}ki`hg cfìakjz h`mk`}fc~h}kuf nkigic{' slf~f nkigickz}z h~f }fhak`c vr sk}l jiarv}f~ zjkf`}kz}z h`m ah}lfah}kjkh`z }i }~{ }iahof zf`zf ie }lf mh`jf ie gkef h} }lf aigfjvgh~ gfufg. Zfxvf`jk`c }lf lvah` cfìaf chuf vz h` fì~!aivz gkz} ie rh~}z4 :2'222 k`mkukmvhg cf`fz h`m }lf r~i}fk`z }lf{ f`jimf. Nv} sf z}kgg lhuf hgaiz} ì jgvf

lis }lf k`}f~gijok`c hj}kuk}kfz ie }lizf cf`fz h`m r~i}fk`z h~f jli~fic~hrlfm k` }lf gkuk`c jfgg.Slh} ahofz hgg }lfzf v`zigufm r~ingfaz zi uf|k`c kz }lfk~ mfjf`}~hgktfm' m{`hakj jlh~hj}f~' k` slkjlfì~aivz `vanf~z ie jiari`f`}z offr jlh`ck`c }lfk~ z}h}f e~ia aiaf`} }i aiaf`}' giirk`c nhjo iì`f hì}lf~ k` sh{z }lh} jh`} nf z}vmkfm n{ f|hak`k`c h`{ i`f rh~} k` kzigh}ki`. K` zvjl jhzfz' }lf sligfkz zv~fg{ ì} fxvhg }i }lf zva ie }lf rh~}z. ]lfzf rlfìaf`h' gkof aiz} i}lf~z k` }lf v`kuf~zf' h~f ev`mh!af`}hgg{ ì`gk`fh~ .

]lh}z sl{ ì`gk`fh~ m{`hakjz kz jf`}~hg }i }lf ev}v~f ie zjkf`jf.

@is }i jiaf nhjo }i }lf xvfz}ki` ie slf~f sf h~f i` }lf jv~uf h`m }kafgk`f ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`. Sf nfgkfuf }lh} slkgf }lf `f|} jf`}v~{ skgg ji`}k`vf }i nf h jf`}v~{ ie }fjlìgic{' nki}fjlìgic{' h`m kèi~!ah}ki` }lfi~{' h} }lf aiz} ev`mhaf`}hg gfufg' k} skgg nf }lf jf`}v~{ ie jiargf|k}{ v`mf~z}h`mk`c h`mah`hcfaf`}. Fk}lf~ sf skgg nfck` }i v`mf~z}h`m' ah`hcf' h`m ji`}~ig jiargf|k}{' i~ k} skgg mfz}hnkgktfiv~ jkukgkth}ki` e~ia sk}lk`' fuf`}vhgg{ gfhmk`c }i jh}hz}~irlkj jhzjhmk`c ehkgv~fz' slkjl skgg fk}lf~ zf} vznhjo lv`m~fmz i~ }livzh`mz ie {fh~z .

Ziaf rfirgf ah{ gfhm {iv }i nfgkfuf }lh} sf jh` huikm }lkz jiè~i`}h}ki`' n{ zkarg{ cik`c nhjo }i hzkargf~ zijkf}{' ziaf}lk`c i` }lf i~mf~ ie }lf hc~kjvg}v~hg zijkf}{ sf lhuf hg~fhm{ faf~cfm e~ia. Sf miì} nfgkfuf }lkz hrr~ihjl kz ukhngf. Jiargf|k}{ kz h ev`mhaf`}hg xvhgk}{ ie }lf v`kuf~zf' k} f|kz}z ei~ h

rv~rizf' h`m }lh} rv~rizf kz }i jlhggf`cf vz }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf f`}k~f v`kuf~zf hz h sligf . K} kz h` k`fuk!}hngf rh~} ie iv~ fuigv}ki`' h`m sf ìs z}h`m i` }lf }l~fzligm ie }lkz c~fh} hmuf`}v~f k`}i }lf jiargf|k}{

ie }lf v`kuf~zf. Sf mh~f ì} z}fr nhjo e~ia }lkz jlhggf`cf' ke sf lhuf h`{ lirf ie h}}hk`k`c }lf iafchz}h}f ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`. Slh} sf mi lhuf h jlikjf hniv} kz lis sf ah`hcf jiargf|k}{' slf}lf~ sfahof k} si~o ei~ vz' i~ hggis k} }i mfz}~i{ vz. Ke sf skzl }i nf jij~fh}i~z ie }lf v`kuf~zf' sf lhuf ìjlikjf nv} }i ahz}f~ }lf ~fhg jiargf|k}{ k`lf~f`} k` }lf v`kuf~zf. Lisfuf~' k} kz f|}~fafg{ kari~}h`} }lh}sf gfh~` }i kmf`}ke{ fzzf`}khg jiargf|k}{ ' slkjl jh`ì} nf huikmfm' e~ia e~kuigivz jiargf|k}{' slkjl jh`h`m avz} nf ji`}~iggfm h`m huikmfm. Jiargf|k}{ j~fh}fm n{ rii~ h`m k`hjjv~h}f ji`jfr}vhgkth}ki`' mf!zkc`' f`ck`ff~k`c' r~imvj}ki`' h`m ah~of}k`c kz huikmhngf' h`m sf avz} ahz}f~ }lkz zjkf`jf h`m h~} ie jiargf|k}{ ji`}~ig' ke sf skzl }i zv~ukuf hz h ukhngf }fjlìgickjhg jkukgkth}ki`.

Vèi~}v`h}fg{ sf h~f hg~fhm{ zlisk`c ah`{ z{ar}iaz ie }lf ehj} }lh} sf lhuf ì} {f} v`mf~z}iim }lf

gfzzi`z ie jiargf|k}{' h`m iv~ ah`hcfaf`} zokggz zffa }i nf ehggk`c ev~}lf~ h`m ev~}lf~ nflk`m }lf c~is!k`c f|ri`f`}khg jv~uf ie jiargf|k}{. Sf sivgm gkof }i zvccfz} }lh} akj~izijkf}kfz jh` rgh{ h uf~{ kari~!}h`} ~igf k` }lf jiak`c jf`}v~{ k` lfgrk`c vz }i v`mf~z}h`m' ji`}~ig' h`m fuf`}vhgg{ ahz}f~ jiargf|k}{.Akj~izijkf}kfz h~f zahgg si~gmz slf~f sf jh` f|rgi~f jiargf| f}si~oz. Ah`{ hzrfj}z ie jiargf|k}{jh`ì} zkarg{ nf zigufm h`hg{}kjhgg{' }lf{ avz} nf zkavgh}fm }i nf v`mf~z}iim . Hz sf chk` k`j~fhzfmhsh~f`fzz ie jiargf|k}{' sf jh` }fz} iv~ kmfhz k` }lf zahggf~ ji`}~iggfm fùk~iàf`}z ie akj~iukgghcfz.]lf zahggf~ zktf ie akj~izijkf}kfz hggisz vz }i zkavgh}f h} h gisf~ gfufg ie jiargf|k}{' h`m h} h ~fmvjfm



12/44

jiz}z' h`m }lf ri}f`}khg zr~fhm ie rii~ zkavgh}ki`z jh` nf ji`}hk`fm e~ia r~igkef~h}k`c k`}i }lf gh~cf~ zijkhg i~ch`kzaz . Slf` {iv h~f mfhgk`c sk}l lkcl mfc~ffz ie jiargf|k}{' ah`{ zkavgh}ki`z h~f ie}f``ffm }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf evgg nflhuki~ ie z{z}faz. K` i~mf~ }i mi }lkz' i`f `ffmz h gh~cf mfc~ff ie rh~hggfg

r~ijfzzk`c . Sk}l }lf f|kz}f`jf ie gh~cf `vanf~z ie akj~izijkfk}kfz' sf jh` h}}hk` }lkz `ffmfm mfc~ff ie rh~hggfg r~ijfzzk`c. Ukhngf zkavgh}ki`z jh` nf }fz}fm hj~izz }lf gh~cf~ akj~iukgghcf f}si~o' }i }fz} }lfk~

~invz}`fzz v`mf~ mkeef~f`} fùk~iàf`}hg' fjiìakj' h`m zijkhg jk~jvaz}h`jfz.

R~ingfaz k` k`k}kh}k`c akj~izijkf}kfz^fzfh~jl k`}i }lf ok`mz ie inz}hjgfz c~ivrz ie rfirgf ah{ f`jiv`}f~ slf` h}}far}k`c }i fz}hngkzl fjiukg!ghcfz' `ffmz }i nf ji`zkmf~fm. Sf lhuf gkz}fm ziaf ie }lf ahdi~ inz}hjgfz }lh} ah{ z}h`m k` }lf sh{ ie zvjl feei~}z.

K@EGF\KNGF TI@K@C JIMFZ

Slf` rv~jlhzk`c gh`m' {iv skgg lhuf }i mfhg sk}l }lf f|kz}k`c ti`k`c jiaakzzki`z sk}lk` }lf z}h}f'jiv`}{' h`m jk}{ k` slkjl {iv skzl }i rv~jlhzf gh`m. Aiz} jiv`}kfz lhuf ti`k`c jimfz slkjl h}}far} }imfhg sk}l }lf uh~kivz }{rfz ie gh`m v}kgkth}ki` }lf{ }{rkjhgg{ f`jiv`}f~. K` h }{rkjhg jiv`}{ slf~f i`f jh`z}kgg rv~jlhzf gh~cf rgi}z ie gh`m' {iv skgg vzvhgg{ ek`m }lf eiggisk`c }{rfz ie ti`k`c z}h}v}fz4

~fzkmf`}khg ,zvnmkukzki` hggisfm+

nvzk`fzz

hc~kjvg}v~hg ,ì zvnmkukzki`+

~v~hg ,ì nvkgmk`c hggisfm+

~v~hg ,sk}l liafz}fhm ! hggisz ei~ h zk`cgf liaf+

~fzi~} ,i`g{ k` ziaf jiv`}kfz ! rf~lhrz }lf aiz} egf|kngf+

K`}f`}ki`hg fjiukgghcfz i~ akj~izijkf}kfz r~fzf`} h v`kxvf jlhggf`cf }i jiv`}{ ti`k`c jiaakz!

zki`z. Sl{9 Nfjhvzf k`}f`}ki`hg akj~izijkf}kfz' h~f n{ mfzj~kr}ki` akj~izijkf}kfz' h`m }lkz ka!

rgkfz }lh} }lf{ skgg k`ji~ri~h}f hgg' i~ h gh~cf rf~jf`}hcf ie' }lf hniuf zk| ti`k`c }{rfz sk}lk` i`f

jiaav`k}{. K`}f`}ki`hg akj~izijkf}kfz ~fhgg{ `ffm h `fs ti`k`c z}h}vz slkjl hggisz ei~ hgg ie }lf

hniuf }{rfz ie ti`k`c sk}lk` h zk`cgf z}h}vz.

]lf sligf k`}f`}ki` ie h akj~izijkf}{ kz }i nfjiaf h zfge zvrri~}k`c' zfge zvz}hk`k`c' k`jgvzkuf

sligf zijkf}{ i` h akj~i!zjhgf . K` i~mf~ }i mi }lkz' }lf zijkf}{ avz} k`ji~ri~h}f ~fzkmf`jfz' hc~k!

jvg}v~f' ~v~hg gh`m' nvzk`fzz' h`m ~fzi~}z sk}lk` k}z is` niv`mh~kfz k` hmmk}ki` }i ahk`}hk`k`c h`

hj}kuf k`}f~ehjf sk}l }lf zv~~iv`mk`c jiaav`k}{ ,jk}{' jiv`}{' h`m z}h}f+. Zk`jf jk}kfz i~ jiv`}kfz

hg~fhm{ zff }lfazfgufz hz r~iukmk`c }lf f|kz}k`c zijkhg z}~vj}v~f' }lf akj~izijkf}{ ,~h`ck`c e~ia

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o 8>


13/44

82 ! 62'222 rfirgf i~ch`ktfm hz h` k`}f`}ki`hg jiaav`k}{+ r~fzf`}z h jlhggf`cf }lh} aiz} jk}kfz

i~ jiv`}kfz lhuf ì} h`}kjkrh}fm' nfjhvzf }lf{ zff }lfazfgufz hz r~iukmk`c }lkz ev`j}ki`. ]lf{

lhuf hg~fhm{ mfufgirfm ti`fz sk}lk` }lfk~ mfufgiraf`}hg r~idfj}ki`z ei~ ~fzkmf`jfz' nvzk`fzzfz'

hc~kjvg}v~hg h~fhz' ~v~hg h~fhz' h`m ~fzi~}z. Gh~cf akj~izijkf}kfz h`m zahgg jk}kfz ,p82'222!62'222

rfirgf+ jivgm uf~{ sfgg ek`m }lfazfgufz jiarf}k`c }i rf~ei~a }lf zhaf ev`j}ki`. K` jhzfz slf~f}lf jk}{ i~ jiv`}{ kz }lf gh~cf~ v`k}' }lfzf k`z}k}v}ki`z skgg giio h} akj~izijkf}kfz hz ziaf}lk`c

}lh} avz} nf k`ji~ri~h}fm k`}i }lfk~ f|kz}k`c mfufgiraf`}hg rgh``k`c' sk}l gk}}gf i~ ì ji`jf~` ei~

}lf `ffmz ie }lf akj~izijkf}{. Zi k} sivgm zffa }lh} h `fs }{rf ie ti`k`c ah{ nf ~fxvk~fm slkjl

aff}z }lf `ffmz ie ni}l }{rfz ie zijkhg i~ch`kth}ki`. H `fs }{rf ie ti`k`c slkjl sivgm nf

ak`kahgg{ hjjfr}hngf h`m lirfevgg{ nf`fekjkhg }i ni}l rh~}kfz . Sf }lf~fei~f zvccfz} }lh} jiv`!

}kfz h`m jk}kfzhmir} h` hmmk}ki`hg fs ti`k`c z}h}vz slkjl sf zlhgg ~fef~ }i hz h akj~izijkf}{

ti`f . H akj~izijkf}{ ti`f sivgm ji`zkz} ie h ti`f z}h}vz }lh} sivgm hggis h nhgh`jfm rf~jf`}hcf

,}i nf mf}f~ak`fm gijhgg{+ ie }lf gh`m sk}lk` h akj~izijkf}{ }i nf mfmkjh}fm }i fhjl ie }lf ai~f

}~hmk}ki`hg ti`f }{rfz. Lirfevgg{ }lkz `fs ti`k`c z}h}vz sivgm hggis h` fjiukgghcf jiaav`k}{ }i

rf~ei~a hgg ie }lf eiggisk`c zijkf}hg ev`j}ki`z4

c~is k}z is` eiim j~irz' h`m r~iukmf ziaf f|}~h eiim j~irz ei~ zhgf

ji`mvj} gkcl} i`!riggv}k`c ah`vehj}v~k`c h`m k`mvz}~{

irf~h}f zahgg nvzk`fzzfz }i zf~uf ni}l }lf k`}f~`hg jiaav`k}{ h`m }lf zv~~iv`mk`c jiaav`k}{

irf~h}f k}z is` jiir nhòk`c h`m kùfz}af`} zf~ukjfz

irf~h}f k}z is` f`f~c{ ,fgfj}~kjhg' chz' cfi}lf~ahg' sk`m' zigh~' h`m hg}f~`h}kuf f`f~c{+' sh}f~' h`m zfs!hcf v}kgk}kfz' k`jgvmk`c }lf jhrhjk}{ }i zfgg f`f~c{ nhjo k`}i }lf jiv`}{' z}h}f' i~ `h}ki`hg c~km

r~iukmf ~fzkmf`}khg livzk`c ei~ k}z jiaav`k}{ afanf~z

r~iukmf r~fzjliig h`m zjliig ehjkgk}kfz

irf~h}f afmkjhg' lizrkjf' mf`}hg' h`m uf}f~k`h~{ ehjkgk}kfz k` }lf gh~cf~ jiaav`k}kfz

irf~h}f h zlh~fm }~h`zri~}h}ki` ehjkgk}{ ,jh~' }~vjo' zahgg rgh`f' h`m lfgkjir}f~ ehjkgk}{+ h`m }~h`zri~}h!}ki` kè~hz}~vj}v~f ,~ihmz+ slf~f `fjfzzh~{ i~ hrr~ir~kh}f

irf~h}f k}z is` c~iv`m nhzfm h`m zh}fggk}f nhzfm }fgfjiaav`kjh}ki` h`m n~ihmjhz} ehjkgk}kfz' h`m r~i!ukmf k}z is` k`}f~`f} RIR ìmf

Jk}kfz' jiv`}kfz' h`m z}h}fz `ffm }i ~fhgktf }lh} rizk}kufg{ i~kf`}fm k`}f`}ki`hg fjigickjhg jiaav`k}kfz h~f}lf }~f`m ie }lf ev}v~f ' h`m }lizf z}h}fz' jiv`}kfz' h`m jk}kfz }lh} r~ffar}kufg{ rizk}ki` }lfazfgufz }ihjjiaaimh}f }lkz rh~hmkca zlke} k` zijkf}{ skgg nf k` }lf nfz} rizk}ki` }i h}}~hj} ev}v~f kùfz}af`}

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o 8:


14/44

hkafm h} lkcl xvhgk}{ zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`c . Hz }lf nhn{ niiaf~ cf`f~h}ki` `fh~z ~f}k~faf`} hcf' fì~aivzzvaz ie ai`f{ jh` ri}f`}khgg{ egis k`}i zvjl feei~}z' ke }lf r~irf~ hmdvz}af`}z h~f ahmf h} }lf z}h}f'jiv`}{' h`m jk}{ gfufgz ie ciuf~àf`}. F`gkcl}f`fm z}h}fz h`m jiv`}kfz skgg k` ì sh{ zff }lkz hz ziaf zi~}ie zhj~kekjf' ei~ k} zlivgm ~fmvjf }lf mfah`mz i` }lf f|kz}k`c ciuf~àf`}hg z}~vj}v~fz h`m r~iukmf ei~ h`fs' lkclg{ f`}~fr~f`fv~khg' ni}}ia!vr hrr~ihjl }i ciuf~`h`jf' gi`c iuf~mvf k` h si~gm rghcvfm n{ nv!

~fhvj~h}kj ~fm }hrf h`m irrizk`c rh~}{ c~kmgijo. Ciuf~àf`}z zlivgm sfgjiaf }lf hzzkz}h`jf ie k`ìuh}fjiaav`k}kfz sk}l lkclg{ ai}kuh}fm ~fzri`zkngf rfirgf skggk`c }i hjjfr} ~fzri`zknkgk}{ ei~ }lfk~ is` k`!e~hz}~vj}v~f ffmz.

I` }lf i}lf~ lh`m' }lizf z}h}fz' jiv`}kfz' h`m jk}kfz }lh} jliizf ì} }i hjjiaaimh}f h`m ehjkgk}h}f k`}f`!}ki`hg fjigickjhg akj~izijkf}kfz' jh` ji`}k`vf }i giio ei~sh~m }i avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}f f|rgik}h}ki` ie lvah` ~fziv~jfz' fjigickjhg ~fziv~jfz' h`m kè~hz}~vj}v~f ! hz }lfzf ji~ri~h}ki`z ji`}k`vf }i ei~jf jia!av`k}kfz }i jiarf}k}kufg{ nkm hchk`z} fhjl i}lf~ ei~ }lfk~ ehj}i~kfz h`m ehjkgk}kfz' ei~jk`c }lf jk}kfz }i ieef~ }h| rh{f~ ev`mfm k`jf`}kufz h`m ~fmvjfm }h|h}ki` ke }lf{ sh`} }i nf ji`zkmf~fm k` }lf nkmmk`c r~ijfzz.

Hmmk}ki`hg r~ingfaz ah{ h~kzf slf` }lf jiaav`k}{ zvnak}z k}z gh`m r~irizhg }i }lf jiv`}{. Mfufgir!af`}hg r~idfj}z gkof }lfzf ie}f` ~fxvk~f jk}{ jiv`jkg rvngkj lfh~k`cz' ti`k`c jiaakzzki` lfh~k`cz' h`m }lfzlh~k`c ie }lf r~irizhg sk}l }lf `fkclni~z ie }lf hmdik`k`c r~irf~}kfz. ]lf jk}{ jiv`jkg afanf~z' }lf ti`!k`c jiaakzzki` afanf~z' h`m }lf zv~~iv`mk`c r~irf~}{ is`f~z skgg' k` aiz} k`z}h`jfz' nf vèhakgkh~ sk}l }lf ji`jfr} ie k`}f`}ki`hg fjigickjhg jiaav`k}kfz. H ciim mfhg ie feefj}kuf fmvjh}ki` h`m hmuijhj{ah{ nf ~fxvk~fm }i jiùk`jf }lfzf rh~}kfz }lh} zvjl h jiaav`k}{ kz h mfzk~hngf hg}f~`h}kuf }i }lf vzvhgti`k`c hjjiaaimh}ki`z. K} skgg nf kari~}h`} }lh} }lfzf jiaav`k}kfz r~fzf`} }lfk~ r~idfj}z k` h uf~{ r~i!efzzki`hg h`m feefj}kuf ah``f~' ke }lf{ skzl }i sk` iuf~ }lf zk}}k`c jiv`jkgaf`' jiaakzzki`f~z' h`m r~ir!f~}{ is`f~z. Ke h`m slf` }lfk~ r~idfj}z h~f hrr~iufm' k} skgg nf uf~{ kari~}h`} }i ahk`}hk` ciim jiaav!`kjh}ki`z sk}l }lfzf rh~}kfz hz }lf r~idfj} mfufgirz. Feei~}z }i sfgjiaf h`m k`ji~ri~h}f }lf jiaav`k}kfz

k`rv}' ah{ ci h gi`c sh{ }ish~mz ~fmvjk`c h`{ ri}f`}khg ~fzkz}h`jf. I`jf }lf r~idfj} kz hrr~iufm' ke h`{`ffmfm mfukh}ki`z e~ia }lf i~kck`hg r~irizhg h~kzf' k} kz kari~}h`} }lh} }lfzf jlh`cfz h~f ~fri~}fm h`mmfhg} sk}l }l~ivcl }lf r~irf~ jlh``fgz. ]lf jiaav`k}{ avz} nf zv~f }i jiarg{ sk}l hgg jimfz h`m jia!

rgf}f hgg k`zrfj}ki`z k` h }kafg{ h`m feekjkf`} ah``f~' hzzv~k`c }lf mfufgiraf`} ie h ciim si~ok`c ~fgh!}ki`zlkr sk}l }lf ~fzrfj}kuf ciuf~àf`} k`z}k}v}ki`z kùigufm.

H@ H][RKJHG RÎEKGF EI^ NH@O GIH@Z

Slf`fuf~ rizzkngf c~ivrz sli skzl }i z}h~} fjiukgghcf r~idfj}z zlivgm h}}far} }i rv~jlhzf gh`m iv}!

~kcl}' h`m huikm nfck``k`c }lfk~ r~idfj}z n{ cik`c k`}i mfn} . K` jhzfz slf~f }lkz kz ì} rizzkngf' nhò gih`z skgg nf ~fxvk~fm' h`m }lf }{rkjhg nhò skgg ì} nf ehakgkh~ sk}l }lf k`jf`}kufz' k`}f`}ki`z' h`m cihgz

ie h` k`}f`}ki`hg fjigickjhg jiaav`k}{. ]lf nhòz ah{ nf ziafslh} ai~f zofr}kjhg hniv} ahok`c gih`zei~ r~idfj}z sk}l slkjl }lf{ h~f ì} ehakgkh~. ]lkz skgg r~inhng{ ~fxvk~f }lf ri}f`}khg is`f~z }i r~iukmfji`zkmf~hngf f|}~h mijvaf`}h}ki`' h`m }i fzzf`}khgg{ fmvjh}f h`m jiùk`jf nhòf~z }lh} zvjl r~idfj}z h~fuf~{ ukhngf fjiìakj f`}k}kfz. Slf`fuf~ rizzkngf' c~ivrz zlivgm zffo iv} nhòz }lh} ah{ lhuf hg~fhm{lhm ziaf f|rf~kf`jf sk}l zvjl r~idfj}z' nv} k` aiz} jhzfz }lkz kz v`gkofg{' nfjhvzf fjiukgghcfz h`m akj~i!zijkf}kfz h~f h `fs rh~hmkca slkjl lhz ì} {f} nff` k`ji~ri~h}fm k`}i }lf f|kz}k`c fjiìakj z}~vj}v~f.Nhòz avz} nf fmvjh}fm h`m jiùk`jfm }lh} r~ic~fzzkuf zvz}hk`hngf fjigickjhg gkuk c kz r~iek}hngf' nf!

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o 8=


15/44

jhvzf `h}v~hg ~fziv~jf f|lhvz}fm zijkf}kfz h~f ehkgk`c zijkf}kfz' slkjl k`fuk}hng{ }v~` k`}i gi`c!}f~a j~fmk}~kzoz. Gi`c!}f~a gh`m ji`zf~uh}i~kfz jh` nf ni}l r~iek}hngf h`m zvz}hk`hngf' h`m k` ah`{ jhzfz ah{ hj}v!hgg{ kar~iuf ~f`fshngf fjigickjhg ~fziv~jf v}kgkth}ki` slkgf kar~iuk`c }lf iuf~hgg fjigickjhg fùk~i`!af`}' ni}l gijhgg{ h`m cginhgg{.

K`}f`}ki`hg jiaav`k}kfz slkjl mi ì} lhuf k`mkukmvhgz sk}lk` }lfk~ eiv`mk`c afanf~z sli lhuf }lfzfzokggz zlivgm zf~kivzg{ ji`zkmf~ lk~k`c r~iefzzki`hg ~fr~fzf`}h}ki` }i ahof zv~f }lfzf j~k}kjhg k`}f~ehjfzh~f lh`mgfm k` h` hrr~ir~kh}f ah``f~. ]lfzf j~k}kjhg k`}f~ehjfz jivgm uf~{ sfgg nf }lf ahof i~ n~fhoz}frz k` {iv~ h}}far}z }i fz}hngkzl {iv~ fùkzki`fm jiaav`k}{. K} kzj~k}kjhg }lh} {iv offr k` ak`m }lh} {ivh~f jiarf}k`c sk}l r~iefzzki`hg ~fhg fz}h}f mfufgiraf`} ji~ri~h}ki`z }lh} lhuf fì~aivz gfchg h`m

r~iai}ki`hg mfrh~}af`}z. K` ah`{ jhzfz' jiv`}{ h`m jk}{ jiaakzzki`f~z skgg nf vzfm }i mfhgk`c sk}l}lfzf r~iefzzki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z' h`m h`{ ghjo ie r~iefzzki`hgkza i` {iv~ rh~} skgg aiz} gkofg{ ì} nf sfgg ~fjfkufm .

]lf jv~~f`} z}h}vz ie f|kz}k`c akj~izijkf}kfzKe {iv ci i` }lf k`}f~`f} h`m mi h zfh~jl ei~ jiaav`hg gkuk`c' fjiukgghcfz' h`m k`}f`}ki`hg jiaav`k}kfz'h`m }lf` r~ijffm }i mi h zv~uf{ ie }lf lv`m~fmz ie sfn zk}fz {iv skgg ek`m' {iv skgg jiaf hsh{ sk}l }lfcf`f~hg kar~fzzki` }lh} akj~izijkf}kfz h~f z}~vccgk`c k` }lfk~ mfufgiraf`}. ]lf f|kz}k`c jiaav`k}kfz h~fmfufgirfm h~iv`m ah`{ mkeef~f`} }lfafz4

ì`!r~iek} livzk`c

ji!livzk`c

fjigickjhg gkef z}{gf

eh~ak`c ,i~ch`kj eh~ak`c+

k`j~fhzfm jiaav`k}{ kùigufaf`}

nhjo }i `h}v~f

zahgg nvzk`fzz

}~hmk}ki`hg ~fgkcki`

zrk~k}vhg mij}~k`f

cv~v jf`}f~fm zrk~k}vhg mij}~k`f

gh`m r~fzf~uh}ki` i~ }~vz}

~fzi~}

lfhg}l zrh

uh~kivz ok`mz ie jvg}z



16/44

Zk`jf ah`{ ie }lfzf akj~izijkf}kfz h~f ì} ei~ r~iek} i`g{ ai}kuh}fm gkof }lf uhz} ahdi~k}{ ie gh`m mf!ufgiraf`} r~idfj}z' ev`mk`c kz h ~fhg r~ingfa. Ah`{ ie }lfzf jiaav`k}kfz h~f f|rf~kaf`}k`c sk}l lisis`f~zlkr kz lh`mgfm' zi ziaf ie }lf }{rkjhg k`c~fmkf`}z ie }{rkjhg liaf h`m gh`m is`f~zlkr gkof ai~}!chcfz h`m k`mkukmvhg r~irf~}{ }k}gfz' h~f ie}f` ì} huhkghngf. K`ji~ri~h}ki` kz h egf|kngf ir}ki`' nv} }lf~fh~f zi ah`{ ir}ki`z sk}l ~fch~m }i lis }i zf} vr }lf ji~ri~h}ki`' }lh} }lkz jh` ie}f` nfk`c jlhggf`ck`c.

N{ ì afh`z zlivgm slh} sf h~f hniv} }i mkzjvzz' nf zff` hz h` k`zf`zk}kuf j~k}kjkza ie }lf f|kz}k`cjiaav`k}kfz' }lh} h~f si~ok`c k` h uf~{ mfmkjh}fm ehzlki` h`m v`mf~ mkeekjvg} jk~jvaz}h`jfz }i r~iukmf`fs f|rf~kaf`}z k` jiaav`k}{. Lisfuf~' sf mi }lkò }lfk~ kz uhgvf k` giiok`c h} }lf ak| ie k`c~fmkf`}z}lh} h~f kùigufm k` }lf rh~}kjvgh~ hrr~ihjlfz }lh} h~f jv~~f`}g{ v`mf~ mfufgiraf`}' k` h` feei~} }i }~{ }iv`mf~z}h`m sl{ }lfzf hrr~ihjlfz h~f z}~vccgk`c h`m f|rf~kf`jk`c ev`mk`c' mfufgiraf`}' h`m f|rh`zki`

r~ingfaz. Ziaf ie }lf ji`zrkjvivz rik`}z sf ì}kjfm k` iv~ zv~uf{ h~f4

h ji`zrkjvivz ghjo ie }lf r~fzf`jf h`m v}kgkth}ki` ie ah`{ ie }lf aiz} jv}}k`c fmcf }fjlìgickfz

v`zirlkz}kjh}fm k`}f~`f} f}si~ok`c jhrhnkgk}kfz

v`zirlkz}kjh}fm avg}kafmkh jhrhnkgk}kfz

h ghjo ie v`kuf~zhg n~ihmnh`m ji``fj}ki`z

gk}}gf i~ ì f!jiaaf~jf i~ N>N ,nvzk`fzz!}i!nvzk`fzz+ jhrhnkgk}{

h ghjo ie fuf` zkargf sfn zk}fz ,}lkz kz kar~iuk`c+

Zk`jf ah`{ hzrfj}z ie }lf gh}fz} }fjlìgickfz jh` nf fji!e~kf`mg{ ,zie}sh~f mfufgiraf`}' f!jiaaf~jf' f!zf~ukjfz+ jiarh~fm }i ah`{ i}lf~ ei~az ie k`mvz}~{' sl{ h~f zvjl ei~az ie jiaaf~jf nfk`c zlv``fm n{akj~izijkf}kfz9 Ev~}lf~ai~f sk}l h ciim n~ihmnh`m ji``fj}ki`' ah`{ ie }lfzf }{rfz ie nvzk`fzzfz jh` nfji`mvj}fm e~ia ~fgh}kufg{ ~fai}f gijh}ki`z k` }lf jiv`}~{ sk}l uf~{ ak`kahg karhj} i` }lf gijhg fùk!~iàf`}. I`f jh` fhzkg{ jiaf hsh{ sk}l }lf kar~fzzki` }lh} hgaiz} hgg }fjlìgic{ kz nfk`c zlv``fm' ì}

dvz} fji!vè~kf`mg{' riggv}k`c' h`m mfz}~vj}kuf }fjlìgickfz. Sl{ kz }lkz zi9 Rf~lhrz ziaf rfirgf nfgkfuf}lh} }lf nfz} sh{ }i k`zv~f iv~ ev}v~f' kz }i i`jf hchk` ~f}v~` }i iv~ rhz}. Sf }hof f|jfr}ki` }i }lkz hr!

r~ihjl' nfjhvzf sf mi ì} }lkò }lkz kz h ukhngf hrr~ihjl. K` i~mf~ }i f`zv~f iv~ ev}v~f zv~ukuhg' sf avz}ie `fjfzzk}{ ci ei~sh~m. Sf jf~}hk`g{ mi hc~ff }lh} avjl ie iv~ jv~~f`} }fjlìgickjhg ~iggiv} lhz nff`hjjiargkzlfm k` h jh~fgfzz ah``f~' slkjl lhz nff` mfz}~vj}kuf }i iv~ fùk~iàf`}' nv} }lkz mifz ì}afh` }lh} }fjlìgic{ kz k`lf~f`}g{ nhm. Ah`{ ie iv~ `fs }fjlìgickjhg k`ìuh}ki`z h~f ji`}~knv}k`c }ijgfh`k`c vr }lf r~fukivz mfz}~vj}ki` ie }lf k`mvz}~khg hcf. Cik`c ei~sh~m' `fs }fjlìgickfz gkof cf`f}kjf`ck`ff~k`c h`m hì}fjlìgic{. ieef~ c~fh} r~iakzf }i r~fzf~uf h`m kar~iuf iv~ f|kz}k`c fjigic{' ke sflhuf }lf r~fzf`jf ie ak`m h`m }lf rh}kf`jf }i k`k}kh}f }lfa h`m ah}v~f }lfa ji~~fj}g{. Sf nfgkfuf }lh}slf` rfirgf nh` }icf}lf~ h`m ahof }lf jlikjf }i zf} vr `fs h`m k`ìuh}kuf akj~izijkf}kfz' }lfk~ r~kah~{indfj}kufz zlivgm nf }i4

^f`fs }lfk~ zf`zf ie k`}kahj{ sk}l }lfk~ gijhg fjigic{ h`m }lf r~fjkivz`fzz ie }lf fh~}lz nkizrlf~f'gfhmk`c }lfa }i gkuk`c k` h ah``f~ }lh} f`zv~fz gi`c!}f~a zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`c i` iv~ rgh`f}



17/44

^ffuhgvh}f }lf ah``f~ k` slkjl }lf{ mfhg sk}l slh} sf ~fef~ }i hz fjiìakjz ! is`f~zlkr ie ~fziv~jfz' r~iek} ai}kuf' ah`hcfaf`} h`m mkz}~knv}ki` ie ~f`fshngf h`m ì`!~f`fshngf ~fziv~jfz

~ffuhgvh}f af}limz ie ciuf~`h`jf

~ffuhgvh}f af}limz ie fmvjh}ki`

Sf zlivgm gfhuf nflk`m rii~ k`mvz}~khg r~hj}kjfz }lh} h~f fh~}l mhahck`c h`m riggv}k`c' slkgf k`ji~ri!~h}k`c fs h`m kar~iufm fh~}l r~fzf~uk`c k`mvz}~{ h`m }fjlìgic{.

Sf zlivgm vzf iv~ akj~izijkf}kfz hz f|rf~kaf`}hg ti`fz }i kùf`}' mfufgir' v}kgktf' h`m mkz}~knv}f `fs}fjlìgickfz slkjl h~f nf`fekjkhg }i ni}l lvah` zv~ukuhg h`m iv~ c~is}l k` }lf fh~}lz nkizrlf~f.

Fz}hngkzl lkclg{ `f}si~ofm ~fgh}ki`zlkrz sk}l i}lf~ akj~izijkf}kfz }i }hof evgg hmuh`}hcf ie }lf m{!`hakjhg z{z}faz r~k`jkrgf }lh} }lf sligf kz c~fh}f~ }lh` }lf zva ie }lf rh~}z. ]~vf jiaav`k}{ kz h

z}h}f ie ak`m' k} oìsz ì rl{zkjhg niv`mh~kfz . Akj~izijkf}kfz zlivgm ì} nf zf} vr sk}l lh~m niv`mh!~kfz }i kzigh}f rfirgf e~ia }lf gh~cf~ zijkf}{' h`m h`{ ei~a ie niv`mh~{ zlivgm irf~h}f gkof h zfak!

rf~afhngf jfgg afan~h`f.

]lf zfak!rf~afhngf afan~h`f' slkjl lhz si~ofm zi sfgg k` }lf fuigv}ki` ie jfgg nkigic{' kz h` f|jfggf`}ji`jfr} }i v}kgktf k` akj~izijkf}kfz i~ fjiukgghcfz slkjl h~f f|rf~kaf`}hg zijkf}kfz. K` }lf fh~g{ mh{z ie

nkigic{' jfggz sf~f lkclg{ f|rf~kaf`}hg aigfjvgh~ zijkf}kfz. Zfak!rf~afhngf jfgg afan~h`fz hggisfmjfggz }i ji`}k`vhgg{ f|rf~kaf`} h`m k`ìuh}f sk}l fs ah}f~khgz)kèi~ah}ki` }lh} }lf{ jivgm zfgfj}kufg{kari~} h`m f|ri~} }l~ivcl }lfk~ jfgg afan~h`fz. Ziaf ah}f~khgz sivgm nf hjjfr}fm' fuhgvh}fm' h`m ~f!}hk`fm' i}lf~ ah}f~khgz sivgm nf aimkekfm h`m hmhr}fm }i }lf rh~}kjvgh~ `ffmz ie }lf jfgg' h`m {f} i}lf~zsivgm nf ~fdfj}fm nfjhvzf ie }lfk~ lh~aevg i~ riggv}k`c feefj}z i` }lf jfgg k`}f~ki~. Ji`z}h`} f|rf~kaf`}h!}ki`' aimkekjh}ki`' ~fek`faf`}' h`m }lf zlh~k`c ie ah`vehj}v~fm ah}f~khgz h`m nkikèi~ah}kjz nf}sff`jfggz' lhz ckuf` vz iv~ jv~~f`} nkizrlf~f. Akj~izijkf}kfz zlivgm nf lh~m r~fzzfm }i ek`m h nf}}f~ rh~hmkca

}i aimfg }lfk~ is` f|rf~kaf`}hg zijkf}kfz h~iv`m .

]i nfck` h akj~izijkf}{ sk}l h nhjosh~m giiok`c rf~zrfj}kuf gkof }lf `hkuf zgich` cik`c nhjo }i }lfgh`m' kz gkof }hok`c h `fs div~`f{ n{ ukfsk`c k} k` }lf ~fh~ ukfs ak~~i~. N{ hgg afh`z' iv~ ~fjf`} hnvzf ie iv~ r~fjkivz fjigic{ avz} nf hmm~fzzfm n{ h ~f`fsfm ~fzrfj} h`m ~fuf~f`jf ei~ iv~ `h}v~hg ~fziv~jfz' nv}}lkz mifz ì} karg{ }lh} sf avz} ukfs `fch}kufg{ hgg ie iv~ }fjlìgickjhg feei~}z hz jij~fh}i~z k` }lkz v`k!uf~zf. Sf avz} gfh~` }i vzf nkigic{ hz iv~ aimfg ei~ ev}v~f }fjlìgickfz' h`m sf avz} z}~kuf ei~ 822&ì`!mfz}~vj}kuf ah`vehj}v~k`c h`m ~fj{jgk`c. ]lf~f kz hg~fhm{ }lf nfck``k`c ie h }~f`m sk}lk` }fjlìgic{slkjl ~fjic`ktfz }lkz fjfzzk}{' h`m k} kz ~fef~~fm }i hz nkiakakj~{. Nkiakakj~{ kz }lf r~imvj} ie }lfc~isk`c ~fjic`k}ki` n{ }fjlìgickz}z' }lh} nkigic{ lhz hg~fhm{ hjjiargkzlfm avjl ie slh} sf skzl }i

hjjiargkzl k` iv~ ev}v~f }fjlìgic{ _=Q. Nkigic{ kz hg~fhm{ jiarv}k`c h`m ah`vehj}v~k`c h} }lf zahggaigfjvgh~ gfufg' h }hzo sf h~f z}kgg z}~kuk`c }i hjlkfuf.

Sf zlivgm ì} efh~ }lf r~ijfzz ie j{nf~`f}kjz. ]lf nfz} h~cvaf`} sf jh` r~fzf`} ei~ }lkz ji`jgvzki`' kz }i}hof h giio h} iv~ is` nkigickjhg i~ch`kzaz . Avjl ie }lf mhkg{ nv~mf` ie offrk`c iv~ nimkfz ~v``k`c h`mek`fg{ }v`fm kz lh`mgfm n{ }lf hv}iìakj `f~uivz z{z}fa. ]lkz ah~ufgivz hv}iìakj `f~uivz z{z}fa}hofz jh~f ie hgaiz} hgg }lf nhzkj `fjfzzk}kfz ie f|kz}f`jf' h`m e~ffz vz vr ni}l rl{zkjhgg{ h`m af`}hgg{ }i}lkò' h`hg{tf' aimke{' h`m cf`f~hgg{ ah`krvgh}f iv~ fùk~iàf`} hz jij~fh}i~z ie }lf v`kuf~zf. Ke k} sf~f



18/44


19/44

k`}fggkcf`} gkef ei~az. Hz sf giio iv} mffrf~ k`}i }lf v`kuf~zf sf k`z}k`j}kufg{ zf`zf }lh} hgg }lkz r~frh~h!}ki` zffaz }i nf k`mkjh}k`c h` f|rf~kaf`} i~ h zkavgh}ki` ie zvjl fì~aivz zjhgf }lh} ai~f }lh` zkargf

zv~ukuhg kz k`lf~f`} sk}lk` }lf vèigmk`c m~hah ie }lf v`kuf~zf(

Ke sf lhuf }lf jiv~hcf h`m }lf ukzki` }i hjjfr} }lf jlhggf`cfz ie }lkz v`kuf~zf' }lf ri}f`}khg kz }lf~f ei~ vz

}i mi ai~f }lh` zv~ukuf. Sf oìs sf jh` mi nf}}f~' h`m k} zlivgm ì} nf `fjfzzh~{ ei~ vz }i cf} hlfhm k`gkef h} }lf f|rf`zf ie iv~ efggis ah`. Hg}livcl jiarf}k}kuf h`m f|rgik}h}kuf z}~h}fckfz jh` r~iukmf zli~}}f~a nf`fek}z }i h zahgg rf~jf`}hcf ie }lf rirvgh}ki`' h} }lf f|rf`zf ie }lf ~fahk`k`c gh~cf~ rf~jf`}hcf' k`}lf afmkva h`m gi`c }f~a }lfzf r~hj}kjfz h~f aiz} ie}f` mfz}~vj}kuf }i }lf k`mkukmvhgz' c~ivrz' h`m }lffùk~iàf`} sf k`lhnk}. Jiarf}k}kuf h`m f|rgik}h}kuf z}~h}fckfz' h~f zli~} }f~a sk`)gizf z}~h}fckfz . ]lf{cf`f~hgg{ r~imvjf uf~{ lkcl ji`zvar}ki` ~h}fz ie ni}l ~f`fshngf h`m ì`!~f`fshngf ~fziv~jfz' dfirh~m!ktk`c }lf gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hnkgk}{ ie }lf fjiz{z}fa. Ke h rgh`f}h~{ z{z}fa kz hgsh{z mkukmfm k`}i sk``f~zh`m gizf~z' }lf~f h~f hgsh{z cik`c }i nf ghcck`c ji~fz ie rii~ k`}fggkcf`jf h`m fjiìakj mfr~huh}ki`'~fzvg}k`c k` ehkgfm zijkf}kfz slkjl ji`}k`vf }i r~iukmf h ji`}k`vhg f`}~ir{ m~hc sk}lk` h` i}lf~skzf `f!

cf`}~irkj fuigv}ki`h~{ r~ijfzz .

H~f }lf~f hg}f~`h}kufz }i }lf Mh~sk`kh` zjf`h~ki9 [fz' ie jiv~zf' }lf~f h~f hgsh{z hg}f~`h}kufz' h`m iv~ rv~rizf lf~f kz }i f|rgi~f }lfzf hg}f~`h}kufz.

Ke i`f }lkòz ie }lf v`kuf~zf hz h uhz} fmvjh}ki`hg f|rf~kf`jf' ~fxvk~k`c c~hmvh}fm ir}kakth}ki` k` kèi~!ah}ki` r~ijfzzk`c n{ }lf gkef ei~az }lh} k`lhnk} k}' sf jh` }lf` hzo slh} }lf `f|} faf~cf`} gfufg ie fuigv!}ki` ah{ nf nf{i`m Mh~sk`kh` jiarf}k}ki`. Sf sivgm gkof }i l{ri}lfzktf }lh} }lf eiggisk`c r~ic~fzzkiàh{ nf vzfevg k` h}}far}k`c }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf irri~}v`k}kfz }lh} gkf hlfhm ie vz' k` }lf `f|} z}hcfz ie v`k!uf~zf fuigv}ki`4

Jiarf}k}kuf rlhzf ! Mh~sk`kh` fuigv}ki` r~iukmfz }lf nhzkj nkigickjhg i~ch`kza jhrhngf ie ainkgk}{'

hj}ki` h`m ~fhj}ki` }i }lf fùk~iàf`}' jiar~flf`zki`' h`m j~fh}kuk}{.

Z{z}fakj rlhzf ! K`}fggkcf`} gkef ei~az fuf`}vhgg{ jiaf }i h` v`mf~z}h`mk`c ie }lf z{z}fakj `h}v~f ie }lf v`kuf~zf' h`m }lf{ fuf`}vhgg{ mfufgir h cf`f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{ }i r~irf~g{ aimfg }lfk~ fjiz{z}fa'jkukgkth}ki`' h`m v`kuf~zf.

Z{anki}kj rlhzf ! ]lf r~irf~ v`mf~z}h`mk`c h`m hrrgkjh}ki` ie z{z}fakj r~k`jkrgfz gfhmz }i h `fs gfufgie jiirf~h}kuf jiùf~cf`jf ~fef~~fm }i hz z{ankizkz.

Gi`c!}f~a zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`c rlhzf ! I`jf z{z}fakj r~k`jkrgfz h`m z{anki}kj r~k`jkrgfz nfjiaf evgg{k`}fc~h}fm h`m hrrgkfm sk}lk` }lf jkukgkth}ki`' }lf jkukgkth}ki` hzjf`mz e~ia h gfufg 2 jkukgkth}ki` }i h

gfufg 8 jkukgkth}ki`. Gfufg 2 jkukgkth}ki`z h~f i`g{ ri}f`}khg jkukgkth}ki`z' }lf{ lhuf ì} {f} lh~`fzzfm }lff`}k~f ~fziv~jfz ie }lfk~ rgh`f} k` h gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf ehzlki`. Gfufg 8 jkukgkth}ki`z lhuf lh~`fzzfmhgg ie }lf ~fziv~jfz huhkghngf sk}lk` }lfk~ rgh`f}h~{ fjisianz' h`m lhuf gfh~`fm }i ah`hcf }lfa kèhzlki` }lh} f`zv~fz }lfk~ gi`c!}f~a zv~ukuhg.

Nki~hr}v~f rlhzf ! I`jf h jkukgkth}ki` lhz ahz}f~fm }lf zjkf`jf h`m h~} ie z{z}fakj h`m z{anki}kj gku!k`c' }lf~fn{ hzzv~k`c }lh} fuf~{ k`mkukmvhg skgg lhuf }lf irri~}v`k}{ }i gkuf vr }i }lfk~ evgg cf`f}kj' k`!}fggfj}vhg' h`m jvg}v~hg ri}f`}khg' k} jh` aiuf i` }i h` fuf` lkclf~ gfufg ie fuigv}ki` k` }lf ei~a ie nki!

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o 8;


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~hr}v~f. Nki~hr}v~f kz h z}h}f ie ek`k}f nkigickjhg rf~efj}ki` ie gkuk`c. Gkef kz ì gi`cf~ h z}~vccgf' k} lhzek`hgg{ ~fhjlfm }lf k}z ~fgh}kuf rgh`f}h~{ }fgfigickjhg indfj}kuf. N~i}lf~liim' giuf' di{' f|xvkzk}f h~}'hmuh`jfm zjkf`}kekj v`mf~z}h`mk`c' h`m }lf f|jk}faf`} ie nfk`c h jij~fh}f~ k` }lf v`kuf~zf nfjiaf }lfì~a.

Hzjf`zki` rlhzf ! ]lf z{z}fakj v`kuf~zf kùigufz zi avjl z}i~fm h`m mkz}~knv}fm k`}fggkcf`jf' }lh} k} kzkarizzkngf ei~ h zk`cgf gfufg ie f|kz}f`jf }i r~iukmf ei~ hgg }lf gfh~`k`c f|rf~kf`jfz }lh} skgg nf `fjfz!zh~{ ei~ v`kuf~zf mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf }i gke} k}z fuiguk`c k`}fggkcf`} gkef ei~az hz{ar}i}kjhgg{ }i!sh~m h gfufg hrr~ihjlk`c mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf. Hzjf`zki` kz }lf r~ijfzz n{ slkjl sf r~frh~f h`maiuf i` }i }lfzf lkclf~ gfufgz ie f|rf~kf`jf h`m gfh~`k`c k` }lf gh~cf~ v`kuf~zf nf{i`m iv~ nfck``k`c

rgh`f}h~{ fji!sianz.

Sf avz} hzo iv~zfgufz ke k} rizzkngf }i hjjiargkzl }lf r~ic~fzzki` sf lhuf dvz} f|rgkjh}fm9 Sf nfgkfuf}lh} k} kz ì} i`g{ rizzkngf' nv} ah`mh}i~{ ei~ hgg jkukgkth}ki`z slkjl skzl }i h}}hk` h rizk}ki` ie rf~ah`f`}~fzkmf`jf k` }lf v`kuf~zf. Ie jiv~zf e~ff skgg hggisz k`lhnk}h`}z ie rgh`f}h~{ fjiz{z}faz }i jliizf h`!i}lf~ rh}l' i`f }lh} k`fuk}hng{ gfhmz }i nfjiak`c h rh~} ie }lf f|}k`j} eizzkg ~fji~mz. Sf lhuf h jlikjfnf}sff` }lf v`mkz}k`cvkzlfm akzf~{ ie ji`}k`vhg z}~vccgf h`m f|rgik}h}ki` ,h gkef z}{gf gkak}fm }i giio!

k`c k` }lf ~fh~ ukfs ak~~i~ ie r~kak}kuf `h}v~f+' i~ h mkz}k`cvkzlfm gkef z}{gf evgg{ eijvzfm i` h cgi~kivz ev}v~f. Hz fuiguk`c irf` z{z}faz' gkef mifz ì} hggis vz }lf jlikjf ie ì jlikjf' ì~ skgg }lf v`kuf~zfhv}iah}kjhgg{ ahof }lf jlikjf ei~ vz. Mi sf dvz} sh`} }i nf h aiaf`}h~{ eii}ì}f k` }lf ev}v~f chghj}kjh~jlkufz ie h zrfjkfz }lh} lhm }lfk~ n~kfe Mkz`f{gh`m aiaf`} k` }kaf' i`g{ }i mkzhrrfh~ e~ia }lf h~f`h'i~ mi sf sh`} }i nf h rh~} ie }lf uhz} shuf ie ~kzk`c jkukgkth}ki`z zsffrk`c hj~izz }lf chgh|{' }lh} lhufhjjfr}fm }lf jlhggf`cf' fan~hjfm }lf si~o' h`m h~f giiok`c ei~sh~m }i }lf v`kahck`hngf irri~}v`k}kfz}lh} hshk} vz k` iv~ hzzv~fm ev}v~f.

Cf`f~hg z{z}faz ! z{z}fakjzSlf` sf f`}f~ }lf v`kuf~zf k} kz hg~fhm{ h z{z}fakj z{z}fa }lh} lhz f|rf~kf`jfm ji`zkmf~hngf fuigv}ki`'hz kz fukmf`jfm n{ }lf f|}f`zkuf lkf~h~jlkjhg gfufgz sf sk}`fzz k` iv~ rgh`f}h~{ f|rgi~h}ki`' }fgfzjirfz'akj~izjirfz' h`m ~fzfh~jl zh}fggk}fz. ]lf v`kuf~zf kz h uhz} z{z}fa' h`m ke sf h~f cik`c }i nf zvjjfzzevg k`v`mf~z}h`mk`c k}' sf avz} gfh~` ai~f hniv} }lf `h}v~f ie z{z}faz k` cf`f~hg.

Cf`f~hg Z{z}fa ]lfi~{ kz }lf c~isk`c oìsgfmcf nhzf ie }lf cf`f~hg v`mf~z}h`mk`c ie z{z}faz . Hrrgkfmz{z}fakjz kz }lf hrrgkjh}ki` ie }lf zjkf`jf h`m h~} ie z{z}faz. ]lf h}}far} }i v`mf~z}h`m }lf z}~vj}v~hg~fgh}ki`zlkrz h`m m{`hakjz ie z{z}faz' kz h ji`zkmf~hngf jlhggf`cf' h`m fì~aivz ri}f`}khg ~fsh~mz h~fheei~mfm }lizf sli zvjjffm k` iuf~jiak`c }lkz jlhggf`cf. ]lf v`kuf~zf sf sk}`fzz hgg h~iv`m vz kz fuk!mf`jf ie }lf z{z}fakj jlhggf`cf }lh} gkfz nfei~f vz.

Ke {iv gkuf sk}lk` h z{z}fa ,zijkf}{' rgh`f}h~{ fjiz{z}fa' zigh~ z{z}fa' chgh|{' i~ v`kuf~zf+ h`m {iv miì} v`mf~z}h`m k}z z{z}fakj `h}v~f' slh} h~f {iv~ jlh`jfz ie zv~ukuk`c h`m egiv~kzlk`c sk}lk` k}9 ]lf f`!uk~iàf`} sf h~f ni~` k`}i r~f!f|kz}z vz ni}l k`mkukmvhgg{ h`m jiggfj}kufg{. ]lkz fùk~iàf`} kz ì} cik`c}i jlh`cf }i hjjiaaimh}f iv~ ghjo ie k`}f~fz}' i~ iv~ ghjo ie v`mf~z}h`mk`c ie k}z ev`j}ki hg m{`hakjz.]lkz z{z}fa jh` i`g{ rh~f`} h`m `v~}v~f {iv ke {iv ahof }lf feei~} }i nfjiaf ji~~fgh}fm h`m z{`f~ckz!

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >2


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}kjhgg{ ~fzi`h`} sk}l k}z irf~h}k`c m{`hakjz k` h jiùf~cf`} ah``f~ . Ni}l hz k`mkukmvhgz h`m hz h zijk!f}{ sf avz} ahof }lkz feei~}. Sf jh` fk}lf~ si~o k` h mkzzkmf`} ah``f~ hchk`z} }lf z{z}fakj ghsz' i~ sfjh` gfh~` }i si~o k` lh~ai`{ sk}l }lf z{z}fa. Ke sf jliizf }lf ji`z}~vj}kuf rh}l ie z{z}fakj gfh~`k`c' sffuf`}vhgg{ nfck` }i zff }lh} sf jh` cf`f~hgktf iv~ oìsgfmcf e~ia z{z}faz sf hg~fhm{ v`mf~z}h`m }i z{z!}faz sf h~f ì} hz ehakgkh~ sk}l. Fuf`}vhgg{ sf gfh~` }i hrr~ihjl hgg hzrfj}z ie }lf jlhggf`cf ie gkef e~ia

}lkz rf~zrfj}kuf. K` h uf~{ ~fhg zf`zf' gkef kz }lf r~ijfzz ie z{z}fakj gkuk`c' slf~f z{z}faz gfh~` }i ji`! z}~vj}kufg{ k`}f~ehjf sk}l i}lf~ zvnz{z}faz h`m ahj~i!z{z}faz k` zvjl h ah``f~ }lh} i`f hjlkfufz }lf

ah|kava ie feekjkf`j{' ir}kakth}ki`' rgfhzv~f' h`m fuigv}ki` . Slf` sf si~o sk}l z{z}faz' hz irrizfm}i hchk`z} }lfa' z{z}faz h~f hngf }i {kfgm vr }lfk~ ah|kava ri}f`}khg }i vz. ]lfzf z{z}faz lhuf nff` rv}k` rghjf }i hjjiargkzl }lkz uf~{ indfj}kuf. Hg}livcl sf ah{ ì} {f} lhuf zveekjkf`} kèi~ah}ki` }i r~iuf}lh} hgg z{z}faz h~f }fgfigickjhg' k} zffaz si~}lslkgf }i hzzvaf }lh} }lf{ h~f v`}kg r~iuf` i}lf~skzf.Ah`{ zjkf`}kz}z }imh{ h~f v`jiaei~}hngf sk}l }fgfigickjhg indfj}kufz' h`m r~fef~ }i zff iv~ v`kuf~zf hz h`f|}~fafg{ ~h~f ti`f ie `fcf`}~ir{ k` h avjl gh~cf~ jlhi}kj rlhzf zrhjf k` slkjl ~h`mia`fzz h`m z}i!jlhz}kj r~ijfzzfz miak`h}f. Z{z}fa }lfi~{ gfhmz vz vr hì}lf~ rh}l }lh} ~fufhgz zfge!i~ch`ktk`c r~k`jkrgfzie faf~cf`jf' h`m }lh} ah{ ~fufhg }lf f|kz}f`jf ie h }fgfigickjhg h}}~hj}i~ sk}lk` iv~ v`kuf~zf.

Ke sf giio nhjosh~mz }l~ivcl }lf r~fukivz lkz}i~{ ie }lf v`kuf~zf' sf zff h z}i~{ ie i~mf~ nvkgmk`c vri` r~fukivz i~mf~' k` slkjl }lf `fs gfufgz ie z{z}fakj m{`hakjz h~f hgsh{z c~fh}f~ }lh` }lf zva ie }lfk~ rh~}z. Sf zff h v`kuf~zf nii}z}~hrrk`c k}zfge k`}i fuf~ lkclf~ gfufgz ie faf~cf`} i~ch`kth}ki`. ]lf uf~{ehj} }lh} sf h~f lhuk`c }lkz mkzjvzzki`' kz h} gfhz} rh~}khg fukmf`jf ie }fgfigickjhg r~ic~fzzki` h`m }fgfi!gickjhg zvjjfzz. Sf' hz gkef ei~az r~imvjfm sk}lk` }lkz v`kuf~zf' h~f hngf ì} i`g{ }i xvfz}ki` iv~ rv~rizfk` }lkz v`kuf~zf' nv} hgzi }i j~fh}f iv~ is` rv~rizf k` h` faf~cf`} ehzlki`. Sf h~f hngf }i ~fji`z}~vj} }lfhmuh`jf ie `h}v~f' }i ~fuf~zf f`ck`ff~ }lf v`kuf~zfz r~ic~fzz' h`m }i nfjiaf ì} dvz} zrfj}h}i~z' nv} jij~fh}i~z. K} sivgm zffa }lh} ì }~vg{ ~h`mia r~ijfzz sivgm r~iukmf ei~ zvjl h cgi~kivz k`fuk}hnkgk}{ .

Hz sf aiuf e~ia }lf z}h}vz ie ìukjf }i hrr~f`}kjf k` z{z}fakj v`mf~z}h`mk`c' sf nfck` }i zff `vaf~ivzkar~iufaf`}z k` iv~ xvhgk}{ ie gkef. Gkef nfjiafz ai~f lh~ai`kivz' r~imvj}kuf' jkukgktfm' h`m di{evg. Sf

nfck` }i effg }lh} sf h~f ì gi`cf~ nvjok`c h z}~i`c lfhm sk`m' h`} }lh} sf zvmmf`g{ lhuf }lf sk`m h} iv~ nhjoz' h`m }lh} sf h~f nfck``k`c }i zff hgg }lf hmuh`}hcfz ie z{z}fakj h`m z{anki}kj gkuk`c zr~k`ck`c vrhgg h~iv`m vz. Nf}}f~ eiim j~irz' ai~f afh`k`cevg h`m lvah`f si~ok`c ji`mk}ki`z' ev`j}ki`hg h`m feek!jkf`} ciuf~àf`} h`m fjiìakj k`z}k}v}ki`z' h`m fgfuh}fm jvg}v~f gke}k`c iv~ gkufz }i fuf~ lkclf~ gfufgz ie fuigv}ki`. ]lf zvrf~ki~k}{ ie z{z}fakj h`m z{anki}kj sk`)sk` z}~h}fckfz iuf~ Mh~sk`kh` sk`)gizf z}~h}f!

ckfz nfjiafz fuf~ ai~f iuf~slfgak`cg{ jiùk`jk`c . I`g{ i`f xvfz}ki` ~fahk`z. Sl{ mkm sf shk} zigi`c }i hmir} }lkz hrr~ihjl slf` zi avjl zveef~k`c' z}~kef' fjiìakj mfr~kuh}ki`' h`m h cf`f~hg ghjo ie k`}fggkcf`} fuigv}ki` jivgm lhuf nff` huikmfm fuf` fh~gkf~ k` iv~ fuigv}ki`9 Ke gi`c }f~a zvz}hk`hngf gku!

k`c kz hzzv~fm ei~ iv~ jkukgkth}ki`' iv~ jkukgkth}ki` jh` zf} k}z zkcl}z i` ai~f fgfuh}fm rv~zvk}z. ]lf jkukgk!th}ki` jh` aiuf i` }i }lf ek`hg r~f!hzjf`zki` rlhzf ie nki~hr}v~f. Nki~hr}v~f kz }lf vg}kah}f cihg ie fuiguk`c rgh`f}h~{ gkef' r~ki~ }i hzjf`zki` }i h gfufg ie f|rf~kf`jf slkjl kz riz}!rgh`f}h~{. Nki~hr}v~f kz}lf ek`hg ~fek`faf`} ie rgh`f}h~{ nkigickjhg f|rf~kaf`}h}ki`. K} f`jiarhzzfz ~fek`fm nkigic{' v`kuf~zhg fjiìakj evgekggaf`}' ~fgh}kuf rgh`f}h~{ rf~efj}ki` ie zijkf}{ h`m jvg}v~f' h`m }lf vg}kah}f f|rf~kf`jf ei~ }lf k`mkukmvhg gkef ei~a k` }lf h}}hkàf`} ie f`~hr}v~fm i~ch`kj gkuk`c . Fuf~{ ak`v}f' fuf~{ liv~' fuf~{mh{' h`m fuf~{ {fh~ kz h` f|lkgh~h}k`c f|rf~kf`jf. Fuf~{ k`mkukmvhg kz hggisfm }i evgekgg }lfk~ evgg cf`f}kj'



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jvg}v~hg' h`m k`}fggfj}vhg ri}f`}khg' h`m }i ahof }lf vg}kah}f ji`}~knv}ki` }i }lfk~ jkukgkth}ki`. ]lkz kz hei~a ie evgekggaf`} lh~m ei~ vz }i kahck`f k` iv~ jv~~f`} gfufg 2 jkukgkth}ki`. Gkef kz ì gi`cf~ h nv~mf`!ziaf z}~vccgf' sf h~f ìs hngf }i zff k} ei~ slh} k} shz hgsh{z k`}f`mfm }i nf' h cgi~kivz cke} ie niv`m!gfzz gfh~`k`c' ahz}f~{' di{' h`m fuf`}vhgg{ v`kuf~zf jij~fh}ki`.

Ah`{ ie {iv ah{ ~fahk` zofr}kjhg hniv} }lkz r~irizfm rh}lsh{ ie fuigv}ki`. Sf oìs }lh} sf zlhgg i`g{lhuf }lf ek`hg h`zsf~z }i iv~ xvfz}ki`z hniv} fuigv}ki` k` }lf evgg`fzz ie }kaf. ]lf r~ijfzz ie v`kuf~zffuigv}ki`' n{ k}z uf~{ `h}v~f' kz k`fuk}hng{ h gi`c h`m c~hmvh}fm r~ijfzz. ]lf kèi~ah}ki` mkeef~f`}khg nf!}sff` mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf' h`m }lf fuiguk`c k`}fggkcf`} gkef ei~az }lh} mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jffuigufz' kz zi fì~aivz' }lh} k} jh` i`g{ nf n~kmcfm n{ h` fuf~ hzjf`mk`c zf~kfz ie lkf~h~jlkjhg gfufgz ie gfh~`k`c. ]lfzf rgh`f}h~{ sianz' slf~f gkef h~kzfz' h~f ì} }lf vg}kah}f iafch r~imvj}z ie fuigv}ki`' }lf{h~f uf~{ avjl jgizf~ }i }lf hgrlh z}hcf ie r~fzjliigz. K} zffaz eiigkzl }i }lkò }lh} h zk`cgf gfufg ie f|rf!~kf`jf jivgm fuf~ lirf }i n~kmcf zvjl h` uhz} mkeef~f`jf k` k`}fggkcf`jf . Zk`jf iv~ rv~rizf lf~f kz }i gkak}iv~ mkzjvzzki` }i rgh`f}h~{ fjiukgghcfz' sf zlhgg ì} ci ai~f mffrg{ k`}i }lfzf lkclf~ gfufgz ie f|rf~k!f`jf. F`}f~k`c k`}i h mkzjvzzki` ie }lf avjl uhz}f~ }irkjz ie }lf vg}kah}f r~ijfzz h`m rv~rizf ie v`kuf~zf

fuigv}ki`' e~ia }lf jiank`fm rf~zrfj}kufz ie zjkf`jf' jic`k}ki`' kèi~ah}ki` }lfi~{' rlkgizirl{' h`mzrk~k}vhgk}{ sivgm nf h c~fh} hmuf`}v~f' nv} k} sivgm jhvzf vz }i sh`mf~ }i eh~ e~ia iv~ ji~f }irkj.

Z{anki}kjzCf`f~hg z{z}fa }lfi~{ h}}far}z }i h`zsf~ }lf xvfz}ki` ie lis }lf v`kuf~zf kz m{`hakjhgg{ ji`z}~vj}fmh`m jiarv}h}ki`hgg{ fuigufm ,jhvzfz+' h`m z{anki}kjz mfhgz ai~f sk}l }lf hrrgkfm ~fzvg}z ie zvjl v`mf~!z}h`mk`c ,feefj}z+. @h}v~f h} ah`{ lkf~h~jlkjhg gfufgz ~fufhgz ì} i`g{ jiarf}k}ki`' nv} hgzi z{anki}kjjiùf~cf`jf. Vèi~}v`h}fg{ iv~ jv~~f`} nkigickjhg }f|}niioz farlhzktf }lf jiarf}k}kuf hzrfj} ie h}v~f'}lf zv~ukuhg ie }lf ek}}fz}. Z{anki}kj z}vm{ kz h` feei~} }i ~fnhgh`jf }lkz rf~zrfj}kuf' }i r~iukmf f|hargfzie faf~cf`} jiùf~cf`jf }ish~mz ziaf iuf~hgg }fgfigickjhg indfj}kuf. ]lkz indfj}kuf kz i} `fjfzzh~kg{fuf`}vh}fm n{ r~f!mfzkc` hgi`f' nv} ai~f ji~~fj}g{' n{ faf~cf`} zfge i~ch`kth}ki` n{ }lf fuiguk`c gkefei~az }ish~mz ziaf iuf~hgg v`kuf~zhg h}}~hj}i~. K` }lf avjl gh~cf~ rlhzf zrhjf k` slkjl h rh~}kjvgh~ v`k!uf~zf fuigufz' jlikjf h`m e~ff skgg rgh{ h ~igf k` }lf jlizf` rh}lsh{z ie hrr~ihjl }i }lf ek`hg v`kuf~zhgh}}~hj}i~. K`z}fhm ie h }i}hgg{ r~fmf}f~ak`fm v`kuf~zf' sf zffa }i nf gkuk`c k` h v`kuf~zf' }lh} ì} i`g{ieef~z' nv} ~fxvk~fz vz }i rh~}kjkrh}f k` }lf r~ijfzz ie c~hmvh}fm jij~fh}ki` }ish~mz h }fgfigickjhg in!

dfj}kuf }lh} sf h~f hggisfm }i' h} gfhz} rh~}khgg{' mf}f~ak`f . Z{anki}kjz kz }lf ~fhgkth}ki` ie }lf ~fhgk}{ }lh}sf h~f hgg si~ok`c }ish~mz h jiaai` indfj}kuf' h`m }lh} sf h~f hgg k`}f~mfrf`mf`} k` }lf r~ijfzz ie ~fhjlk`c }lkz indfj}kuf. Slf` sf r~irf~g{ hrrg{ z{z}fakj v`mf~z}h`mk`c k` iv~ gkufz' sf aiuf }ish~mz}lkz }fgfigickjhg indfj}kuf k` h ah``f~ }lh} kùigufz }lf r~k`jkrgf ie gfhz} hj}ki`' i~ c~fh}fz} feekjkf`j{.

]lf zkmf feefj} ie }lkz jlikjf' h} }lf gfufg ie zijkf}{' kz }i r~iukmf h gkef }lh} kùigufz h ak`kava ie z}~vc!cgf h`m zveef~k`c. Slf` sf si~o hchk`z} `h}v~hg z{z}fakj ghsz' sf zveef~ }lf ji`zfxvf`jfz ie }l~isk`c}lfzf z{z}faz iv} ie nhgh`jf. Slf` sf si~o jiirf~h}kufg{ sk}l `h}v~hg ghsz' sf egiv~kzl h`m hmuh`jf k`fuigv}ki` h} }lf c~fh}fz} rizzkngf rhjf. Fuigv}ki` k`lf~f`}g{ kùigufz feei~}' nv} k}z rv~rizf kz i} }i k`!egkj} zveef~k`c. Zveef~k`c kz h effmnhjo afjlh`kza slkjl hgf~}z vz }i }lf ehj} }lh} iv~ v`mf~z}h`mk`c ie }lfsi~ok`cz ie }lf v`kuf~zhg jhvzhg f}si~o kz k`zveekjkf`} h`m k` f~~i~. Zveef~k`c kz }lf ~fzvg} ie cik`c hchk`z}' ~h}lf~ }lh` sk}l' v`kuf~zhg ghs. ]lf i`g{ rv~rizf ie zveef~k`c kz }i kèi~a vz hniv} iv~ f~~i~z' zi

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >>


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}lh} sf jh` ji~~fj} }lfa' h`m ~f}v~` }i h rh}l }lh} z}kgg kùigufz }lf k`fuk}hngf feei~} kùigufm k` fuigv}ki`'nv} sk}liv} }lf zveef~k`c slkjl ~fzvg}z e~ia c~izz `fcgfj} ie `h}v~hg z{z}fakj ghsz . Slf` sf ji`}hak`h}fi~ i}lf~skzf kanhgh`jf iv~ fjiz{z}fa' }lfzf akz}hofz jiaf nhjo }i vz hz effmnhjo' k` }lf ei~a ie gizz ie eiim zvrrg{' mkzfhzf' zijkhg z}~kef' v`r~fmkj}hngf k`z}hnkgk}{' fjiìakj mfr~kuh}ki`' h`m zijkhg h`m rz{jli!gickjhg mfc~hmh}ki`. I` }lf i}lf~ lh`m' }lf zvjjfzzevg r~hj}kjf h`m hrrgkjh}ki` ie z{z}fakj oìsgfmcf

~fmvjfz }lfzf feefj}z }i }lf ak`kava. H ak`kava ie zveef~k`c kz hgsh{z kùigufm k` h`{ fuiguk`c f|rf~k!f`jf' slf~f i`f kz hgsh{z mfhgk`c sk}l h ek`k}f h`m c~hmvh}fm r~ijfzz ie rf~efj}ki`.

Z{anki}kj i~ch`kth}ki` kz }lf ~fzvg} ie }lf ~fhgkth}ki` }lh} zfge!i~ch`ktk`c z{z}faz faf~cf i~mf~ iv} ie jlhiz }l~ivcl h r~ijfzz ie i~mf~ nvkgmk`c vri` r~fukivz i~mf~. ]lkz kz hjjiargkzlfm k` zvjl h ah``f~'}lh} h} fhjl `fs gfufg ie i~ch`kth}ki`' }lf zva }i}hg ie }lf mfc~ffz ie e~ffmia irf` }i }lf lkclf~ gfufgz{z}fa' hgsh{z f|jffm }lf mfc~ffz ie e~ffmia huhkghngf }i }lf gisf~ gfufg z{z}fa. ]lkz kz sl{ ~fmvj}ki`!kz} }lkòk`c h`m hrr~ihjlfz }i zjkf`jf' hg}livcl nf`fekjkhg sk}lk` }lfk~ r~irf~g{ v`mf~z}iim gkak}z' jh``fuf~ r~iukmf h` iuf~hgg v`kekfm }lfi~{ ie }lf v`kuf~zf. Z{z}faz h} hgg lkf~h~jlkjhg gfufgz hniuf }lf aiz}

ev`mhaf`}hg gfufg' k`fuk}hng{ f|lknk} }lkz c~fh}f~ }lh` }lf zva ie k}z rh~}z m{`hakjhg nflhuki~' h`m hg!

}livcl }lfzf nflhuki~z jh` ì} hgsh{z nf r~fmkj}fm k` hmuh`jf ie }lfk~ hj}vhg faf~cf`jf' }lf{ zffa }i zlis h` k`fuk}hngf jiùf~cf`jf }ish~m h jiaai` }fgfigickjhg h}}~hj}i~ .

Zvz}hk`hngf gkuk`cGkef sk}liv} h zvz}hk`hngf eijvz kz gk}}gf ai~f }lh` h }fari~h~{ eghzl k` }lf rh`' lf~f h`m ci`f' sk}l rf~!lhrz h n~kfe aiaf`} ie rv~rizf. Hz sf lhuf hg~fhm{ z}h}fm' }lf r~ijfzz ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki` avz} ie `f!jfzzk}{ nf h gi`c h`m c~hmvh}fm r~ijfzz ie fuigv}ki`' k` slkjl fuiguk`c k`}fggkcf`} gkef ei~az h~f i`g{ hngf}i hrr~ihjl }lf gfufgz ie v`kuf~zf mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf hz{ar}i}kjhgg{.

]lkz ahofz zvz}hk`hngf gi`c!}f~a gkuk`c h` hnzigv}f `fjfzzk}{ ke i`f sh`}z }i h}}hk` }lf iafch z}h}f ie fuigv}ki` h} }lf f`m ie }lf r~ijfzz ie v`kuf~zhg fuigv}ki` . Ev~}lf~ai~f' }lf v`rh~hggfgfm jlhggf`cf ie ~fhjlk`c }lf iafch z}h}f ie fuigv}ki` jh` i`g{ nf hjjiargkzlfm }l~ivcl }lf r~irf~ v`mf~z}h`mk`c ie z{z!}faz' h`m }lf r~irf~ hrrgkjh}ki` ie }lkz oìsgfmcf }l~ivcl z{anki}kj jiùf~cf`jf. ]lf~f kz zkarg{ ìi}lf~ sh{ ie hrr~ihjl . Gk`fh~ ~fmvj}ki`kz} hrr~ihjlfz }i fuigv}ki`' slkjl mi ì} ~fjic`ktf }lf k`}fc~k}{ie }lf sligf z{z}fa' ah{ cf} h jkukgkth}ki` }i ziaf gfufg ie zli~} }f~a hjjiargkzlaf`} nfei~f }lf `h}v~hg~fziv~jfz ie }lf z{z}fa hz h sligf lhuf nff` zxvh`mf~fm' mfrgf}fm' mhahcfm' h`m fuigv}ki` kz r~fah!}v~fg{ }f~ak`h}fm.I`g{ z{z}fakjz h`m z{anki}kjz nvkgm }lf eiv`mh}ki` vri` slkjl h gi`c!}f~a zvz}hk`!hngf jkukgkth}ki` jh` nf fuigufm . Jkukgkth}ki` kz nvkg} r~ic~fzzkufg{ gkof h r{~hakm' z}i`f n{ z}i`f e~ia }lf

nhzf vr. K} }hofz ah`{ rkfjfz' fhjl zf} k` }lfk~ r~irf~ ~fgh}ki`zlkr }i fuf~{ i}lf~ rkfjf' }i nvkgm }lf hz!jf`mk`c uf~}kjhg jhzjhmf }i }lf lfhuf`z.

Nki~hr}v~fNki~hr}v~f kz }lf rgh`f}h~{ jhrz}i`f ie }lf r{~hakm' }lf ek`hg eijhg rik`} zvrri~}fm n{ hgg }lf z}~vj}v~fgfhmk`c vr }i h`m zvrri~}k`c }lf eijhg rik`}. Nki~hr}v~f kz }lf ek`hg jiùf~cf`jf ie nkggki`z ie {fh~z ie zfge!i~ch`ktk`c nkigic{' ek`hgg{ eijvzfm i` }lf rgh`f}h~{ nkigic{ }fgfigickjhg indfj}kuf. ]lf f`}k~f r~ijfzzirf~h}fz avjl gkof h gf`z slkjl jiggfj}z hgg ie }lf k`mkukmvhg ~h{z ie gkcl} k`}i h jiaai` eijhg rik`}

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >:


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slf~f }lf mkz}~knv}fm kèi~ah}ki` jh` ek`hgg{ nf k`}fc~h}fm k`}i h jiùf~cf } frkrlh`{ . @is }lh} sf lhufzhkm }lkz' sf avz} nf jh~fevg ì} }i jièvzf h` frkrlh`{ sk}l }lf iafch z}hcf ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`.]lf~f skgg nf frkrlh`kfz nf{i`m iv~ jv~~f`} kahck`h}ki` hshk}k`c vz vrz}~fha' nv} nki~hr}v~f kz mfek!`k}fg{ }lf jvgak`h}ki` ie }lf nfck``k`c rgh`f}h~{ sian f|rf~kf`jf. Nki~hr}v~f kz }lf f|rf~kf`jf ie }lf~fgh}kuf fjz}hz{ ie lkclg{ ~fek`fm i~ch`kj rgh`f}h~{ gkef' h`m }lf r~imvj} ie h r~ijfzz slkjl nfch` zi gi`c

hci k` }lf z}~vccgf ei~ zv~ukuhg k` }lf ijfh`z' }lf rghk`z' h`m }lf dv`cgfz ie iv~ rgh`f}h~{ fjiz{z}fa. K} kzlh~m }i nfgkfuf' nv} sf jh` ìs }~hjf }lf i~kck` ie }lkz r~ijfzz nhjo }i h` fuf` fh~gkf~ f~h k` }lf e~ia ie iv~ z}h~mvz} i~kck`z k` }lf z}fggh~ `v~zf~kfz ie }lf chgh|kfz' slkjl r~iukmfm }lf nhzkj jlfakjhg nvkgmk`c

ngijoz ei~ nkigic{.

Gkufz k` }lf ev}v~f skgg nf f|}f`mfm }i lv`m~fmz ie {fh~z' h`m }lf fmvjh}ki`z ie zvjl k`mkukmvhgz ah{ nffxvkuhgf`} }i h lv`m~fm i~ ai~f mij}i~h}fz. K`mkukmvhgz skgg lhuf }lf }kaf }i nfjiaf hjjiargkzlfm k`hgaiz} fuf~{ hzrfj} ie }lf h~}z. K`mkukmvhgz skgg lhuf }lf }kaf }i f|rgi~f }f`z' ke ì} lv`m~fmz' ie r~iefz!zki`hg jh~~kf~z. I`f sivgm lhuf }lf hnkgk}{ }i ì} dvz} ukzk}' nv} }i gkuf h`m f|rgi~f fuf~{ ji`}k`f`} h`mfjigickjhg ti`f i` }lf rgh`f}. K` }lf zrhjf jigi`kth}ki` hcf' }lkz sivgm nf f|}f`mfm }i }lf hnkgk}{ }i ukzk}

fuf~{ i~nk}k`c h~jlk}fj}v~hg zrhjf jigi`{. Kèi~ah}ki` hjjfzz sivgm nf v`kuf~zhg h`m k`z}h`}h`fivz' zi}lh} }lf i`fz k`}fggfj}vhg hmuh`jfaf`} sivgm i`g{ n{ gkak}fm n{ i`fz is` k`}fggfj}vhg feei~}z h`m }lfzva }i}hg ie hgg k`}fggfj}vhg rv~zvk}z ie }lf f`}k~f jkukgkth}ki`.

Lhuk`c f|rf~kf`jfm }lf evgg`fzz ie }lf iafch z}hcf ie rgh`f}h~{ nkigickjhg fuigv}ki`' iv~ zrk~k}z skgg nf!jiaf ~fz}gfzz hchk`. ]lf gh~cf~ z}~vj}v~fz h`m gfufgz ie }lf v`kuf~zf skgg nfjoi` vz i`sh~m. Sf avz} h`mskgg ~f`fs iv~ zf`zf ie xvfz}' }lf sian }lh} zf~ufm vz zi sfgg skgg fuf`}vhgg{ zffa iuf~g{ jièk`k`c. Sfskgg n~fho iv} sk}l ghzf~ gkof eijvz' k`}i }lf lkclf~ gfufgz ie v`kuf~zf f|rf~kf`jf.

Hzjf`zki`Ke nki~hr}v~f kz }lf eijhg rik`} ie rgh`f}h~{ nkigic{' }lf` slh} f|kz}z nf{i`m }lf eijhg rik`}9 ]lkz kz }lf}~vf afh`k`c h`m a{z}f~{ ie }lf r{~hakm ei~ah}ki`. @i z{z}fa f|kz}z k` kzigh}ki`' nfjhvzf }lf v`kuf~zff|lknk}z zfge!zkakgh~' e~hj}hg r~irf~}kfz' ~fufhgk`c }lh} hgg z{z}faz h~f zvrri~}fm nfgis n{ r~fukivz gfufgzie i~ch`kth}ki`' h`m hniuf n{ ji`}k`vk`c gfufgz ie i~ch`kth}ki` . ]lf `f|} lkclf~ gfufgz zffaz i`g{ uk~}vhg}i vz ìs' nv} k` }lf evgg`fzz ie }kaf sf zlhgg oìs }lfa k`}kah}fg{. Sl{ kz }lkz zi9 Nfjhvzf ie }lf k`}fg!gkcf`jf mkeef~f`}khg nf}sff` v`kuf~zf mfzkc` k`}fggkcf`jf h`m k`}fggkcf`} fuiguk`c gkef ei~az' }lf v`kuf~zfavz} `fjfzzh~kg{ ji`zkz} ie h` hzjf`mk`c zf~kfz ie gfufgz ie ev~}lf~ ~fufgh}ki` slkjl jh` i`g{ nf hjjfzzfm i`jf }lf r~fukivz gfufgz lhuf nff` ahz}f~fm. Ke }lkz sf~f ì} zi' }lf fuiguk`c gkef ei~az sivgm nf iuf~!slfgafm sk}l }lf }hzo ie ahok`c zf`zf ie zvjl h` fì~aivz f|rf~kaf`} .

Dvz} hz iv~ jv~~f`} zjliigz lhuf ah`{ gfufgz ie gfh~`k`c }lh} sf r~ic~fzzkufg{ rhzz }livcl' sf jh` nfxvk}f zv~f }lh} }lf v`kuf~zf lhz ah`{ gfufgz ie f|rf~kf`jf nf{i`m }lf rgh`f}h~{ nkigickjhg f|rf~kf`jf.Uhz} f|rf~kf`}khg gfufgz h~f hshk}k`c vz h} }lf r~irf~ }kaf' h`m k` }lf r~irf~ zfxvf`jf. ]lf cf`f~hg r~i!

c~fzzki kz r~f!fz}hngkzlfm' nv} lis ehz} sf hjlkfuf }lfzf gfufgz ah{ nf }i ziaf f|}f`} sk}lk` iv~ is`ji`}~ig . Sk}l fhjl `fs gfufg ie f|rf~kf`jf' }lf mfc~ffz ie e~ffmia huhkghngf }i vz skgg k`j~fhzf k` r~iri~!}ki` }i iv~ k`j~fhzk`c k`}fggkcf`jf' h`m iv~ c~isk`c hsh~f`fzz ie iv~ ~fzri`zknkgk}{ k` }lf jij~fh}ki` ie }lf v`kuf~zf. Ai~f h`m ai~f sf zlhgg nfjiaf ì} dvz} zrfj}h}i~z h`m z}vmf`}z' sf zlhgg nf heei~mfm }lf

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >=


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cke} ie jij~fh}ki` ie }lf v`kuf~zf. Sk}l iv~ k`j~fhzk`c oìsgfmcf h`m risf~' sf zlhgg kar~fc`h}f }lfv`kuf~zhg l{rf~!ligic~ha sk}l }lf fzzf`jf ie iv~ f|rf~kf`jf h`m iv~ nfk`c. Slf` sf ek`hgg{ ~fhjl }lf}~vf iafch rik`} ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki`' sf skgg oìs sk}l jf~}hk`}{ }lh} }lkz kz iv~ v`kuf~zf .

Jf~}hk`g{ v`kuf~zfz jivgm nf j~fh}fm sk}liv} k`}fggkcf`} fuiguk`c gkef ei~az' nv} }lkò ie slh} sivgm nf

giz}. Mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf sivgm gizf }lf aiz} ahc`kekjf`} effmnhjo afjlh`kza fuf~ mfukzfm. Iv~ hsh~f`fzz kèi~az mfzkc` k`}fggkcf`jf ie }lf uhgvf h`m `h}v~f ie k}z mfzkc ' k` }lf r~ijfzz ie fuhgvh}k`ck}z j~fh}ki`. Ev~}lf~ai~f sk}liv} k`}fggkcf`} fuiguk`c gkef ei~az' }lf zfge!zkakgh~ h}v~f ie }lf v`kuf~zfsivgm nf }f~ak`h}fm ' h`m }lf avg}kuf~zf sivgm nfjiaf h ek`k}f r~ijfzz . Ke {iv lhuf nff` eiggisk`c }lf}~f`m ie iv~ }livcl}z lf~f' {iv avz} nf hsh~f }lh} sf h~f gfhmk`c vr }i h uf~{ r~ieiv`m l{ri}lfzkz. Ke v`kuf~zf mfzkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf lhz r~iukmfm ei~ vz' }lf` k} zffaz xvk}f ji`jfkuhngf }lf avg}kuf~zf kzzfge!zkakgh~.]lkz sivgm zffa }i karg{ }lh} sf' ziaf mh{ k` }lf eh~ mkz}h`} ev}v~f' zlhgg hgzi nfjiaf v`k!uf~zf mfzkc`f~z . Slh} nf}}f~ }~hk`k`c jh` {iv }lkò ie k` r~frh~h}ki` ei~ v`kuf~zf mfzkc`' }lh} }i c~is vr k`' h`m }i f|rf~kf`jf fuf~{ hzrfj} h`m fuf~{ gfufg ie v`kuf~zf fuigv}ki` . Sf h~f hz kari~}h`} }i mf!zkc` gfufg k`}fggkcf`jf hz k} kz }i vz' ei~ i`jf hchk` }lf r~k`jkrgfz ie z{z}fakj h`m z{anki}kj jiùf~cf`jf

~fufhg }lfazfgufz' fuf` h} }lfzf gfufgz ie f|kz}f`jf }lh} h~f hgaiz} k`ji`jfkuhngf }i vz ìs.

]lf ai}kuh}ki` ei~ fjiukgghcf kargfaf`}h}ki`Sf lirf iv~ n~kfe k`}~imvj}ki` lhz jiùk`jfm {iv ie }lf `ffm }i fz}hngkzl ZZRF@ i` iv~ liaf rgh`f}. K}kz vèi~}v`h}f }lh} sf hz }lf jk}ktf`z ie }lkz rgh`f} jh`ì} ~fg{ i` iv~ ciuf~àf`}z h`m avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~!

ri~h}ki`z }i k`k}kh}f h`m zvrri~} zvjl feei~}z. Vèi~}v`h}fg{ iv~ jv~~f`} ciuf~àf`}z h`m avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z lhuf ì gi`c!}f~a }fgfigickjhg indfj}kufz i}lf~ }lh` r~fzf~uk`c }lfk~ is` sfhg}l' h`m

risf~' h`m f|}f`mk`c }lfk~ hv}li~k}{ iuf~ }lf rgh`f} h`m }lf rfirgf sli k`lhnk} k} . ]lf{ ah`hcfm }i cf} }lkz risf~ nfjhvzf }lf k`lhnk}h`}z ie }lkz rgh`f} zv~~f`mf~fm k} }i }lfa . ]lf k`}f`} shz cf`vk`f' sf

nfgkfufm }lf{ sivgm zf~uf }lf rfirgf ie }lkz rgh`f} hz z}fsh~mz' cvh~mkh`z' h`m jh~f}hof~z ie iv~ }~vz}.Vèi~}v`h}fg{ }lkz lhz ì} nff` }lf jhzf. Iv~ }~vz} lhz nff` hnvzfm( ]lf ciuf~àf`}z ì gi`cf~ ~fr~fzf`}}lf cf`f~hg rirvgh}ki`' h`m }lf mfaij~hjkfz h`m ~frvngkjz ì gi`cf~ ev`j}ki` k` }lf ah``f~ ie }lfk~ i~kck!`hg k`}f`}. Fgfj}ki`z lhuf nfjiaf uf~{ f|rf`zkuf' h`m }lkz lhz hggisfm }lf risf~ z}~vj}v~f ie avg}k`h!}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z }i r~fzf`} vz sk}l r~f!zfgfj}fm jh`mkmh}fz' sli lhuf hg~fhm{ nff` jiar~iakzfm n{}lfk~ k`mfn}fm`fzz ! k` }lf ei~a ie jharhkc` ek`h`jk`c e~ia }lfzf uf~{ zhaf ziv~jfz. ]lf f`mgfzz ~fuigu!k`c mii~ ie ciuf~àf`} ieekjkhgz }lh} ji`}k`vhgg{ ~i}h}f k` h`m iv} ie ciuf~àf`} h`m }lf ji~ri~h}f r~k!uh}f zfj}i~' f`zv~fz h gi{hg}{ ì} }i }lf cf`f~hg rvngkj h} gh~cf~' nv} ~h}lf~ }i }lf ji~ri~h}f k`z}k}v}ki`z}lh} zvrri~} h`m ev`m }lfzf k`mkukmvhgz k` h`m iv} ie ieekjf . ]lfk~ gi{hg}kfz lhuf hg~fhm{ nff` rv~jlhzfm h`m hzzv~fm' h`m }lf huf~hcf jk}ktf` kz gfe} iv} k` }lf jigm' sk}l ì ~fhg ~fr~fzf`}h}ki`' fuf` he}f~ jhz}!

k`c }lfk~ ui}f . ]lf k`}f`mfm risf~ ie }lf ui}f k` mfaij~hjkfz h`m ~frvngkjz lhz nff` `fv}f~fm n{ }lf ji~! ri~h}f r~fzfgfj}ki` ie jh`mkmh}fz k` }lf ahdi~ rigk}kjhg rh~}kfz' h`m `fs rh~}kfz ehjf fì~aivz inz}hjgfz k`jiarf}k`c sk}l }lf fì~aivz ev`mk`c huhkghngf }i }lf f|kz}k`c ji~ri~h}f zri`zi~fm rh~}kfz. Hz k`mkukmv!hgz' sf jh` ì gi`cf~ jiarf}f sk}l }lf uhz} sfhg}l ie }lf avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z k` }lf ciuf~`h`jfh~f`h.



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f|rh`zki` kz rizzkngf' i~ }lf{ jh` nf f`jiv~hcfm h`m fmvjh}fm i` lis }i zf} vr `fs h`m f|rh`mk`cjiaav`k}kfz sk}l i}lf~z ie h gkof ak`m.

N{ r~iukmk`c hj}vhg i`cik`c f|hargfz }lh} zvjl h r~ijfzz jh` ì} i`g{ zvjjffm' nv} egiv~kzl' sf f`}kjfi}lf~ }i dik` }lf jhvzf.

Lirfevgg{' h} ziaf rik`} }lf jiank`fm feei~}z ie }lf `f}si~ok`c jiaav`k}kfz hgg iuf~ }lf si~gm~fhjlfz h j~k}kjhg ahzz' slf~f sf jh` vzf fjiìakj h`m rigk}kjhg r~fzzv~f }i ~fchk` ji`}~ig ie }lf rgh`f}h`m hzzv~f }lf zv~ukuhg ie iv~zfgufz h`m }lf rgh`f}h~{ fjiz{z}fa }lh} zvz}hk`z vz.

]lf~f kz jf~}hk`g{ ì zk`cgf z}hcf k` }lkz r~ijfzz }lh} kz }i}hgg{ kar~hj}kjhg. C~h`}fm' k} skgg ~fxvk~f ukzki`'j~fh}kuk}{' h`m h c~fh} mfhg ie rf~zfuf~h`jf.

Avjl ie slh} }lf huf~hcf jk}ktf` ie }lf fh~}l kz jv~~f`}g{ f`mv~k`c hgzi ~fxvk~fz c~fh} rf~zfuf~h`jf' nv} k} ah{ ì} ~fxvk~f avjl k` }lf sh{ ie }lfk~ is` ukzki` h`m j~fh}kuk}{' ai~f gkofg{ k} kz }lf zi jhggfm uk!

zki` h`m }lf zi jhggfm j~fh}kuk}{ ie i}lf~z k` }lf ei~a ie ji~ri~h}ki`z }lh} }lf{ h~f ~fxvk~fm }i hmlf~f }i

h`m hmuh`jf . ]lf j~fh}ki` ie {f} hì}lf~ jgi`fm v`h}}~hj}kuf zlirrk`c ahgg' zvccfz}z h ciim f|hargf ie zvjl h` far}{ j~fh}kuf f|rf~kf`jf.

]lf ~fhg xvfz}ki` kz slh} hg}f~`h}kuf kz }lf~f9 Ji~ri~h}ki`z h~f gi{hg i`g{ }i }lfazfgufz' }lfk~ risf~'h`m }lfk~ r~iek}z . ]lf{ skgg {hò h ehj}i~{ sk}l }lf z`hr ie h ek`cf~' h`m aiuf k} }i h`{ rh~} ie }lf si~gm}lh} skgg hggis }lfa }i k`j~fhzf }lfk~ r~iek}z. ]lf{ skgg ei~jf gijhg jiaav`k}kfz }i nkm ei~ `fs r~idfj}z n{zv~~f`mf~k`c gh`m' c~h`}k`c }lfa }h| k`jf`}kufz' h`m hc~ffk`c }i rh{ ei~ hgg }lf f|}f`mfm kè~hz}~vj}v~f`ffmfm }i k`}f~ehjf sk}l }lfk~ `fs ehjkgk}kfz sk}l }lf f|kz}k`c rvngkj kè~hz}~vj}v~f. Fuf~{ f|fjv}kuf ieekjf~ lhz h cigmf` rh~hjlv}f ji`}~hj} slf~f fuf` ke }lf{ rf~ei~a rii~g{' z}ijo ligmf~z skgg lhuf }i nv{ }lfaiv} sk}l hmmk}ki`hg ~fsh~mz }i cf} }lfa }i }f~ak`h}f }lfk~ ji`}~hj}z. Haf~kjh kz }lf si~z} ieef`mf~ k` }lkzjh}fci~{. ]lf huf~hcf jiarf`zh}ki` ei~ h JFI k` }lf ~fz} ie }lf si~gm kz hniv} >2 }kafz }lf huf~hcf fh~`!k`cz ie }lf jiarh`kfz fargi{ffz. K` Haf~kjh }lf JFI jiarf`zh}ki`z h~f i` }lf i~mf~ ie 622 }kafz }lfjiarf`zh}ki` ie }lf huf~hcf fargi{ff' h`m }lfk~ ji`}~hj}z h~f z}~vj}v~fm k` zvjl h ah``f~ }lh} }lf{ ~f!jfkuf }lfzf hnzv~m zhgh~kfz fuf` ke }lf{ ~v` }lf jiarh`{ k`}i nhò~vr}j{. JFIz h~f hngf }i hjlkfuf }lfzf

zhgh~kfz n{ z}hjok`c }lfk~ nih~mz sk}l afanf~z ie }lf igm ni{ `f}si~o ie efggis JFIz sli giio iv} ei~ fhjl i}lf~ ~h}lf~ }lh` }lfk~ zlh~f ligmf~z . ]lf ~fjf`} ji~ri~h}f zjh`mhg fuf`}z k` }lf V.Z.' kùigu!k`c gh~cf avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z' h~f dvz} }lf }kr ie }lf kjfnf~c ! ~fufhgk`c h z{z}fakj hai~hgk}{ sk}lk` }lf avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}f jiaav`k}{. ]lf hjjiv`}k`c h`m ji~ri~h}f slk}f jiggh~ j~kaf shuf shzzii` eiggisfm n{ }lf av}vhg ev`m zjh`mhg. Ji~ri~h}ki`z f|kz} }i aiuf ai`f{ }i }lf lkclfz} gfufgz ie ah`hcfaf`}' h`m }lf{ jh~f uf~{ gk}}gf ei~ }lfk~ fargi{ffz' }lfk~ rf`zki` ev`mz' }lfk~ zlh~fligmf~z' i~

}lf jk}ktf`z ie }lf jiv`}~kfz h`m }lf si~gm k` slkjl }lf{ f|kz} . ]lfzf k`z}k}v}ki`z h~f m~kuf` n{ h}lfkz}kjMh~sk`kh` zli~} }f~a r~iek} ai}kufz' h`m h~f fzzf`}khgg{ hai~hg' ke ì} j~kak`hg' k` }lfk~ feei~}z }i in}hk`}lfk~ indfj}kufz. Mi {iv }lkò }lfzf rfirgf h~f }lf~f }i zf~uf {iv~ k`}f~fz}z9 H`m slf` h`m ke nhò~vr}j{ijjv~z' }lf{ c~h`} }lfazfgufz lvcf ni`vzfz r~ki~ }i ekggk`c ei~ nhò~vr}j{. Slkgf sf h~f }igm n{ iv~ ji~!

ri~h}f is`fm `fsz afmkh }lh} z}~ff} gfufg j~kaf kz iv} ie ji`}~ig' k} kz ~fhgg{ ji~ri~h}f slk}f jiggh~ j~kaf}lh} kz iv} ie ji`}~ig' h`m sf lhuf hggisfm k} }i nfjiaf rf~efj}g{ gfchg . Ji~ri~h}f slk}f jiggh~ j~kafmsh~ez }lf ai`f{ ahmf n{ m~vc }~heekjof~z h`m }lf Ahekh n{ zi ah`{ i~mf~z ie ahc`k}vmf }lh} k} kz



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~kmkjvgivz' {f} sf ji`}k`vf }i hggis k} }i lhrrf` hz ke k} sf~f ziaflis }lf `h}v~hg i~mf~ ie }lk`cz . Sflhuf zkarg{ aiufm }lf ghs ie }lf dv`cgf k`}i }lf ek`h`jkhg ~fhga. ]i hggis }lkz }i ji`}k`vf kz h zv~f rh}l}i iv~ is` f|}k`j}ki`.

Sf avz} jliizf }i }hof nhjo }lf rgh`f}' k`}i }lf lh`mz ie hgg }lf rfirgf ì} n{ h~afm ~fuigv}ki`' ì} n{

}f~~i~kza' ì} n{ h`cf~' nv} n{ nfk`c zah~} ' h`m gfuf~hck`c h`m f|rh`mk`c }lf risf~ sf mi lhuf' h`m f|rh`mk`c }lf ukzki` ie zfge farisf~af`} h~iv`m }lf si~gm }l~ivcl }lf risf~ ie kèi~ah}ki` h`m `f}!si~ok`c . Ke sf lhuf }lf ukzki` sf hg~fhm{ lhuf }lf risf~' sf lhuf }lf afmkh }i zr~fhm }lf ukzki` ukh }lfk`}f~`f}. K} kz }kaf }i z}ir }lf ev~}lf~ farisf~af`} ie avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki z' h`m }i k`j~fhzf }lffarisf~af`} ie avg}k`h}ki`hg rfirgf . Sf mi i} skzl }i mfz}~i{ avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`' sf skzl }i

nf`m }lfk~ rv~rizf }i h lkclf~ rv~rizf' h`m }i cf} }lfa }i zff }lh} v`gfzz }lf{ hmir} }lkz lkclf~ hrr~ihjl}lf~f skgg nf ì} ev}v~f ei~ h`{ ie vz. Iv~ rv~rizf kz ì} }i mfz}~i{' nv} }i }~h`zei~a h`m hzzkakgh}f' i`jfhchk`' }lh} slkjl sf chuf hsh{ i~ hggisfm }i zgkr hsh{.

Sf chuf hsh{ iv~ risf~ }i }lfzf ji~ri~h}f f`}k}kfz' h`m sf jh` }hof k} nhjo. ]lf }kaf }i hj} kz gi`ciuf~mi. K} kz }kaf }i ~fak`m }lfzf ji~ri~h}ki`z slf~f }lfk~ risf~ i~kck`hgg{ jhaf e~ia. ]lf{ avz} nf ~f!ak`mfm }lh} }lf{ lhuf nff` c~h`}fm }lkz risf~ n{ }lf rfirgf' }i zf~uf }lf rfirgfz k`}f~fz}z' h`m ì} }lfk~ is`. Ke }lf{ ~fzkz} }lkz ~fuf~zf }~h`zei~ah}ki` nhjo }i k}z i~kck`hg k`}f`}' sf avz} jiggfj}kufg{ sk}lm~hs}lf rv~jlhzf ie }lfk~ r~imvj}z h`m zf~ukjfz. K` }lf f`m' }lf{ lhuf ì risf~ i}lf~ }lh` }lf risf~ sflhuf c~h`}fm }lfa i` h mhkg{ nhzkz. Ke sf zfgg }lfk~ z}ijo' h`m z}ir rv~jlhzk`c }lfk~ r~imvj}z h`m zf~u!kjfz ! }lf{ uhri~ktf . ]lf{ h`m sf avz} nf ~fak`mfm sli ligmz }lf }~vf ~hk`z ie risf~ . ]lf zhaf hrrgkfz}i ciuf~àf`}z' ke fuf~{ jk}ktf`z ie fuf~{ `h}ki` sk}llfgm }lfk~ }h|fz }lf ciuf~àf`} fargi{ffz sivgm

zii` dik` }lf liafgfzz. K} kz }kaf }lh} }lf{ sf~f ~fak`mfm ie }lkz ~fhgk}{ }lh} sf zffa }i lhuf ei~ci}}f` .Hgg }lh} kz ~fxvk~fm kz }lh} sf hgg ~fafanf~ h`m hj} i` }lkz hsh~f`fzz hz h jilfzkuf h`m jiùf~cf`} `f}!si~o slkjl zlh~fz h jiaai` }fgfigickjhg indfj}kuf. ]lf{ r~fzf~uf }lfk~ risf~ n{ mkukmk`c h`m zfrh~h}!

k`c' n{ h r~ijfzz ie h}iakth}ki`' slf~f fhjl k`mkukmvhg i~ ehakg{ v`k} effgz hgi`f k` }lf si~gm z}~vc! cgk`c ei~ zv~ukuhg . ]lkz ji~ri~h}ki` ek~fm af' skgg ziaf i}lf~ ji~ri~h}ki` rgfhzf ckuf af h din. ]lkzsi~oz uf~{ feefj}kufg{ hz gi`c hz sf hggis iv~zfgufz }i nf mkukmfm. ]lf jv~~f`} z}h}f ie }lf si~gm kz }fz}k!ai`{ }i }lkz ehj}.

Ji~ri~h}ki`z `f}si~o hgg }lf }kaf }i r~iai}f h`m zvz}hk` }lfk~ indfj}kufz' sf hz rfirgf avz} ìs mi }lfzhaf. Fuf` sk}l }lfk~ gh~cf `vanf~z ie fargi{ffz' }lf{ lhuf ì jlh`jf }i z}h`m hchk`z} h` f`}k~f v`k}fm

rgh`f}h~{ rirvgh}ki`. Sf fì~aivzg{ iv}`vanf~ }lfa. Ke sf cf} i~ch`ktfm' }lf{ skgg lhuf ì jlikjf nv}}i zf~uf vz' }lf rfirgf' ke }lf{ skzl }i zv~ukuf. ]lf z}h}kz}kjz h~f nhgh`jfm lfhukg{ k` iv~ ehui~. ]lf xvfz!}ki` kz skgg sf jliizf }i f|f~jkzf iv~ risf~9 Sf mi ì} afh` }i zvccfz} }lh} ji~ri~h}ki`z lhuf ì} r~i!ukmfm vz sk}l ah`{ vzfevg h`m nf`fekjkhg hmuh`jfz. ]lf{ lhuf' nv} }lf{ avz} nf ~fak`mfm }lh} sf }lf

rfirgf h~f }lf vg}kah}f nih~m ie mk~fj}i~z( Sf lhuf c~h`}fm }lfa }lf risf~ }lf{ ìs lhuf' h`m sf lhufei~ci}}f` }lkz. K} kz }kaf }lh} sf }hof nhjo }lkz risf~ h`m ~fak`m }lfa }lh} }lf{ lhuf ì hv}li~k}{ i}lf~ }lh` }lf hv}li~k}{ sf c~h`} }lfa. ]lkz hrrgkfz }i ciuf~àf`}z' fjiìakj h`m ek`h`jkhg z{z}faz' h`m ji~!

ri~h}ki`z. Dvz} zff lis gi`c nhòz ghz} ke {iv z}ir ni~~isk`c. Ke sf zhuf iv~ ai`f{ ek~z}' h`m }lf` ahof rv~jlhzfz nhòz h~f i` }lfk~ o`ffz. J~fmk} jh~m jiarh`kfz lhuf ì risf~ iuf~ {iv ke {iv ~fevzf }i jh~~{h nhgh`jf. ]lf }~vf risf~ kz k` iv~ lh`mz. ]lf{ i`g{ chk` risf~ slf` sf h~f eiigkzl fìvcl }i zv~~f`mf~ k}' ei~ }lf{ lhuf ì k`lf~f } risf~ i}lf~ }lh` }lf risf~ sf ckuf hsh{ . [fz {iv ah{ sh`} ziaf}lk`c ka!

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >


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afmkh}fg{' zi {iv ckuf hsh{ {iv~ risf~ k` i~mf~ }i lhuf k} kaafmkh}fg{' n{ ni~~isk`c }lf ai`f{ }i rv~!jlhzf k} e~ia h lkcl k`}f~fz} ~h}f j~fmk} jh~m gf`mf~. Z}ir h`m }lkò ie }lf zf`zf ie risf~ {iv jh` ~fchk` ke {iv zhuf {iv~ ai`f{ ek~z}' h`m }lf` rv~jlhzf }lf r~imvj}. @i k`}f~fz} ~h}fz' ì k`mfn}fm`fzz' ì ji`}~igiuf~ {iv~ gkef' {iv h~f k` }lf m~kuf~z zfh} ìs' ì} }lf ji~ri~h}ki` {iv sivgm lhuf nff` k`mfn}fm }i. Ji~!

ri~h}ki`z }l~kuf i` iv~ mfn}. ]lf{ sh`} {iv hz k`mfn}fm }i }lfa hz rizzkngf. E~ia nk~}l }i mfh}l }lf{

jiarf}f }i nf {iv~ r~kah~{ mfn} r~iukmf~( ]lkò ie }lf farisf~af`} {iv skgg chk` ke {iv n~fho }lkzj{jgf. [fz k} ~fxvk~fz ~f}v~`k`c }i ziaf igm uhgvfz' }lf uhgvfz }lh} sf~f k` f|kz}f`jf mv~k`c }lf c~fh}

nvkgmk`c h`m f|rh`zki` rf~kimz k` fh~g{ Haf~kjh. [iv fh~` {iv~ ai`f{ ek~z}' h`m }lf` ahof {iv~ rv~!jlhzfz' }lf~fn{ hmmk`c }i {iv~ fxvk}{ sk}liv} k`jv~~k`c fs mfn}. [iv~ rf~zi`hg h`m ehakg{ ei~}v`fhjlkfufz ~fhg c~is}l sk}l }lfzf r~k`jkrgfz' k` ji`}~hz} }i }lf kggvzki` ie is`f~zlkr slf` {iv nv{ h livzfsk}l 82& mis` h`m f`}f~ k`}i gi`c }f~a k`mfn}fm`fzz. K`z}fhm ie lhuk`c fxvk}{ fzjhrf k`}i }lf lh`mz ie i}lf~z {iv hjxvk~f k}' {iv }hof nhjo }lf risf~ {iv zv~~f`mf~fm }i nhòz h`m gf`mk`c k`z}k}v}ki`z.

Z}ir h`m }lkò ie lis c~fh} k} sivgm effg }i rv} iee }lh} rv~jlhzf h efs mh{z' sffoz' ai`}lz' i~ {fh~z h`m}lf` rv~jlhzf k} sk}l }lf oìsgfmcf }lh} {iv ìs lhuf }lf k}fa nv} {iv lhuf ~f}hk`fm }lf evgg ji`}~ig h`m

risf~ iuf~ {iv~ is` mfz}k`{. Ciuf~àf`}z' nhòz' h`m ji~ri~h}ki`z `ffm vz }i zv~~f`mf~ risf~ k` i~mf~ ei~ }lfa }i chk` k} . ]lkz kz }lf i`g{ sh{ }lf{ jh` in}hk` k}. Ei~ }lf{ lhuf ì k`lf~f`} risf~' i}lf~ }lh` }lf risf~ sf c~h`} }lfa. ]lkz zlivgm nf h ah`}~h {iv ~frfh} h`m ~fak`m {iv~zfge ie fuf~{ mh{' h`m i`f }lh} {iv k`z}kgg k`}i {iv~ jlkgm~f` iuf~ h`m iuf~ hchk` .

]hof nhjo {iv~ risf~' ei~ i`g{ {iv jh` ckuf k} hsh{(

Hg}livcl }lf jv~~f`} afmkh sivgm lhuf {iv }lkò }lh} sf f|kz} sk}lk` ji~ri~h}ki`z h`m ciuf~àf`}z'ì}lk`c jivgm nf ev~}lf~ e~ia }lf }~v}l. ]lf cf`f~hg rirvgh}ki` ie }lkz rgh`f} zi iv} `vanf~z hgg }lf mkj!}h}i~z' ~i{hg ehakgkfz' ciuf~àf`}z' h`m avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki z jiank`fm }lh} k} kz ì} fuf` h ji`}fz} ke sf jliizf }i ~fhzzf~} iv~ risf~ . Ke {iv h~f }k~fm ie effgk`c risf~gfzz h`m ji`}k`vhgg{ k` h z}h}f slf~f{iv mi ì} effg }lh} {iv h~f k` ji`}~ig ie {iv~ is` gkef' }hof nhjo }lf ji`}~ig {iv chuf hsh{. ]hgo }i i}l!f~z hniv} mik`c }lf zhaf' h`m k` ì }kaf h} hgg' {iv skgg lhuf h ei~fz} ek~f ie e~ffmia i` {iv~ lh`mz.

]lf evfg jhrhjk}{ ie }lkz ei~fz} ek~f ie zijkhg jlh`cf kz fì~aivz h`m k} ji`zkz}z ie zfuf` nkggki` lvah`k`}fggkcf`jf evfg ziv~jfz. I`jf kc`k}fm }l~ivcl hsh~f`fzz h`m `f}si~ok`c k} jivgm zsffr h~iv`m }lf fh~}lk` ì }kaf h} hgg. @i}lk`c jivgm z}ir k}. K} nfck`z k` }lf ak`m' zr~fhmz }l~ivcl }lf afmkh' h`m kz kargf!af`}fm n{ gijhg c~ivrz' e~ia }lf c~iv`m vr . K} zfge!i~ch`ktfz k`}i }lf aiz} fì~aivz zijkhg aiufaf`}fuf~ kahck`fm i` }lkz rgh`f}' h`m ì} h zk`cgf gkef `ffm nf giz} k` }lf r~ijfzz . ]lf rfirgf h~f }lf

risf~ i` }lkz rgh`f}' ijjhzki`hgg{ }lf{ ei~cf} }lkz' h`m k` }lfk~ mfgvzki` }lf{ hj}vhgg{ nfgkfuf }lf{ avz}hzo }lizf k` zi jhggfm risf~ ,ciuf~àf`}z h`m ji~ri~h}ki`z+ }i c~h`} }lfk~ skzlfz. Nv} dvz} gkof h nhm

lh`ciuf~' }lf{ fuf`}vhgg{ ~f}v~` }i }lf ~fhgk}{ h`m ~fhgktf }lf{ h~f k` ji`}~ig. ]lf Haf~kjh` ~fuigv}kishz dvz} zvjl h` fuf`}. Vèi~}v`h}fg{ }lkz ~fuigv}ki` kùigufm ukigf`jf. K} nfjhaf h nh}}gf ie h~az.

Zk`jf }lf lh`mk`c iuf~ ie risf~ }i ji~ri~h}ki`z kz ì} h ji~f }irkj ie iv~ mkzjvzzki` lf~f' ei~ }lizf sliskzl }i rv~zvf }lkz }irkj ai~f mffrg{ sf lkclg{ ~fjiaaf`m }lf niio }k}gfm Slf` Ji~ri~h}ki`z ^vgf }lfSi~gm n{ Mhukm J. Oi~}f` _5Q.

Z{z}fakj Z{anki}kj Rgh`f}h~{ Fjiuk ( hcf @f}si~o >;


30/44

]lf uk}hg kari~}h`jf ie `f}si~ok`cK` }lf kèi~ah}ki` hcf' nh}}gfz h~f eivcl} k` }lf h~f`h ie rvngkj irk`ki`' h`m zrk` kz }lf jgfh`fm vr uf~!zki` ie mkzkèi~ah}ki` h`m kèi~ah}ki` ah`krvgh}ki`. Avg}k`h}ki`hg ji~ri~h}ki`z ah{ ji`}~ig }lf }~hmk!}ki`hg afmkh ie }fgfukzki`' ~hmki' h`m r~k`}. Nv} }lf{ mi ì} {f} ji`}~ig }lf k`}f~`f} h`m j{nf~zrhjf' h`m mi

ì} eiig {iv~zfgufz k`}i }lkòk`c }lh} }lf ~fjf`} jigghrzf ie }lf k`}f~`f} f|rgizki`' }lf zi jhggfm k`}f~`f} nvnngf' ah{ ì} lhuf nff` h` hjjkmf`}. ]lf ri}f`}khg risf~ ie }lkz uhz} mkz}~knv}fm `f}si~o }i ~f!farisf~ }lf rfirgf shz ì} giz} i` }lizf kz risf~' i`jf }lf{ hshof`fm e~ia }lfk~ zgvanf~. ]lf igm fz!}hngkzlfm ai`f{ shz gfe} k` }lf mvz} n{ h nv`jl ie uf~{ zah~} h`m hgzi `hkuf {iv`c f`}~fr~f`fv~z. Sk}lk`

dvz} h efs {fh~z {iv zhs z}i~kfz ie ji`jf~` hniv} slf}lf~ k} sivgm nf rizzkngf ei~ h`{ n~kjo h`m ai~}h~ nvzk`fzz }i zv~ukuf }lf i`zghvcl} ie }lf `fs i`!gk`f fjiìa{. Mkm }lf nvnngf kargimf mvf }i kar~hj}k!jhg nvzk`fzz aimfgz' i~ shz k} j~vzlfm n{ }lf igm ai`f{ jh~}fgz sli lhm nff` gfe} nflk`m k` }lf mvz} sk}lì}lk`c ai~f }i mi }lh` sh}jl }lf mhttgk`c zrffm sk}l slkjl }lf `fs fjiìa{ f|rgimfm k`}i }lfk~ }v~e 9

Ziaf}lk`c gkof zfuf` }~kggki` miggh~z shz ~faiufm e~ia }lf li}}fz} fjiìa{ k` }lf si~gm ukh }lf @hzmhxzi jhggfm kargizki`. ]lf Haf~kjh` fjiìa{ slf~f }lf ~fuigv}ki` nfch`' shz }lf fù{ ie }lf si~gm k`}lf gh}f 8;;2z. @is ,>22>+ k} kz k` ~fjfzzki` h`m rvggk`c mis` }lf fjiìakfz h~iv`m }lf si~gm sk}l k}.I`g{ h efs {fh~z hci }lf i`g{ xvfz}ki` shz slf}lf~ }lf i}lf~ fjiìakfz ie }lf si~gm sivgm nf hngf }ih}}hjl }lfk~ jhniizfz }i }lkz c~fh} f`ck`f' h`m ~kmf }lf shuf. Gkcl} ir}kjhg eknf~ shz zrh``k`c }lf ji`}k!`f`}z h`m }lf ijfh`z h} h efuf~kzl rhjf' n~ihmnh`m shz giiak`c i` }lf `fh~ li~kti`' h`m eknf~ }i fuf~{ìmf i` }lf rgh`f} shz }lf vg}kah}f indfj}kuf' fuf` mis` }i }lf gfufg ie }lf huf~hcf jk}ktf`. Z}~h`cfg{i`jf

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