Ssf 3044 Sociology of Development

8/10/2019 Ssf 3044 Sociology of Development

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SSF 3044 SOCIOLOGY OFDEVELOPMENT

EUROPEAN UNION AND HOW DO THEY COORPEMATTER OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT


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NAME MATRIC NO

DALILA BT MOHAMAD 29963

KHAIRUL AMRI B HARON 30616

MOHAMMAD ZULHILMIL B DERAHMAN 31135

FATIN MIZATUL AKMAL BINTI AHMAD 36043

NOR AMIRAH BINTI MUSTHAPA 31726

NUREDA BT RAMLI 32296


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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNIO

1945-1959 A PEACEFUL EUROPEThe beginnings ofcoorperationThe European Union is set up with the aim of ending t

frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminthe Second World War. As of 1950, the European Coal and SCommunity begins to unite European countries economicallypolitically in order to secure lasting peace. The six founders aBelgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the NetheThe 1950s are dominated by a cold war between east and wProtests in Hungary against the Communist regime are put dSoviet tanks in 1956; while the following year, 1957, the Sovtakes the lead in the space race, when it launches the first mspace satellite, Sputnik 1. Also in 1957, the Treaty of Rome cthe European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Ma


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1960-1969 THE SWINGING SIXTIES A period of ecgrowth

The 1960s sees the emergence of 'youth culwith groups such as The Beatles attracting huge c

of teenage fans wherever they appear, helping tostimulate a cultural revolution and widening thegeneration gap. It is a good period for the economhelped by the fact that EU countries stop chargincustom duties when they trade with each other. Talso agree joint control over food production, so teverybody now has enough to eat - and soon theeven surplus agricultural produce. May 1968 becofamous for student riots in Paris, and many changsociety and behaviour become associated with thcalled 68 generation.


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1970-1979 A GROWING COMMUNITY - The first enla

Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom jEuropean Union on 1 January 1973, raising the nof member states to nine. The short, yet brutal, A

Israeli war of October 1973 result in an energy creconomic problems in Europe. The last right-wingdictatorships in Europe come to an end with theoverthrow of the Salazar regime in Portugal in 19the death of General Franco of Spain in 1975. Thregional policy starts to transfer huge sums to crejobs and infrastructure in poorer areas. The EuroParliament increases its influence in EU affairs an1979 all citizens can, for the first time, elect theirmembers directly.


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1990-1999 A EUROPE WITHOUT FRONTIERS

With the collapse of communism across central eastern Europe, Europeans become closer neighbou1993 the Single Market is completed with the the 'fofreedoms' of: movement of goods, services, people

money. The 1990s is also the decade of two treatiesMaastricht Treaty on European Union in 1993 and Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999. People are concernedhow to protect the environment and also how Europcan act together when it comes to security and defematters. In 1995 the EU gains three more new memAustria, Finland and Sweden. A small village in Luxegives its name to the Schengen agreements that g

allow people to travel without having their passportchecked at the borders. Millions of young people stuother countries with EU support. Communication is easier as more and more people start using mobile and the internet.


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2000-2009 FUTHER EXPANSION

The euro is the new currency for many Euro11 September 2001 becomes synonymous with 'War on Terror' after hijacked airliners are flown

buildings in New York and Washington. EU counbegin to work much more closely together to figcrime. The political divisions between east and wEurope are finally declared healed when no fewe10 new countries join the EU in 2004, followed bmore in 2007. A financial crisis hits the global ec

in September 2008, leading to closer economiccooperation between EU countries. The Treaty ois ratified by all EU countries before entering inton 1 December 2009. It provides the EU with minstitutions and more efficient working methods


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2010-2014 A DECADE OF OPPORTUNITIES ANDCHALLENGES

The new decade starts with a severe econom

crisis, but also with the hope that investments in green and climate-friendly technologies and closeEuropean cooperation will bring lasting growth anwelfare.


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EU MEMBERS COUNTRIES( 1 July 2013 )

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherland

Poland

Portugal

Romania Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom


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EUROPEAN UNION COORPERATEMATTER OF TRADE AND DEVELOPM

Trade is an engine for global growth. It contributes to long-tin the EU and around the world. It has a real impact on the day lives of people and businesses in Europe, and offers adevelopment to those in most need, wherever they live.

Public opinion recognises the value of trade and open markets to lower prices and greater consumer choice. While people feel Eur

placed today, they worry about whether Europe can compete tom

alongside the fastest growing economies. The European Union is the biggest global player in internat

trade and investment. The challenge in a changing world ismaintain and improve our position and to trade the way outcurrent economic crisis.


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Thirty-six million jobs in Europe depend today, directly indirectly, on trade. They need to put trade policy to wo

jobs. With the right policies in place they can fuel growtEurope. By completing the trade deals on the table andengaging more closely with their strategic partners, tracan increase the size of our economy by around150

This would make a major contribution to the Unions wiagenda for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.

They deliver the multilateral and bilateral trade deals a

underway or on the starting block. They have to find neof working with other key trading partners where many challenges are all about regulation and rules rather thatraditional tariffs. They also need to ensure that everyoby the rules


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Labour effects

It is generally agreed that the EUs integration in theconomy through increased trade generates more and bpaid jobs. More than 36 million jobs in Europe depend, d

indirectly, on our ability to trade with the rest of the worldthan 4.6 million people in the EU work for Japan and USowned companies alone.

Source: European Commissio

estimates.


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How the Eu works

The EU is a unique economic and political partnership betwEuropean countries that together cover much of the contine

The EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea becountries who trade with one another become economicallyinterdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict. The res

the European Economic Community (EEC), created in 195initially increasing economic cooperation between six counBelgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the NethSince then, a huge single market has been created and codevelop towards its full potential.


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From economic to political unio

What began as a purely economic union has evolved inorganisation spanning policy areas, from development environment. A name change from the EEC to the EuroUnion (EU) in 1993 reflected this.

The EU is based on the rule of law: everything that it dofounded on treaties, voluntarily and democratically agremember countries. These binding agreements set out tgoals in its many areas of activity.


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Mobility, growth, stability and a scurrency

The EU has delivered half a century of peace, stability andprosperity, helped raise living standards, and launched a siEuropean currency, the euro.

Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU counpeople can travel freely throughout most of the continent. Abecome much easier to live and workabroad in Europe.

The single or 'internal' marketis the EU's main economic eenabling most goods, services, money and people to move

Another key objective is to develop this huge resource to eEuropeans can draw the maximum benefit from it.
http://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/index_en.htm


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Human right and Equality

One of the EUs main goals is to promote human rightsinternally and around the world. Human dignity, freedomdemocracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for humrights: these are the core values of the EU. Since the 2signing of the Treaty of Lisbon , the EU's Charter ofFundamental Rightsbrings all these rights together in a

document. The EU's institutions are legally bound to upthem, as are EU governments whenever they apply EU
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/human_rights/fundamental_rights_within_european_union/l33501_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/human_rights/fundamental_rights_within_european_union/l33501_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/human_rights/fundamental_rights_within_european_union/l33501_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/human_rights/fundamental_rights_within_european_union/l33501_en.htm


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Transparents and Democratic Instit

As it continues to grow, the EU remains focused on magoverning institutions more transparent and democraticpowers are being given to the directly elected EuropeaParliament, while national parliaments are being given role, working alongside the European institutions. In tuEuropean citizens have an ever-increasing number of

for taking part in the political process


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Investing in our common future

In 2013, EU development aidaid from EU funds andcountries' national budgets combined - totalled56.2 billion. amounts to 0.43 % of EU gross national income (GNI). EU chave committed themselves to reaching the target of 0.7% o2015

Eradicating poverty in the new millennium

EU development policy aims above all to eradicate povusing a sustainable approach. Key to this are the UN's 8 MillDevelopment Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2000 with a 2015 deThey range from halving extreme poverty and halting the sprHIV/AIDS to providing universal primary education.


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Example

Bolivia

Better hygiene and basic health through improved infra

This EU project was set up to improve the water supply tBolivian cities of Potos and Tarija and upgrade sanitatioresulted in 39 water supply systems and 11 sewerage sy

including 8 waste water treatment plants.Water meters have been installed in 60,000 homes, whilanother 31,000 are now connected to sewerage systemof 76,000 people have benefited directly from better accdrinking water and sanitation.


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Trade

A global systems

World trade is founded on rules laid out by the WoOrganisation that help ensure that trade agreements andobligations between countries are open and fair.

EU trade policy is made exclusively at EU level. Th

Commission negotiates agreements on behalf of the EUWTO rules and works closely with national governmentsEuropean Parliament to maintain the global system and to adapt to worldwide changes.


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Trading as a world leader

The EU is the world's biggest exporterof manufgoods and services, and it is the biggest import market f

100 countries.It is also the world's largest single market area. Bo

European and international consumers and investors enmany benefits of a simplified systemin an area whergoods, services and money can move freely.

B ildi f i d l i fi ld


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Building a fair and open playing field

The EU negotiates agreements through its world-wideof trade relations. It engages with a huge range of partners, through free trade agreements.

These partnerships seek to create growth and jobs for

Europeans by opening new markets with the rest of the worldTransatlantic markets, for example, represent transactions waround 2 billion euros every day.

EU trade policy also aims to reduce child and forced laenvironmental destruction and price volatility. Schemes whictransparency and traceability in supply chains are one exam

For the world's poorest countries, EU trade policy look

combine trade and development. Allowing lower duties, suppsmall export businesses, and advising on improvements togovernance are just some of the ways trade and developmenwork hand in hand to ensure the neediest benefit from trade-growth.

Ssf 3044 Sociology of Development

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