EARLY BIRDS and NIGHT OWLSUNIT 4Reduced time clausesClauses stating reason and conditions

Vocabulary

CONCEPTDEFINITIONA morning persona) Is someone who feels best at night and goes to bed very late.A morning larkb) Is someone who wakes up easily during the night.A late riserc) Is someone who prefers to sleep in and not get up early.A power napperd) Is someone who gets up early and feels his or her best in the morning.A night owle) Is someone who works better during early morningsA light sleeperf) Is someone who feels better after taking a very short nap in the afternoon.

Reduced Time ClausesSome adverb clauses can be changed to modify phrases, but ONLY when the subject of the adverb clause and the main clause are the same.

Ex: While I was working in a project, I suddenly fell asleep.While working in a project, I suddenly fell asleep. While I was working in a project, You arrived home.

Notes When the verb is a BE form, omit it and the subject too.**While I was walking in the park, I saw a classmate.**While walking in the park, I saw a classmate.

If there is no BE form, omit the subject and change the verb into a gerund.**After I finished the book, I returned it to the library.**After finishing the book, I returned it to the library.

Examples These clauses can be reducedAfter I finish/ After finishing my workout, I go to the office.While I take/ While taking my lunch break at work, I often sneak a 5 min nap.I`m not very approachable right after I wake up/ right after waking up.

Examples These clauses cannot be reducedEver since I was a kid, Ive had trouble getting up early.As soon as I get up in the morning, I race off to the gym.Until Ive had my coffee, Im such a grouch.Whenever you have to work with numbers, plan to do it around noon.I`ve been a night person from the moment I started college.

Which of these time clauses can be reduced?

1) Ever since I can remember, I`ve been a night owl.2) My mother races off to work right after I leave for school.3) Before he starts his day, my father has coffee and reads the paper.4) As soon as I get up in the morning, I drink a large glass of water.5) I always listen to my MP3 player while I run.6) I usually perk up for the afternoon after I eat lunch.7) Whenever I drink coffee after 3:00, I have trouble falling asleep.8) I always have breakfast at a local caf before I start classes for the day.

Rewrite the sentences using reduced time clauses

1) I usually read the newspaper while I have breakfast.

2) My sister wont drink orange juice after she brushes her teeth.

3) She does a lot of housework before she leaves for work in the morning.

4) Power nappers work better after they sleep for a short time during the day.

5) I think is not a good idea to eat anything heavy before I exercise.

6) If I listen to soft music while I study, I can concentrate better.

7) After Ive been in an argument, I need to be by myself for an hour.

8) Before I chill out at night, I make sure everything is ready for the morning.

Energy and sleep

Phrasal verbDefinition 1) Do you ever burn out from too much work?a) Become calm2) How do you calm down after an argument?b) Find more energy3) How do you chill out after a rough day?c) Go to bed4) Do you drop off quickly after you go to bed?d) Lose all your energy5) How do you perk up when you feel sleepy?e) Fall asleep6) Do you race off as soon as class is over?f) Take it easy7) How often do you sleep over at a friends?g) Stay for the night8) What time do you turn in on the weekend?h) Go quickly

Expressions related to sleepbe fast asleep - be wide awake - feel drowsy - nod off - take a power nap - be sound asleep - drift off -have a sleepless night - sleep like a log - toss and turn

Having trouble sleepingFalling asleepSleeping a short timeSleeping deeply

Clauses stating reasons and conditionsEven If introduces a condition that doesnt influence the main clause.

Consider that introduces causes and reasons that explain the main clause.

As long as introduces a condition on which the main clause depends.I sometimes lie awake at night, even if Im really tired.Im lucky I can get by on 6 hours of sleep, consider that most people need 8.I can manage on 5 hours of sleep, as long as I take a nap during the day.

Unless introduces something that must happen in order to avoid a consequence.

(Just) in case introduces an undesirable circumstance that needs to be taken into account.

Only... If introduces a condition that must be met for the main clause to be true.Unless I get a good nights sleep, I can easily fall asleep at school.I always set 2 alarm clocks (just) in case one of them doesnt go off.I only wake up early if I have somewhere to be in the morning.

Match the clause to make sentences

1) Drivers can fall asleep on the highway___a) If Im having trouble sleeping.2) Power naps at work are a good idea,___b) even if its a beautiful morning.3) Some people just cant get to sleep___c) unless they rest before long trips.4) I was surprisingly alert at work,___d) as long as you have the bosss OK5) Night owls hate to wake up early, ___e) considering that I didnt sleep at all last night.6) I only drink hot milk before bed___f) unless they take a bath before bed

Circle the correct answer

1) He wont be late for work as long as / unless the bus is on time.2) Considering that / Just in case I took a nap, I shouldnt feel this drowsy.3) I`ll wake up on time tomorrow only if / unless I set my alarm clock.4) He jogs after work now that / unless he`s too tired at the end of the day.5) Im afraid to nap at lunch even if / just in case I start snoring at my desk. 6) Even if / as long as Im totally exhausted, I cant sleep on airplanes.