SQL Training SQL Statements – Part 1. Confidential & Proprietary Copyright © 2009 Cardinal...

SQL Training

SQL Statements – Part 1

•Confidential & ProprietaryCopyright © 2009 Cardinal Directions, Inc.

Lesson Objectives

• Explain the role of SQL

• Write basic SQL Select statements with compound where clauses

At the end of this section you will be able to:


Lesson Plan

What is SQL

Select Statement

Where Clause

In, Like, Between

Workshop

Structured Query Language


Structured Query Language

SQL is the language most commonly used to create and process datain relational databases.

SQL can be used with Access, DB2, MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server,Sybase, or any other relational database.

Data Control

(DCL)

• Grant• Revoke

User Privileges

Data Definition

(DDL)

• Create• Alter• Drop

Tables, Views,

Constraints

Data Manipulation (DML)

• Select• Insert• Update• Delete

Retrieve and

Manipulate Data


Select Syntax

SELECT field, field, field

FROM table, table, view

WHERE condition

and condition

or condition

GROUP BY field, field, field

HAVING …

ORDER BY field asc

SELECT customerName, billingCity, count(incidentID)

FROM Customer, Incident

WHERE customerID = reportedByCustomerID and billingCity = 'New York'

GROUP BY customername, billingCity

HAVING count(incidentID) > 50

ORDER BY customerName desc


Select – All Rows

Problem: Get a list of all the records and fields in the Fuelsource table.

SELECT * FROM Fuelsource;


Select – Specifying Columns

Problem: Get a list of all the products that use propane (fuelsourceid = 3).

select productcode, productdescription, productpricefrom product where fuelsourceid = 3

21 Rows


Select - DistinctProblem: What are the voltages of the products sold?

SELECT DISTINCT voltage FROM Product


Select - Concatenation of FieldsThe Concatenation Function can be used to combine multiple fields into a single field.

SELECT vendornamename, vendorfirstname || ' ' || vendorlastname as NameFROM vendor ORDER BY vendorname;


Adding Where Clauses


Select - Where ConditionThe WHERE clause restricts the rows selected to those for which the condition is TRUE.

If you omit this clause, Oracle returns all rows from the tables, views, or snapshots in the FROM clause.

Examples:

WHERE subscribedProductID > 5

WHERE city = 'New York'

WHERE hourlyrate BETWEEN 60 and 80

WHERE subscribedProductName LIKE '%Shopper%'

WHERE checkout IS NOT NULL

WHERE customerID IN (2, 3, 6)


Select – Where Predicate

Problem: List of all vendors in California.

SELECT vendorname FROM Vendor

WHERE provinceabbreviation = ‘CA';


Select – Compound WhereProblem: List of all the products that use Natural Gas, have a power rating of 7000 or 5000 and a frequency of 50.


Select - Null Predicate

SELECT RequiredProductName, startEffectiveDate, endEffectiveDate

FROM RequiredProduct

WHERE endEffectiveDate IS NULL

ORDER BY RequiredProductName;

Problem: List all the RequiredProduct rows that do not have a endEffectiveDate.

161 Rows

SELECT RequiredProductName, startEffectiveDate, endEffectiveDate


WHERE endEffectiveDate IS NOT NULL

ORDER BY RequiredProductName;

0 Rows


Select – Between PredicateProblem: List products where the product price is between $ 7063 and $ 7300.


Select – Between Predicate – Using Dates

SELECT RequiredProductID, RequiredProductName,startEffectiveDate


WHERE startEffectiveDate

BETWEEN to_date('03/04/2004','MM/DD/YYYY') and

to_date('06/01/2004', 'MM/DD/YYYY')

ORDER BY startEffectiveDate;

SUBSCRIBEDPRODUCTID SUBSCRIBEDPRODUCTNAME STARTEFFECTIVEDATE42 Secret Shopper 4-Mar-0417 Market Decision Maker 10-Apr-04

140 Magazines 10-Apr-04110 Corporate| Order Track 2-May-0450 Television 15-May-04

118 Marketing Mix Management 22-May-04 6 Rows


Select – Like PredicateProblem: Select all rows in the Fuelsource table that have a description containing the word ‘Gas’.


Select – Like PredicateCaution: Like Predicate is Case Sensitive.

1 Row

SELECT RequiredProductID, RequiredProductNameFROM RequiredProductWHERE LOWER (RequiredProductName) Like '%web%';

SUBSCRIBEDPRODUCTID SUBSCRIBEDPRODUCTNAME

125 National Fast Affiliates - WEB file

LOWER Syntax LOWER(char) Returns char, with all letters lowercase.

UPPER Syntax UPPER(char) Returns char, with all letters uppercase.

Note: This function doesn’t work on some languages (Chinese). Not all SQL version support this function. The classroom server supports this function.


Select – In PredicateProblem: List all Vendors in CT, PA, FL;


Workshop


Individual SQL Workshop 1

1. Using Oracle SQL Developer you will create the SQL statements required to produce the requested output.

2. You will begin by logging onto the training Database.

3. You have been provided with a list of frequent error messages. This is not a complete list and the resolution may not always one of the options listed as there are numerous causes for many of the errors. But these are the most frequent and will be helpful.


Common Error Messages

ORA-00918: column ambiguously defined

If a column appears in multiple tables, you must qualify the fieldname with the table name.

ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended Look for missing single quotes around strings OR missing ‘and’ between Where clause statements ORMissing keywords such as Where, From, Group By, Order By

ORA-00904: “String Expression": invalid identifier Make sure you are using single quotes and not double quotes.

ORA-00904: “CUSTOMER"."CUSTOMERID": invalid identifierMake sure the table you are referencing is in the From clause ORMake sure the field you are referencing is in one of the tables in your From clause OR make sure you have spelled the table and/or field name correctly.


• Write the SQL to answer the business question.

• Only include the columns shown in the picture.

• Your answer should match the data shown.

• In some cases, only the first and last rows will be shown due to the size constraints of the page.

• Note: Oracle does not always print the entire column name – look at the Database Design for column names.

Workshop


List all products in the Countries in the country table.

Problem 1 – Simple Select


Show all components with restockdaycount = 20.

35 Rows

Problem 2 – Simple Select with Where


List all components with a weight between 18 and 30 ordered by the weight.

153 Rows

Problem 3 – Select with Between


From the Vendor table, list all vendors and their userid when the vendor is in California or the userid is between 60 and 65.

Problem 4 – Select with Compound Where


From the vendor table, list the information for provinceid = 5 (California) or = 32 (New York) or = 49 (Wisconsin) or = 35 (Ohio) .

Problem 5 – Select using the IN Predicate


List all the vendors that do not have a fax.

Problem 6 – Select using NULL Predicate


From the Vendor table, list all the cities where there are vendors. Only list each city once.

30 Rows

Problem 7 – Select using Distinct


List all products with ‘9000’ or ‘7000’ in their name and the product name also has ‘110v’ as part of it.

Problem 8 – Select using LIKE Predicate

SQL Training SQL Statements – Part 1. Confidential & Proprietary Copyright © 2009 Cardinal...

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