SQL Server 2000 Performance

8/11/2019 SQL Server 2000 Performance

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Microsoft® SQL Server TM 2000 Performance

Microsoft Corporation



What We Will Cover

Locking

Query Processor

Query Tuning

System Configuration

Performance Monitoring



Session Prerequisites

This session assumes that youunderstand the fundamentals of

Windows ® 2000 Server

SQL Server 2000 System Monitor

Level 200



Agenda

Locking

Query Processor

Query Tuning





Lock ManagerWhat it does for you

Acquires and Releases Locks

Maintains compatibility BetweenLock Modes

Resolves Deadlocks

Escalates Locks

Uses 2 Locking Systems

Shared Data Locks

Internal latches for Internal data andindex concurrency



LockingLocking Granularity for user data

Table

Page Page Page

Row Row Row



Lock Isolation Levels

Supports all 4 ANSI and ISOisolation levels

Serializable

Repeatable Read Read Committed - default

Read Uncommitted



LockingUser data lock types – Shared

Acquired automatically when data isread

Applies to Table, Page, Index Key or row.

Many processes can hold a shared lockon the same data.

Cannot be locked exclusively while inshared lock mode*

*Unless it is the same process that holds the shared lock



LockingUser data lock types – Exclusive

Automatically acquired when data ismodified

Only one process can hold at a time on

any data. Held until the end of a Transaction

All other lock requests by other

processes will be refused. Can use Query hints to decide to read

locked data.



LockingUser data lock types – Update

Hybrid of shared and exclusive

Acquired when a search is requiredbefore any data modification

Allow others to still read while lockapplied

Needs an exclusive lock to modify data

Data can have many shared but only oneupdate



LockingUser data lock types – Intent

Not a real lock mode just a qualifiere.g.

Intent Update lock

Used by SQL as resource lockindicator



LockingUser data lock types – Special

3 special modes

Schema Stabi l i ty – used when queries aremodified, prevents scheme modification

locks. Scheme Modi f icat ion – used when table

struc tures are being m odif ied

Bu lk update – used when the BULK INSERT

or BCP command are used.



LockingViewing lock information

Use sp_lock stored procedure

Use sp_lock2 stored procedure

Shows current and waiting locks

Spid Dbid Objid IndId Type Resource Mode Status

54 pubs 19723 2 TAB IS GRANT

58 pubs 19755 1 PAG 1:88 IX GRANT

52 Pubs 0 0 DB S GRANT



LockingViewing lock information - Type

Abbr Resource Internal

Code

Description / Example

DB Database 2

TAB Table 5 Table id 261775902EXT Extent 8 File/ page number 1:96

PAG Page 6 File/ page number 1:104

KEY Key 7 Hashed value ac0001a10a00

AC Row 9 File/page/slot number 1:151:4APP Application 10 Hash of the app name MYpr8dea



LockingViewing lock information - Mode

Abbreviation Mode Internal code

S Shared 4

X Exclusive 6

U Update 5IS Intent shared 7

IU Intent update 8

IX Intent exclusive 9

SIX Shared with intent exclusive 11

Sch-S Schema stability 2

Sch-M Schema modification 3

BU Bulk update 13



Lock Block

Lock resource block

Grant WaitConvert

Lock Block

Lock resource block

Grant WaitConvert

Lock

Owner

Block

Lock

Owner

Block

Lock

Owner

Block

Locking ArchitectureLock hash table

All owner blocks

From same transaction

Linked together



LockingRow Versus Page Level

Lock Overhead

Each lock – 32 bytes

Each Process holding lock – 32 bytes Each Process waiting for lock – 32

bytes

Page Level – 8k

Row Level – dependent on Row size

Which to use depends onapplication



Demonstration 1

Viewing SQL Server Locks



Agenda

Locking Query Processor

Query Tuning





Query ProcessorStatement Compilation Process

Parse the statement

Create a sequence tree

Normalise the tree

SQL DMLStatement?

Compile the TSQLStatement procedurally

Compile the TSQLStatement procedurally

Create Query Graph

Optimize and create Plan

Yes

No



Query Processoroptimizing a statement

Trivial plan optimizer

Simplification

Statistics loading

Cost-based optimizer

Phases 1 to n-1

Full optimization for

Serial execution

Output plan

Full optimization for

parallel execution

Found a cheap

Plan?

1

1

Found

Plan?

Cheapest cost

Is > than parallelism

Threshold?

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes



Query ProcessorHow the Optimizer Works

Query Analysis Index Selection

Join Selection

Nested iteration

Hashing

Merging



Query ProcessorCaching – costing a query plan

Allocate memory

From buffer cache

Set initial cost to

Creation cost

Ad-hoc &

Cheap to

Compile?

Type of

Plan?

Put plan in cache

Set initial cost

To Zero

Don’t Cache Yes

No

Ad-hoc



Query ProcessorCompilation and execution flow

Plan in

Cache?

Parse/normalize

Compile TSQL

Optimize statements

Put plan in cache

Retrieve plan from cache

Wait for memory grant scheduler

Open (active) plan

Run plan to completion

Plan need to

Be recompiled?

No

No

Yes

Yes



Demonstration 2

Query AnalyzerObtain statistics about a query

Use the graphical showplanUse the estimated showplan



Agenda


Query Tuning





Query TuningTuning – When to Start

Start at the Beginning

Consider performance before youeven write your first line of code

Be sure that you've set up a gooddatabase structure

Create what appear to be usefulindexes

Make sure all analysis is done witha representative workload



Query TuningApplication and Database Design

Provides Biggest PerformanceGains

Normalize

Evaluate Your Critical Transactions

Keep Table Row Lengths and KeyLengths Compact

Create Useful Indexes

Benchmark, Prototype and Test



SQL Server

SQL ProfilerIndex Tuning

Wizard

Query tuningIndex Creation and Tuning



Query TuningMonitoring Query Performance

STATISTICS – Input/Output

Logical Reads

Physical Reads

Read Ahead Reads

Scan Count

STATISTICS - Time

SHOWPLAN

Showplan_Text, Showplan_All,Graphical Showplan



Query TuningQuery Hints

Query hints should be used forspecial cases—not as standardoperating procedure

Hint Types:

Join Hints

Index Hints

Lock Hints

Processing Hints



Query TuningBlocking and Deadlocks – How to

Resolve Them Keep transactions as short as

possible

Never add a pause within atransaction for user input

When you process a result set,

process all rows as quickly aspossible

For browsing applications, considerusing cursors with optimistic

concurrency control



Query TuningDeadlocks – How to Resolve Them

To prevent cycle deadlocks, makeall processes access resources in aconsistent order.

Reduce the transaction isolationlevel if it's suitable for theapplication.

To prevent conversion deadlocks,explicitly serialize access to aresource.

Q t i



Gather information about the application’sbehavior Use SQL Profiler

Analyze the information Query Analyzer

Index Tuning Wizard

Apply Changes Index Tuning Wizard

Enterprise Manager

Query tuningPerformance Tuning

A step-by-step approach



Demonstration 3

Load Simulator



Demonstration 4

Index Tuning WizardAnalyze workload

View reports

Apply suggested indexes



Agenda


Query Tuning





System ConfigurationResource Allocation and System

File Location

Ensure that MaximizeData Throughput forNetwork Applicationsis selected for File andPrint Services

Do not locate SQLServer files on samedrive as PAGEFILE.sys



System ConfigurationConfiguring SQL Resources

Sp_configure

EXE sp_configure

RE ONFIGURE

With override

Enterprise Manager




Min Server Memoryand Max ServerMemory

Set Working Set Size Minimum Query

Memory




Scheduling

Lightweight Pooling

Affinity mask Priority boost

Max Worker Threads

Disk I/O Options Recovery Interval



System ConfigurationConfiguring SQL Resources Query Processing Options

Min Memory Per Query

Index Create Memory

Query Wait

Query Governor Cost Limit

Max Degree of Parallelism




Database Options

Read Only

Single User

Autoclose

Autoshrink

Auto Create Statistics

Auto Update Statistics

S C f




Buffer Manager

―Pintable‖ Option

Monitoring Performance SQLPERF(WAITSTATS)

SQLPERF(LRUSTATS)



Demonstration 5

SQL System ConfigurationEnterprise Managersp_configure

A d



Agenda


Query Tuning



P f M it i



Performance MonitoringHow to Use SQL Profiler

Monitor server events

Capture SQL statements

Identify poorly-performing queries

Replicate problems for diagnosis

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringWhen to Use SQL Profiler

Debug T-SQL or stored procedures

Monitor the performance of SQLServer to tune workloads

Capture deadlocking scenarios

Playback events captured

P f



PerformanceMonitoringSQL Profiler Event Categories

Data Columns Filters



Demonstration 6

SQL ProfilerTrace queries on a database

Create Trace Wizard

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringSystem Stored Procedures

SQL Trace

sp_trace_create

sp_trace_setevent

sp_trace_setf i l ter

sp_trace_setstatus

sp_trace_generateevent

SQLDIAG



Demonstration 7

System Diagnostic Procedures

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringUsing System Monitor

Monitors Entire SystemPerformance

System Counters

SQL Counters

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringSystem Monitor

Monitor multiple computerssimultaneously

View and change charts to reflect

current activityExport data to spreadsheet or

database applications

Add system alerts to notify you ofpossible problems

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringSystem Monitor

Run an application when a countervalue exceeds a user-defined value

Create log files

Append log files to form a long-termarchive

View current-activity reports

Create reports from existing log files

Save chart, alert, log, or reportsettings

P f M it i



Performance MonitoringSystem Monitor - System Counters

System:

Context Switches/sec

Processor: %Processor Time

%Privileged Time

%User Time

Processor Queue Length

P f M it i




SQL Server: Memory Manager:

Total Server Memory(KB)

Process: Working Set Counter For SQL Server

Instance

SQL Server Buffer Manager: Buffer Cache Hit Ratio





Memory:

Pages/sec SQLServer: Databases

Transactions/sec

PhysicalDisk: Disk Transfers/sec



Demonstration 8

System Monitor

Set Up System Monitor

Session Summary



Session Summary

SQL Server 2000 can use severaltechniques to enhance performanceof applications

Techniques include: Application and Database design

Query Tuning



For More Information



For More Information… TechNet Web site at

www.microsoft.com/technet Microsoft Official Curricula (MOC)

Course # 2071 - Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL

Course # 2072 - Administering a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database

Microsoft Press ―Inside SQL Server 2000‖, Microsoft Press, 2000., or:

http://mspress.microsoft.com/books/4297.htm

―Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Resource Kit‖, http://www.mspress.microsoft.com/PROD/BOOKS/4939.HTM

―Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Reference Library ―, http://mspress.microsoft.com/prod/books/5001.htm

―Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Administrator's Companion‖, http://mspress.microsoft.com/books/4519.htm

―Microsoft® BackOffice® 4.5 Resource Kit ‖, Microsoft Press, 1999, or: http://mspress.microsoft.com/prod/books/2483.htm

Training


http://www.mspress.microsoft.com/PROD/BOOKS/4939.HTM

http://mspress.microsoft.com/prod/books/5001.htm






http://www.mspress.microsoft.com/PROD/BOOKS/4939.HTM




TrainingTraining Resources for IT Professionals

Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL Course # 2071—Two days—Instructor-led or eLearning

Available: through MS CTECs in your area

Administering a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database

Course # 2072—Five days—Instructor-led

Available: through MS CTECs in your area

To locate a training provider for this course, please access

mcspreferral.microsoft.com/default.asp Microsoft Certified Technical Education Centers (CTECs)

are Microsoft’s premier partners for training services

Where Can I Get TechNet?



Where Can I Get TechNet?

Visit TechNet Online atwww.microsoft.com/technet

Register for the TechNet Flashwww.microsoft.com/technet/register/flash.asp

Join the TechNet Online forum atwww.microsoft.com/technet/discuss

Become an TechNet Subscriber attechnetbuynow.one.microsoft.com

Attend More TechNet Events

Become A Microsoft



Become A MicrosoftCertified Systems Engineer What Is MCSE?

Premier certification for professionals who analyzethe business requirements and design andimplement the infrastructure for business solutions

based on the Microsoft server software. How do I become a Windows 2000 MCSE?

Pass 4 Core Exams

Pass 1 Design Exam

Pass 2 Electives from a comprehensive list

Where Do I Get More Information? For more information about certification

requirements, exams, and training options,visit www.microsoft.com/mcp



Session Credits



Session Credits

Authors: Dan Keables, Joel Ware IV Producer/Editor: Alan Le Marquand

Thanks to our Microsoft technical

specialists who reviewed this session: John Doe

SQL Server 2000 Performance

Documents

Transcript of SQL Server 2000 Performance