SPX - Technical Integration WBS 1.03.03

SPX - Technical IntegrationWBS 1.03.03

Ali NassiriRF Group LeaderSPX Technical LeadAccelerator Systems Division

DOE CD-2 Review of APS-U4-6 December 2012

Outline Scope Org Chart Goals and Requirements Design Technical challenges Integrated R&D plan Technical risks Responses to previous reviews recommendations ES&H Summary

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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

Symmetric 150 mA in 24 bunches

153 ns spacing

SPX Goal Provide a short-pulse x-ray system (SPX) delivering few pico-second x-ray pluses

to the APS users. This system is based on superconducting RF deflecting cavities operated in continuous-wave mode.

– Up to 4 ID and 2 BM beam lines, operation in 24 singlets mode This system must meet several operational requirements:

— Minimize frequency of interruption of user experiments with the deflecting cavities— Be transparent to the storage ring operation with beam when the power to the deflecting cavities is off, cavities detuned and parked at other than 2 K

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Cav ID BM

Long straight section 5 ID (8 meters long)

Long straight section 7 ID ( 8 meters long)

Normal straight section 6 ID ( 5 meters long)Cryomodule length: ~ 3meters

HOM Damper

HOM Damper

Input Coupler

LOM Damper

Sector 5 Sector 7

Girder 5

Sector 7 LSS Layout Revolver undulator

Long taper transition

Gate valve Bellows

SPX cryomodule Girder 1

X-ray

Stored beam


SPX Main Parameters

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Parameter SPXBeam current 150 mARF frequency 2815 MHzCavity deflecting voltage 0.5 MVTotal RF deflecting voltage per cryomodule 2 MVNo. of cavities 4 ( per cryomodule)No. of cryomodule 2Cavity tunability 200 kHza

Source tunability 5 kHzb

Operating temperature 2 K

a To cover more than on SR revolution harmonicbTo allow for reasonable range of SR circumference change base on experimental studies of new APS lattices


SPX Technical Systems Two cryomodules with four superconducting rf deflecting cavities in each cryomodule.

Each cavity is equipped with a mechanical/piezo tuner, a fundamental frequency power coupler and lower- higher-order-mode waveguide dampers.

Eight 10-kW rf amplifiers operated in continuous wave mode Eight low-level rf controllers, one per cavity, to independently regulate and control each

cavity field Fiber-based highly-stable phase reference lines distribution for timing and

synchronization to LLRF, beam-line lasers and storage ring main rf frequency. Diagnostics for inside and outside of the SPX zones. Controls system to provide remote monitoring and control to all SPX subsystems,

interfaces to other APS systems, real-time data processing and thorough diagnostic information and tools for faults troubleshooting and postmortem analysis.

Safety interlock system including personnel protection interlocks and access control interlock

A cryoplant with the design capacity of 320 W at 2K and 500 W at 4.5K Deionized water system distribution

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6

ls P

VR2

2

GHzM.fR ps 440

Stability Threshold

Monopole stability threshold

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2

20

rkP

VR

l

rrt

mMRt /3.1 m/M.Rt 93

Horizontal dipole

Vertical dipole

Dipole Stability Threshold

Stability Threshold

Stability Threshold

SPX Cavity Longitudinal and Transverse Impedance

Dipo

le im

peda

nce

in v

ertic

al (d

eflec

ting)

dire

ction

(/m

)Di

pole

impe

danc

e in

hor

izont

al d

irecti

on (

/m)


RF Distribution Topology Narrow-band cavities make it difficult to do vector-sum of cavities because of

potential large fluctuation of cavities fields due to microphonics. One rf source per cavity mitigates this problem.


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Centralized (it is not desirable)

One rf source/cavity SPX Baseline

RF Transmitter Configuration


Master Oscillator

LLRF

Driver Ampl

Power AmplWaveguide

Circulator

Deflecting Cavity

Power Supply/modulator

Aux. Controls

o Phase/ Ampl loopso Cavity tuning loopo Interlocks

Small for SC cavities Large for NC cavities ~ 20% to 30% ~ 30 to 40%Due to beam offset ( )

PRF = PBeam loading + PCavity detuning + PCavity loss + PWG loss + POverhead

0 + m


Beam current = 150mA Beam sigma = 40psec 5 kW sourceCommon mode phase error = 0 10 KW sourceBeam vertical tilt = 0

(Vt > 0 , offset > 0)(Vt < 0 , offset < 0)

QL Detuningdelta-f [Hz]

Static CavityPhase Error due to Detuning [deg]

Verticalmisalignment [um]

Cavity Input Power Pg [KW]

Source Power(1dB wg loss, 20% overhead) [KW]

Source Power(1dB wg loss, 40% overhead) [KW]

1E+06 0 0 0 1.74 2.63 3.071E+06 0 0 500 2.71 4.10 4.781E+06 200 8 0 1.78 2.68 3.131E+06 200 8 500 2.75 4.15 4.851E+06 1000 35 0 2.64 3.98 4.651E+06 1000 35 500 3.61 5.45 6.362E+06 0 0 0 0.88 1.33 1.552E+06 0 0 500 1.96 2.96 3.452E+06 200 16 0 0.95 1.44 1.682E+06 200 16 500 2.03 3.07 3.582E+06 1000 55 0 2.66 4.01 4.682E+06 1000 55 500 3.73 5.64 6.583E+06 0 0 0 0.59 0.89 1.043E+06 0 0 500 1.77 2.68 3.133E+06 200 23 0 0.70 1.05 1.223E+06 200 23 500 1.88 2.84 3.313E+06 1000 65 0 3.25 4.90 5.723E+06 1000 65 500 4.43 6.69 7.81

Summary of SPX Cavity RF Power Requirement SPX deflecting cavity input RF power is between 2.75 kW to 4.43 kW. Taking into account a 1dB waveguide loss and a 40% RF power overhead, the required

RF power varies between 4. 85 kW to 7.81 kW. SPX preliminary design calls for 10-kW, 2815-MHz CW klystron-based RF transmitter

which is currently in the APS-U SPX baseline. In response to a recommendation by the CD-2 Director’s Review Committee, we will

have several opportunities to measure cavities microphonics culminating in SPX0 system in-ring test in 2014 to determine if the required RF power level could be reduced.

We will consider solid-state RF amplifiers for the SPX defecting cavities if the required cavity input power ( including a 40% overhead) is 5-kW or less.

Since the minimal required RF peak power is directly proportional to the maximum peak detuning, we need to have a good and realistic estimate of the peak cavity detuning when determining the required RF peak power.

If the installed RF power is not adequate, the RF transmitter will run against its maximum output power, which would likely result in cavity trip each time the cavity detuning exceeds the estimated peak detuning.


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Technical Systems – High Level RF Deliver sufficient rf power to eight rf

deflecting cavities ( two cryomodules, four cavities per cryomodule). Cavities are operated at 2815 MHz at a nominal 0.5 MV per cavity.

SPX baseline design consists of eight 10-KW CW klystron amplifiers

Required rf power level will be reevaluated once microphonics of “dressed” cavity and SPX0 cryomodule are measured.

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Technical Systems – Low Level RF Regulate and control individual cavity

amplitude and phase of the cavity fields The LLRF system is partitioned into two

separate sector-level LLRF system– Four individual LLRF controllers

See Doug Horan’s talk

See Larry Doolittle’s talk


Technical Systems – Cavities and Cryomodules Deflecting cavities will operate cw at 2815 MHz, using the TM110

cavity mode to produce a head-tail chirp of the beam Mark II cavity with horizontal waveguide damper on the cavity body

utilizes a “dogbone”- shape coupling iris for enhanced damping The cavity design was guided by various beam-interaction

requirements, including single-bunch current limit and coupled-bunch instabilities

Cavity design meets SPX storage ring stabilities threshold limits

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See Genfa Wu’s and John Mammosser’s talks

LOM damper

HOM damper

FPCQuantity Value UnitFrequency 2815 MHz

1 109

0.5 MV

Stored energy 0.38 J

Loss factor, 0.28 V/pC

18.6

Epeak 41 MV/m

Bpeak 100 mT

Ploss @ = 109 7 W

uQtV

uk

QR

0Q

Ibeam = 150 mA


Technical Systems – Dampers SPX requires eight deflecting cavities with a total of 16 HOM dampers and 8 LOM dampers Rf windows are used for LOM and FPC HOM damper is broadband (~ 2.5 GHz - ~8 GHz) HOM dampers and cavity have common vacuum

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HOM waveguide

LOM waveguide

FPC waveguide

Beam induced losses through waveguide ports

FPC: 160 W

LOM: 1.53 kWHOM: 265 W

Beam pipe: ~ 15W

k|| = 0.367 V/pC (σ = 10mm).

See Geoff Waldschmidt’s talk


SPX Cryomodule Estimated Heat LoadComponent @2K ( W)

Static Dynamic TotalCavity ( 4) 32 32HOM (8) 3.04 13.52 16.56LOM (4) 5.44 0.84 6.28PFC (4) 4.56 1.88 6.44Beam tubes 0.60 0.70 1.30Static cryostat estimate 18.0 18.0Total 31.64 48.94 80.58


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SPX Cryogenic System Cryogenic plant and distribution system

– Provides helium at 300 kPa, 4.6 K to the distribution system– The helium is cooled to 2.2 K within each cryomodule by heat exchanger with the 2.0K saturated

vapor return stream– The 2.2K, 300 kPa supply is throttled to 2.00K, 3.13 kPa and supplied to the cavities

Cryoplants typically sized for 100% design margin– SPX total heat load per cryomodule is estimated at ~80W– Two (2) cryomodules– SPX production design head load is estimated at 160 W– LHe ( 2.0K) refrigerator is sized for 320 WDOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012

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Quantity Capacity

System

Refrigeration @2.0K ( static + dynamic) 160 W Two cryomodules ( 4 cavities/each

Refrigeration @4.5K (static) 500 W Distribution and thermal intercept head loads

Thermal shied cooling @80K (static) 4 kW LN2

Machine Protection Considerations Protection of SPX rf system hardware from excessive beam-generated rf power is

required. For machine projection considerations, the beam generated cavity voltage was

calculated for pure beam offsets with zero cavity detuning as a function of Qext .

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Technical Systems – Timing/Synchronization Provide stable phase references

needed to drive deflecting cavities and measure the effects on the electron beam both inside and outside of the SPX zones

Provide stable phase reference to sector beam lines lasers for synchronization to the x-ray beam pulses

See Frank Lenkszus’ talk

Parameter Rms tolerance

Bandwidth

Common-mode phase variation

< 10° 0.01 Hz – 271 kHz

Phase mismatch between cavities

< 0.038° < 0.077 ° < 0.280 °

0.01 Hz – 200 Hz 0.01 Hz – 1kHz 1 kHz – 271 kHz

Beam line laser synchronization to x-ray pulse

< 270 fs 0.01 Hz – 1 kHz

Key Specifications

Technical Systems – Controls Integrate SPX system with existing APS

storage ring controls, timing and diagnostics Provide remote monitoring, control,

interfaces, real-time data processing environment and diagnostics information and tools for troubleshooting and postmortem fault analysis

DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012 See Ned Arnold’s talk

Technical Systems – DiagnosticsInside the SPX zone (Sectors 6 and 7): Provide transverse beam-centroid coordination so the electron bunch can be put through

the cryomodules close to the center of the cavities. Provide beam-position readbacks at both end of 6-ID chamber. (16 existing BPMs, 6 new) Quantify the effect of the deflecting cavities by measuring the beam tilt angle at a location

downstream of the first cryomodule. (One rf tilt monitor)External to SPX zone: Measure the beam arrival time with respect to a phase reference and provide this

information to a real-time data network for use in the low-level rf controls of the deflecting cavities. (One rf BAT monitor, two rf tilt monitors)

Measure residual emittance increase ( mostly in vertical plan). Use vertical beam-size monitor located at a specific vertical betatron phase relative to the cavities. (One beam size monitor)

Use existing beam position monitors to assure minimal impact of SPX on non-SPX beam lines.

Real-time feed back system upgrade provides significant improvements– Access to phase detectors beam tilt monitors supporting SPX– Interfaced to main and SPX low-level RF (LLRF) systems – 3 db BW > 200 Hz ( correctors only), 1 kHz with LLRF feedback

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Technical Systems – Safety Interlock System Safety Interlock System comprised of Personnel Protection Interlocks (PPI) and Access

Control Interlock System (ACIS). PPI will address potential hazards to personnel from SPX rf system hardware including rf

radiation leakage from open waveguide flanges, contact with high-voltage conductors and exposure to ionizing radiation generated by the klystrons.

The SPX ACIS will include all hardware, software and control system to interface between the storage ring access control interlock system (SR ACIS) and the SPX ACIS. The SR ACIS will issue a permit signal to SPX ACIS only when the SR Zone A is in Beam Permit mode.

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SPX ACIS functional relationship to other ACISs


Technical Challenges Timing and synchronization

– Meeting differential mode phase tolerance to keep rms beam motion outside of SPX under beam stability requirements

– Maintaining stability of ~ 20 fs rms over 0.1 Hz- 1 kHz for phase reference distribution

Cavity and cryomodule– Operating margin for cavity deflecting voltage and Q – Multi-cavity alignment – Performance of low-loss unshielded intra-cavity bellows– Microphonics compensation on fast time scale

Dampers– Fabrication consistency of SiC tiles to eliminate fracturing – Keeping particulates low ( HOM dampers)– Managing dampers heat load under off-normal conditions

• Preventing water freezing in case of total power loss

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Ongoing R&D in Support of SPX Final Design SPX R&D Goals

– Validate SPX concept, critical technologies and mitigate technical risks– Gain experience in design and operation of SCRF system– Demonstrate that SPX system is transparent to the storage ring operation with “parked” cavities– Test and evaluate deflecting cavities, components rf performances

Cavities and cryomodule – collaboration with JLab– Fabrication of Mark II cavities and supporting components– Test and measurement of single cavity in vertical cryostat– Test and measurement of a dressed cavity in horizontal cryostat– Dampers fabrication and high-power tests– Testing of low-impedance unshielded bellows

High power rf system– Assembling two 5-kW/2815 GHz rf amplifiers to support SPX0 cavities power and in-ring tests.

LLRF– One LLRF4 system is on hand (developed in collaboration with LBNL). It will be used to support

cavity horizontal test at ANL-PHY ATLAS facility Timing/synchronization

– Collaboration with LBNL to apply their femtosecond timing/synchronization system – Demonstrate stable phase reference to LLRF

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Integrated R&D Plan


Cavi

tyFabricationChemistryVertical Test

Horizontal Test @ANL

Tune

r FabricationAssemblyStack test

Ready for cavity

Cavity/tuner assembly“ dressed cavity”

HLRF

5-kW Amplifier Assembly (2)Test with RF loadCheck Interlocks

1st 5-kWAmplifier Ready for cavity test

LLR

F

Qualified

Test with High-Q EmulatorsTest with RF load

LLRF Ready for cavity test SPX0 Cavity/tuner Qualified

D

ampe

r

HOM dampers testsSiC material test

RF power tests

Dampers WG design

LOM damper test RF power testThermal test

HOM PrototypeAssembly

Deliver 4 units to JLAB

LOM AssemblyComplete

Test&Qualification

Deliver 2 units to JLAB

Dampers WG Fabrication

SPX0 Cryomodule Fabrication for 2-cavity @JLab

FP

C

Window and WG RF design

Thermal/Mechanical design

Fabrication/Test/Qualification

Alig

nmen

t

Design

Fixturing

Bench Test

Ready for SPX0 cryomodule

Test&Qualification

Finish SPX Final Design

Cryomodule test and qualification @JLab

2nd 5-kW Amplifier shipped to JLAB

Cryomodule test @ANL

SPX0 Cryomodule ready for ring installation

Install SPX0 and test with beam

Sept. 2015

Apr. 2014

Oct. 2014

Complete SPX0 testing Jan. 2015March 2013

March 2013

Sept. 2012

Jan. 2014

Dec. 2012

Dec. 2013

March 2014

Summary of SPX Technical Risks Cavity gradient and Q0 degradation

– Reduce cavity operating field– Explore in-situ processing– Use electro-polishing and other processing methods

Excessive microphonics– Measure microphonics in horizontal test and in in-ring test– Measure vibration source(s) and their transfer function between cavity and source(s)

2K/80K heat load is excessive– Develop 5K head shield– Use horizontal test and SPX0 cryomodule test to find the high heat load location and redesign

the thermal shield and interceptor Inter-cavity bellows fail

– Extensive test of bellows offline – Develop alternative shielded bellows with low particulates generation

Cavity alignment out of specs– Develop external mechanical alignment for cavities string

Possible damper material failure and excessive particulates– Conducting extensive tests at SPX RF test stand

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Summary of SPX Technical Risks(cont.) Power amplifier too small to maintain control of cavities fields to specified beam orbit

offset– Baseline design is a 10kW klystron-based RF transmitter with 40% overhead. We will

reassess RF power requirement during SPX0 in-ring test. Fast rf interlocks cannot prevent damage to cavities caused by beam –generated rf power

– Evaluate in in-ring test– Confirm adequate response time for beam abort interlock

Timing and synchronization Cannot meet long term common mode or differential mode phase specs

– Use beam-based feedback from storage ring BPMs to LLRF phase to compensate– Use Beam Arrival Time (BAT) monitor for beam arrival time (common mode) errors

Cannot meet long term user beam line synchronization specs– Use feed forward from upstream cavity phase to beam line laser phase to compensate

Unknown perturbations (beam loading, microphonics and environmental EMI)– Collect data during the development phase. Work with other systems developers to

minimize these perturbations as much as possible.

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Summary of SPX Technical Risks (cont.) Uncertainty in cavity/cryomodule heat load (not really a cryogenic systems risk, but the

biggest risk element in terms of being able to cool the cavities) – Allow adequate system margin

Cryoplant performance fails to meet spec– Thoroughly reviewed, mature plant design, commissioning strategy including vendor

participation and system margin. Operational reliability uncertainty (contamination, rotating machinery failure, etc)

– Mature plant design, implementation of proven purification technology, use of mature subcomponent designs (expanders, compressors, heat exchangers), redundant components/hot spares, and anticipated maintenance partnerships with other laboratories (Fermilab, JLab).

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Post CD-1 SPX Technical Reviews

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SPX Cavity Helium Vessel, Tuner andCavity Down Select

August 30-31, 2011

Engineering Specification Document Review of SPX Cryogenic Refrigeration

February 23-24, 2012

Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) May 1-2 2012

SPX0 Cryomodule June 6-7, 2012

SPX R&D (SPX0) August 23-24, 2012

ANL Director’s CD-2 Review September 11-13, 2012


SPX ES&H

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Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS)– APS-U Project following Argonne’s ISMS program requirements – Argonne Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) Description recently

revised and submitted to DOE ASO• Describes framework for integrating ESH requirements with mission objectives• References Argonne LMS procedures which implement specific portions of the ISMS

Identify General Safeguards and Security Requirements– APS-U Project required to follow Argonne’s Operations Security Program (OPSEC) Master Plan

Ionizing radiation, non-ionizing and electrical hazards will be addressed in accordance with ANL rules, procedures and guidelines.

Oxygen deficiency hazards are been analyzed. Pressure safety is being addressed. New hazards will be examined and reviewed in accordance with ANL rules,

procedures and guidelines per ISMS.


Summary Conceptual design of SPX technical systems is complete. SPX Physics Requirements Document (PRD) is complete and signed

off. SPX Engineering Design Specifications (ESDs) and Interface Control

Documents (ICDs) are drafted. SPX preliminary design is progressing well. Technical challenges have been identified and are being addressed

in the R&D phase in collaboration with JLab and LBNL. Integration and commissioning plans are being developed. Safety is integrated into our work planning, test and

commissioning. We are ready for CD2.


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SPX - Technical Integration WBS 1.03.03

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