Spray Finishing Materials
Transcript of Spray Finishing Materials
SPRAY FINISHING SPRAY FINISHING USING USING
FLAMMABLE AND FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALSMATERIALS29 CFR 1910.107, Subpart H29 CFR 1910.107, Subpart H
Samuel D. Yates, Corporate Safety Samuel D. Yates, Corporate Safety and Environmentaland EnvironmentalMeadowcraft, IncMeadowcraft, Inc..
[email protected]@meadowcraft.com
Spray application of flammable and Spray application of flammable and combustible liquids presents a fire and combustible liquids presents a fire and explosion hazard that requires specific explosion hazard that requires specific controls. Flammable and even combustible controls. Flammable and even combustible liquids are readily ignited when suspended liquids are readily ignited when suspended in the air as a fine mist and suspended in the air as a fine mist and suspended powder particles and dust can be powder particles and dust can be explosive. Overspray residue is often explosive. Overspray residue is often combustible, thus presenting a fire hazard combustible, thus presenting a fire hazard both during the spray application and also both during the spray application and also after the spray application is complete.after the spray application is complete.
The National Fire Protection Association The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Code #33, “(NFPA) Code #33, “Spray Application Spray Application Using Flammable and Combustible Using Flammable and Combustible Materials” Materials” is the nationwide governing is the nationwide governing code in this process.code in this process.
APPLICABLE APPLICABLE DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
(1) (1) Aerated solid powders. Aerated powders Aerated solid powders. Aerated powders are any powdered material that is used as a are any powdered material that is used as a coating material and shall be fluidized coating material and shall be fluidized within a container by passing air uniformly within a container by passing air uniformly from below (Similar to the operation of from below (Similar to the operation of quicksand). It is common practice to quicksand). It is common practice to fluidize such materials to form a fluidized fluidize such materials to form a fluidized powder bed and then dip the part to be powder bed and then dip the part to be coated into the bed in a manner similar to coated into the bed in a manner similar to liquid dipping. Such beds are also used as liquid dipping. Such beds are also used as sources for powder spray operations. sources for powder spray operations.
(2) Spraying area. Any area in which dangerous (2) Spraying area. Any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapors or mists, or quantities of flammable vapors or mists, or combustible residues, dusts, or deposits are combustible residues, dusts, or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying present due to the operation of spraying processes.processes.
(3) Spray booth. A power-ventilated structure (3) Spray booth. A power-ventilated structure provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation to confine and limit the escape of operation to confine and limit the escape of spray, vapor, and residue, and to safely conduct spray, vapor, and residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to an exhaust system.or direct them to an exhaust system.
(4) Waterwash spray booth. A spray booth (4) Waterwash spray booth. A spray booth equipped with a water washing system designed equipped with a water washing system designed to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust ducts and to permit the recovery of overspray ducts and to permit the recovery of overspray finishing material. finishing material.
(5) Dry spray booth. A spray booth not (5) Dry spray booth. A spray booth not equipped with a water washing system as equipped with a water washing system as described above. A dry spray both may be described above. A dry spray both may be equipped with: (i) distri-equipped with: (i) distri-
bution or baffle plates to promote an bution or baffle plates to promote an even flow of air through the booth or even flow of air through the booth or cause the deposit of overspray before it cause the deposit of overspray before it enters the exhaust duct; or (ii) overspray enters the exhaust duct; or (ii) overspray dry filters to minimize dusts; or (iii) dry filters to minimize dusts; or (iii) overspray dry filter rolls designed to overspray dry filter rolls designed to minimize dusts or residues entering minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust ducts; or (iv) overspray dry filter exhaust ducts; or (iv) overspray dry filter rolls designed to minimize dusts or rolls designed to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust ducts; or (v) residues entering exhaust ducts; or (v) where dry powders are being sprayed with where dry powders are being sprayed with powder collection systems so arranged in powder collection systems so arranged in the exhaust to capture oversprayed the exhaust to capture oversprayed material. material.
(6) Fluidized bed. A container holding (6) Fluidized bed. A container holding powder coating material which is aerated powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material through expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated object to be coated is which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported.immersed and transported.
(7) Electrostatic fluidized bed. A container (7) Electrostatic fluidized bed. A container holding powder coating material which is holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air-aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material supported expanded cloud of such material which is electrically charged with a charge which is electrically charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the object to be opposite to the charge of the object to be coated; such object is transported through coated; such object is transported through the container immediately above the the container immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to charged and aerated materials in order to be coated.be coated.
(8) Approved. Shall mean approve and (8) Approved. Shall mean approve and listed by a nationally recognized listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.testing laboratory.
(9) Listed. See “approved” in (9) Listed. See “approved” in 1910.107(a)(8).1910.107(a)(8).
POWDER PAINT SYSTEMPOWDER PAINT SYSTEM
SPRAY BOOTHSSPRAY BOOTHS LOCATIONLOCATION
Spray booths and all associated operations Spray booths and all associated operations such as paint mixing and setup areas such as paint mixing and setup areas should be in a designated location awayshould be in a designated location away from spark producing or open flame equip-from spark producing or open flame equip- ment such as welding, cutting, heat ment such as welding, cutting, heat treating or heaters.treating or heaters. Smoking should be strictly prohibited and Smoking should be strictly prohibited and signs prohibiting smoking should be signs prohibiting smoking should be
prominentlyprominently posted.posted. Flooring must be non-combustible and easy Flooring must be non-combustible and easy
toto clean.clean.
SPRAY BOOTHSSPRAY BOOTHSCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Spray booths should be constructed of 18Spray booths should be constructed of 18 gauge steel.gauge steel. All areas of the booth must be accessible forAll areas of the booth must be accessible for maintenance and cleaning. When necessary tomaintenance and cleaning. When necessary to facilitate cleaning, exhaust ducts shall be pro-facilitate cleaning, exhaust ducts shall be pro- vided with an ample number of access doors.vided with an ample number of access doors. Exhaust ducts should be run as direct asExhaust ducts should be run as direct as possible and should be well supported. A min-possible and should be well supported. A min- imum clearance of 18” is needed from the duct imum clearance of 18” is needed from the duct
to anyto any combustible roof or other construction. This combustible roof or other construction. This
distance may be reduced to as little as three distance may be reduced to as little as three inches if protected in inches if protected in
accordance with NFPA #33.accordance with NFPA #33.
SPRAY EQUIPMENTSPRAY EQUIPMENT
All spray equipment, mixers, pumps, etc.All spray equipment, mixers, pumps, etc.
should be specifically designed and manu-should be specifically designed and manu-
factured for flammable spray factured for flammable spray applications.applications.
All spray equipment should be interlocked All spray equipment should be interlocked
with the booth system so that the equip-with the booth system so that the equip-
ment will not operate unless the ment will not operate unless the ventilationventilation
system is working. system is working.
VENTILATION VENTILATION
The exhaust ventilation system must pro-The exhaust ventilation system must pro- vide a minimum airflow of 100 linear feet vide a minimum airflow of 100 linear feet per minute across all both openings per minute across all both openings
except except for electrostatic spraying operations for electrostatic spraying operations
wherewhere the minimum air flow may be 60 linear the minimum air flow may be 60 linear feet per minute or more, depending on feet per minute or more, depending on
the the volume of the finishing material being volume of the finishing material being applied and its flammability and explosionapplied and its flammability and explosion characteristics.characteristics.
VENTILATIONVENTILATION
Visible gauges or audible alarm or Visible gauges or audible alarm or pressurepressure
activated devices shall be installed to activated devices shall be installed to
indicate or insure that the required indicate or insure that the required air air
velocity is maintained. Filter rolls velocity is maintained. Filter rolls shall be shall be
inspected to insure proper inspected to insure proper replacement of replacement of
filter media.filter media.
VENTILATIONVENTILATION
The exhaust fan shall be solidly mounted The exhaust fan shall be solidly mounted
and secured, with non-sparking, non-and secured, with non-sparking, non-
ferrous blades. The fan electric motor ferrous blades. The fan electric motor mustmust
be located outside the duct and suitable be located outside the duct and suitable forfor
hazardous locations and fan belts may hazardous locations and fan belts may notnot
enter the duct unless the belt and pulleyenter the duct unless the belt and pulley
within the duct are completely enclosed. within the duct are completely enclosed.
VENTILATIONVENTILATION
The ventilation system must be The ventilation system must be equippedequipped
with some type of noncombustible filterwith some type of noncombustible filter system. Mesh filters are preferred over system. Mesh filters are preferred over
thethe baffle type, but must be periodically baffle type, but must be periodically replaced. Mesh filters cannot be used replaced. Mesh filters cannot be used
whenwhen applying a spray material that is highlyapplying a spray material that is highly susceptible to spontaneous heating andsusceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition.ignition.
VENTILATIONVENTILATION
Metal baffle type filters may also be used.Metal baffle type filters may also be used.
However, one of the safest and most effic-However, one of the safest and most effic-
ient filter systems is the water wash ient filter systems is the water wash system,system,
where the vapor laden air is drawn throughwhere the vapor laden air is drawn through
a recirculating water curtain which trapsa recirculating water curtain which traps
the overspray particles. The water must bethe overspray particles. The water must be
changed on a schedule established by thechanged on a schedule established by the
manufacturer.manufacturer.
ELECTRICALELECTRICAL
In general, there should be no electricalIn general, there should be no electrical equipment, switches, lights, etc. locatedequipment, switches, lights, etc. located inside a spray booth.inside a spray booth. Electrical wiring, lighting fixtures and Electrical wiring, lighting fixtures and equipment located in the spray booth mustequipment located in the spray booth must meet Class I, Division I specifications of meet Class I, Division I specifications of the National Electrical Code (NEC).the National Electrical Code (NEC). Lights may be located above the spray Lights may be located above the spray
booth,booth, behind a substantial glass panel, which is behind a substantial glass panel, which is
sealedsealed to prevent leakage of vapors or mists at to prevent leakage of vapors or mists at
the edge.the edge.
Example of a light fixture mounted outside Example of a light fixture mounted outside of the spray area and serviced from outside of the spray area and serviced from outside the spray area. From NFPA 33.the spray area. From NFPA 33.
A second method of mounting light fixtures is acceptable.A second method of mounting light fixtures is acceptable.
Examples of light fixtures that are an integral part of the spray area and are serviced from inside the spray area. NFPA 33
ELECTRICALELECTRICAL
All metal parts of the spray booth, duct,All metal parts of the spray booth, duct, etc., must be properly electricallyetc., must be properly electrically grounded in an effective and permanentgrounded in an effective and permanent manner.manner. Electrical features located outside, butElectrical features located outside, but immediately adjacent to the spray boothimmediately adjacent to the spray booth must meet the following provision:must meet the following provision: (1) If the ventilation system is interlocked with (1) If the ventilation system is interlocked with the spray equipment, areas 5 feet horizontallythe spray equipment, areas 5 feet horizontally and 3 feet vertically from all openings shall and 3 feet vertically from all openings shall meet Class I, Division 2 specifications of the NEC.meet Class I, Division 2 specifications of the NEC. (2) If the ventilation system is not interlocked with (2) If the ventilation system is not interlocked with
sprayspray equipment , areas 10 feet horizontally and 3 feet equipment , areas 10 feet horizontally and 3 feet
vertically fromvertically from all openings shall meet Class I, Division 2 NEC all openings shall meet Class I, Division 2 NEC
specifications. specifications.
FIRE PROTECTIONFIRE PROTECTION
All spraying operations utilizing All spraying operations utilizing flammableflammable
or combustible materials must be pro-or combustible materials must be pro-
tected by an automatic sprinkler tected by an automatic sprinkler systemsystem
installed in the booth, behind the installed in the booth, behind the filters,filters,
and in the exhaust duct. Installationand in the exhaust duct. Installation
should conform to NFPA Code #13.should conform to NFPA Code #13.
Typical Sprinkler ArrangementTypical Sprinkler ArrangementFrom “From “TECH Bulletin: Spray Booths”, TECH Bulletin: Spray Booths”, Frankenmuth InsuranceFrankenmuth Insurance
FIRE PROTECTIONFIRE PROTECTION
Sprinkler head coverage should not exceedSprinkler head coverage should not exceed 90 square feet per head, with a water supply90 square feet per head, with a water supply delivered at a pressure of 25 psi. The delivered at a pressure of 25 psi. The water supply to the sprinkler heads shouldwater supply to the sprinkler heads should have a separate control valve.have a separate control valve. Sprinkler heads should be covered with a Sprinkler heads should be covered with a protective covering of lightweight protective covering of lightweight
cellophane,cellophane, polyethylene or paper bags to prevent the polyethylene or paper bags to prevent the
accum-accum- ulation of overspray which would affect the ulation of overspray which would affect the operation of the sprinkler head.operation of the sprinkler head.
FIRE PROTECTIONFIRE PROTECTION
Where there is no water Where there is no water available, dryavailable, dry
chemical, COchemical, CO22, and other , and other extinguishingextinguishing
systems are acceptable if systems are acceptable if installed to code.installed to code.
CONVEYORSCONVEYORS
Where conveyors are arranged to Where conveyors are arranged to carry work into or out of spray carry work into or out of spray booths, the openings booths, the openings
shall be as small as practical.shall be as small as practical.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSLIQUIDS
CONFORMNCECONFORMNCE
The storage of flammable or The storage of flammable or combustible combustible
liquids in connection with spraying liquids in connection with spraying opera-opera-
tions shall conform to the tions shall conform to the requirements ofrequirements of
1910.106 where practical.1910.106 where practical.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSLIQUIDS
QUANTITY STOREDQUANTITY STORED
The quantity of flammable or The quantity of flammable or combustible combustible
liquids allowed to be stored in the liquids allowed to be stored in the vicinity vicinity
of a spraying operation shall be the min-of a spraying operation shall be the min- imum required for operations and imum required for operations and
shouldshould not exceed a supply for 1 day or one not exceed a supply for 1 day or one
shift.shift.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSLIQUIDS
Bulk storage of portable containers ofBulk storage of portable containers of
flammable or combustible liquids flammable or combustible liquids shall beshall be
in a separate, constructed building in a separate, constructed building de-de-
tached from other important tached from other important buildings orbuildings or
cut off in a standard manner.cut off in a standard manner.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSAND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
CONTAINERSCONTAINERS
Original closed containers, approved port-Original closed containers, approved port-
able tanks, approved safety cans or aable tanks, approved safety cans or a
properly arranged system of piping shall beproperly arranged system of piping shall be
used for bringing flammable or combus-used for bringing flammable or combus-
tible liquids into a spray finishing room. Notible liquids into a spray finishing room. No
open or glass containers shall be used. open or glass containers shall be used.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSLIQUIDS
TRANSFERRING LIQUIDSTRANSFERRING LIQUIDS Withdrawal of liquids from containers ofWithdrawal of liquids from containers of greater than 60 gallons must be by greater than 60 gallons must be by approved pump.approved pump. Withdrawal or transfer of flammable Withdrawal or transfer of flammable
liquidsliquids from containers and the filling of con- from containers and the filling of con- tainers shall be done only in a suitable tainers shall be done only in a suitable mixing room or in a spraying area when mixing room or in a spraying area when
the ven-the ven- tilation system is in operation.tilation system is in operation.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Adequate precautions shall be Adequate precautions shall be taken to taken to
protect against liquid spillage protect against liquid spillage and sourcesand sources
of ignition.of ignition.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSLIQUIDS
SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAY NOZZLES:SPRAY NOZZLES:
Shall be of closed type or provided Shall be of closed type or provided with metal covers kept closed.with metal covers kept closed.
Shall either rest on floor, be on Shall either rest on floor, be on metal metal
supports or suspended by wire supports or suspended by wire cables. cables.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSAND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAY NOZZLES: SPRAY NOZZLES:
Shall not exceed 10 gallons capacity ifShall not exceed 10 gallons capacity if feeding nozzles by gravity flow.feeding nozzles by gravity flow. Original shipping containers shall not beOriginal shipping containers shall not be subject to air pressure for supplying spray subject to air pressure for supplying spray nozzles. (DON’T PRESSURIZE SHIPPING nozzles. (DON’T PRESSURIZE SHIPPING CONTAINER).CONTAINER).
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSAND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAY NOZZLES: SPRAY NOZZLES:
Containers under air pressure shall be ofContainers under air pressure shall be of limited capacity and shall not exceed thatlimited capacity and shall not exceed that necessary for 1 day’s operation, shall benecessary for 1 day’s operation, shall be designed and approved for such use, shalldesigned and approved for such use, shall be provided with a visible pressure gage be provided with a visible pressure gage
andand shall be provided with a relief valve.shall be provided with a relief valve.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSAND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAYING CONTAINERS SUPPLYING SPRAY NOZZLES: SPRAY NOZZLES:
Containers under air pressure supplyingContainers under air pressure supplying spray nozzles, air-storage tanks andspray nozzles, air-storage tanks and coolers must conform to the standards ofcoolers must conform to the standards of The Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, The Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and
PressurePressure Vessel Code – 1968 for construction, Vessel Code – 1968 for construction,
tests andtests and maintenance.maintenance.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Spraying – Spraying shall not be conductedSpraying – Spraying shall not be conducted outside of predetermined spraying areas.outside of predetermined spraying areas.
Cleaning – All spraying areas shall be keptCleaning – All spraying areas shall be kept as free from the accumulation of depositsas free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues as practical, withof combustible residues as practical, with cleaning conducted daily if necessary. cleaning conducted daily if necessary. Scrapers, spuds, or other such tools used Scrapers, spuds, or other such tools used for cleaning must be made of nonsparkingfor cleaning must be made of nonsparking material.material.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Residue Disposal – Residue scrapings andResidue Disposal – Residue scrapings and other debris contaminated with residueother debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed from theshall be immediately removed from the premises and properly disposed of. premises and properly disposed of. Approved metal waste cans shall be pro-Approved metal waste cans shall be pro- vided wherever rags or waste are impreg-vided wherever rags or waste are impreg- nated with finishing material and all ragsnated with finishing material and all rags or wastes deposited in the cans after use.or wastes deposited in the cans after use. The contents of the waste cans shall be The contents of the waste cans shall be
properlyproperly disposed of at least once daily or at the disposed of at least once daily or at the
end ofend of each shift.each shift.
OPERATIONS AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
Clothing Storage – Spray Clothing Storage – Spray finishing em-finishing em-
ployees’ clothing shall not be ployees’ clothing shall not be left on theleft on the
premises overnight unless premises overnight unless kept in metalkept in metal
lockers.lockers.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Cleaning Solvents – Use of solvents forCleaning Solvents – Use of solvents for
cleaning operations is restricted to thosecleaning operations is restricted to those
having flashpoints of not less than 100having flashpoints of not less than 100oo F. F.
For cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliaryFor cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary
equipment, solvents having flashpoints equipment, solvents having flashpoints
not less than those normally used in spraynot less than those normally used in spray
operations may be used. Cleaning shall operations may be used. Cleaning shall
be done in spray booths with the venti-be done in spray booths with the venti-
lation equipment running during cleaning.lation equipment running during cleaning.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Hazardous Materials Combinations – Hazardous Materials Combinations –
Spray booths shall not be alternately usedSpray booths shall not be alternately used
for different types of coating materialsfor different types of coating materials
where the combination of materials may bewhere the combination of materials may be
conducive to spontaneous ignition, unlessconducive to spontaneous ignition, unless
all deposits of the first material used are all deposits of the first material used are
removed from the booth and exhaust ductsremoved from the booth and exhaust ducts
prior to spraying with the second material.prior to spraying with the second material.
OPERATIONS AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
“ “No Smoking” signs in large No Smoking” signs in large letters on letters on
contrasting color contrasting color background shall bebackground shall be
conspicuously posted at all conspicuously posted at all sprayingspraying
areas and paint storage areas and paint storage rooms.rooms.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
CONFORMANCECONFORMANCE
Installation and use shall conform Installation and use shall conform to allto all
requirements of 1910.107 and to requirements of 1910.107 and to the specialthe special
requirements for fixed requirements for fixed electrostaticelectrostatic
apparatus.apparatus.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Electrostatic apparatus and devices mustElectrostatic apparatus and devices must be of approved types.be of approved types.
Transformers, power packs, control Transformers, power packs, control apparatus, and all other electrical portionsapparatus, and all other electrical portions of the equipment, with the exception of of the equipment, with the exception of high-voltage grids, electrodes, and high-voltage grids, electrodes, and
electro-electro- static atomizing heads and their connec-static atomizing heads and their connec- tions shall either be located outside the tions shall either be located outside the
spraying spraying area or conform to the electrical area or conform to the electrical
requirements ofrequirements of paragraph (c).paragraph (c).
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Electrodes and electrostatic atomizingElectrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads must be adequately supported inheads must be adequately supported in permanent locations and effectively in-permanent locations and effectively in- sulated from the ground. Insulators sulated from the ground. Insulators
mustmust nonporous and noncombustible.nonporous and noncombustible.
High-voltage leads to electrodes must High-voltage leads to electrodes must bebe
properly insulated and protected fromproperly insulated and protected from mechanical injury or exposure to mechanical injury or exposure to
destructivedestructive chemicals.chemicals.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
A safe distance must be maintained A safe distance must be maintained be-be-
tween goods being painted and tween goods being painted and electrodeselectrodes
or electrostatic atomizing heads or or electrostatic atomizing heads or con-con-
ductors of at east ductors of at east twicetwice the sparking the sparking dis-dis-
tance. A sign shall be posted tance. A sign shall be posted indicatingindicating
safe distnce.safe distnce.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Goods being painted using this Goods being painted using this processprocess
must be transported by conveyor must be transported by conveyor and aand a
safe distance must be maintained safe distance must be maintained be-be-
the goods and the electrodes or the goods and the electrodes or atomizingatomizing
heads.heads.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSAPPARATUS
PROHIBITEDPROHIBITED: This process is not : This process is not accep-accep-
table where goods being coated table where goods being coated are manip-are manip-
ulated by hand.ulated by hand.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Electrostatic apparatus shall be Electrostatic apparatus shall be equippedequipped
with automatic controls that will with automatic controls that will operate operate
without time delay to disconnect the without time delay to disconnect the powerpower
supply to the high voltage supply to the high voltage transformer andtransformer and
to signal the operator for any of the to signal the operator for any of the
following conditions: following conditions:
Failure of ventilating equipment for anyFailure of ventilating equipment for any cause.cause.
Stoppage of the conveyor carrying goodsStoppage of the conveyor carrying goods through the high voltage field.through the high voltage field.
Occurrence of a ground or of an Occurrence of a ground or of an imminentimminent
ground at any point on the high voltageground at any point on the high voltage system.system.
Reduction of the safe distance to below Reduction of the safe distance to below thatthat
specified.specified.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
GUARDINGGUARDING
Equipment must be guarded by Equipment must be guarded by adequatelyadequately
grounded conductive material. grounded conductive material. Guarding mustGuarding must
effectively isolate the process from effectively isolate the process from plantplant
storage or personnel.storage or personnel.
FIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUSFIXED ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Ventilation. The ventilation system mustVentilation. The ventilation system must
insure safe conditions from a fire andinsure safe conditions from a fire and
health standpoint.health standpoint.
Fire Protection. All areas used for spraying,Fire Protection. All areas used for spraying,
including the interior of the booth must beincluding the interior of the booth must be
protected by automatic sprinklers or otherprotected by automatic sprinklers or other
approved automatic extinguishing approved automatic extinguishing equipment.equipment.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
This includes any equipment using electro-This includes any equipment using electro-
statically charged elements for the statically charged elements for the atomizationatomization
and/or precipitation of materials for and/or precipitation of materials for coatingscoatings
on articles or for other similar purposes in on articles or for other similar purposes in
which the atomizing device is hand held andwhich the atomizing device is hand held and
manipulated during the spraying operation. manipulated during the spraying operation.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGSPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
CONFORMANCECONFORMANCE
Electrostatic hand spraying Electrostatic hand spraying equipment mustequipment must
conform to all provisions of the conform to all provisions of the standard.standard.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Equipment Approval And Specifications:Equipment Approval And Specifications:
Equipment must b of approved types.Equipment must b of approved types. High voltage circuits must not produce High voltage circuits must not produce
aa
spark of sufficient intensity to ignite anyspark of sufficient intensity to ignite any
vapor-air mixtures or result in an vapor-air mixtures or result in an
appreciable shock if coming in ground appreciable shock if coming in ground con-con-
tact.tact.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Equipment Approval And Specifications:Equipment Approval And Specifications:
The electrostatically charged exposed The electrostatically charged exposed ele-ele-
ments of the handgun shall be ments of the handgun shall be capable of capable of
being energized only by a switch that being energized only by a switch that alsoalso
controls the coating material supply.controls the coating material supply.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGEQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Electrical Support Equipment:Electrical Support Equipment:
All electrical equipment with the All electrical equipment with the exceptionexception
of the handgun and its connections to of the handgun and its connections to the the
power supply shall be located outside power supply shall be located outside thethe
spraying area or be in compliance withspraying area or be in compliance with paragraph (c) of this standard.paragraph (c) of this standard.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
GroundingGrounding
All electrically conductive objects in theAll electrically conductive objects in the
spraying area must be grounded. spraying area must be grounded.
Warnings regarding the necessity of Warnings regarding the necessity of
grounding must be permanently affixed grounding must be permanently affixed to to
the equipment.the equipment.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGEQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Maintenance of GroundsMaintenance of Grounds
Objects being painted or coated must Objects being painted or coated must bebe
maintained in metallic contact with maintained in metallic contact with thethe
conveyor or other grounded support.conveyor or other grounded support.
Hooks shall have Hooks shall have knifeknife edges where edges where possible.possible.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGEQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
InterlocksInterlocks
The electrical equipment is to be The electrical equipment is to be inter-inter-
locked with the ventilation of the locked with the ventilation of the sprayingspraying
area so that the equipment cannot be area so that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans operated unless the ventilation fans
are inare in operation. operation.
ELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYINGELECTROSTATIC HAND SPRAYING
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
VentilationVentilation
The spraying operation shall take The spraying operation shall take place place
within an adequately ventilated within an adequately ventilated sprayingspraying
area.area.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
Conformance:Conformance:
Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus used Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus used inin
conjunction with the spray application ofconjunction with the spray application offlammable or combustible finishes must flammable or combustible finishes must
con-con-form to the Standard for Ovens and form to the Standard for Ovens and
Furnaces,Furnaces,NFPA 86A-1969, which is incorporated byNFPA 86A-1969, which is incorporated byreference into OSHA standards.reference into OSHA standards.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSDRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUS
Prohibition of Alternate UseProhibition of Alternate Use
Spray booths, rooms, or other enclosures Spray booths, rooms, or other enclosures usedused
for spraying shall not be alternately used for for spraying shall not be alternately used for the purpose of drying by any arrangement the purpose of drying by any arrangement
thatthatwill cause a material increase in the surfacewill cause a material increase in the surfacetemperature of the spray booth, room or en-temperature of the spray booth, room or en-closure.closure.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
Adjacent Systems InterlockedAdjacent Systems Interlocked
Drying, curing, or fusion systems utilizing Drying, curing, or fusion systems utilizing anan
open flame heating system or one that may open flame heating system or one that may
produce sparks may be installed adjacent produce sparks may be installed adjacent to ato a
spraying area when equipped with an spraying area when equipped with an inter-inter-
locked ventilation system that can:locked ventilation system that can:
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
Thoroughly ventilate the drying space Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before the heating system can be before the heating system can be
started.started. Maintain a safe atmosphere at any Maintain a safe atmosphere at any
sourcesource of ignition.of ignition. Automatically shut down the heating Automatically shut down the heating system in the event of failure of the system in the event of failure of the
venti-venti- ating system.ating system.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
Permitted Alternate UsePermitted Alternate Use
Automobile refinishing spray booths that Automobile refinishing spray booths that areare
otherwise in full conformity with this otherwise in full conformity with this standardstandard
may be alternately used for drying with may be alternately used for drying with port-port-
able infrared drying apparatus under the able infrared drying apparatus under the
following conditions:following conditions:
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
Interiors of spray areas must be kept Interiors of spray areas must be kept freefree
of overspray deposits.of overspray deposits. During spraying operations, the dryingDuring spraying operations, the drying apparatus and electrical connections forapparatus and electrical connections for wiring cannot be located in the spray wiring cannot be located in the spray
en-en- closure or in any other location where closure or in any other location where
sprayspray residues may be deposited on the dryingresidues may be deposited on the drying apparatus or electrical connections.apparatus or electrical connections.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
The spraying and drying apparatus The spraying and drying apparatus and theand the
ventilation system of the spray ventilation system of the spray enclosureenclosure
must be equipped with suitable must be equipped with suitable interlocksinterlocks
so that:so that: 1. 1. The spraying apparatus can’t be The spraying apparatus can’t be
operated while the drying operated while the drying apparatus is in the spray enclosure.apparatus is in the spray enclosure.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSDRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUS
2. The spray enclosure will be purged 2. The spray enclosure will be purged ofof
spray vapors for a period of not less spray vapors for a period of not less
than 3 minutes before the dryingthan 3 minutes before the drying
apparatus can be energized.apparatus can be energized.
3. The ventilating system will maintain 3. The ventilating system will maintain aa
safe atmosphere within the safe atmosphere within the enclosureenclosure
during the drying process during the drying process and the and the
drying apparatus will drying apparatus will automaticallyautomatically
shut off in the event of shut off in the event of the failure of the failure of
the ventilating system.the ventilating system.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSDRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUS
All electrical wiring and equipment must con-All electrical wiring and equipment must con-
form to the requirements of Subpart S (Elec-form to the requirements of Subpart S (Elec-
trical). Only equipment approved for Class I,trical). Only equipment approved for Class I,
Division 2 hazardous locations can be locatedDivision 2 hazardous locations can be located
within 18 inches of the floor level. All metallic within 18 inches of the floor level. All metallic
parts shall be properly electrically bonded parts shall be properly electrically bonded andand
grounded.grounded.
DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION DRYING, CURING, OR FUSION APPARATUSAPPARATUS
The drying apparatus shall contain a The drying apparatus shall contain a prom-prom-
inently located, permanently attached inently located, permanently attached warningwarning
sign stating that ventilation should be sign stating that ventilation should be main-main-
tained during the drying period and that tained during the drying period and that
spraying should not be conducted so thatspraying should not be conducted so that
spray will deposit on apparatus.spray will deposit on apparatus.
Automobile Undercoating in GaragesAutomobile Undercoating in Garages
Automobile undercoating spray operations Automobile undercoating spray operations inin
garages that have adequate ventilation aregarages that have adequate ventilation are
exempt from the requirements pertaining exempt from the requirements pertaining toto
spray finishing operations when using spray finishing operations when using under-under-
coating materials not any more hazardous coating materials not any more hazardous
than kerosene or using only solvents than kerosene or using only solvents having ahaving a
flash point of greater than 100flash point of greater than 100oo..
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
Electrical and other sources of ignition.Electrical and other sources of ignition.
Electrical equipment and other sources ofElectrical equipment and other sources of
ignition must conform to both this sectionignition must conform to both this section
and to Subpart S.and to Subpart S.
Exhaust ventilation must be sufficient toExhaust ventilation must be sufficient to
maintain the atmosphere below the lowestmaintain the atmosphere below the lowest
explosive limits for the materials beingexplosive limits for the materials being
applied.applied.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
All nondeposited air-suspended All nondeposited air-suspended powderspowders
must be safely removed by exhaust must be safely removed by exhaust ductsducts
to the powder recovery cyclone or re-to the powder recovery cyclone or re-
ceptacle.ceptacle.
Powders shall not b released to the Powders shall not b released to the out-out-
side atmosphere.side atmosphere.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
The provisions of the Standard for ovensThe provisions of the Standard for ovens and furnaces, NFPA No. 86A-1969 shalland furnaces, NFPA No. 86A-1969 shall apply to drying, curing, or fusion apply to drying, curing, or fusion
quipmnt.quipmnt.
All areas shall be kept free of accumu-All areas shall be kept free of accumu- lations of powder coating dusts.lations of powder coating dusts.
Surfaces shall be cleaned in a manner to Surfaces shall be cleaned in a manner to avoidavoid
scattering dusts or creating dust clouds.scattering dusts or creating dust clouds.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
“ “No Smoking” signs in large No Smoking” signs in large areas on con-areas on con-
trasting color backgrounds trasting color backgrounds shall be shall be
conspicuously posted at all conspicuously posted at all powder coatingpowder coating
areas and powder storage areas and powder storage rooms.rooms.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Fixed Electrostatic Spraying EquipmentEquipment
Shall conform to requirements Shall conform to requirements of paragraphof paragraph
(h) and Subpart S.(h) and Subpart S.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
Electrostatic Hand Spraying Electrostatic Hand Spraying EquipmentEquipment
Shall conform to the Shall conform to the requirements ofrequirements of
paragraph (i) and Subpart S.paragraph (i) and Subpart S.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
Electrostatic Fluidized BedsElectrostatic Fluidized Beds
Shall be of approved typs.Shall be of approved typs. Maximum surface temperature of this eq-Maximum surface temperature of this eq-
ment in the coating area must not exceedment in the coating area must not exceed
150150oo F. F. High voltage circuits may not produce aHigh voltage circuits may not produce a
spark of sufficient intensity to ignite anyspark of sufficient intensity to ignite any
powder-air mixtures.powder-air mixtures.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
All electrical portions of the equipmentAll electrical portions of the equipment with the exception of the charging elec-with the exception of the charging elec- trodes and their power supply trodes and their power supply
connectionsconnections shall be located outside of the powdershall be located outside of the powder coating area.coating area.
All electrically conductive objects withinAll electrically conductive objects within the charging influence of the electrodesthe charging influence of the electrodes shall be adequately grounded. Warning shall be adequately grounded. Warning
signssigns shall be displayed.shall be displayed.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
Objects being coated must be in Objects being coated must be in contactcontact
with the conveyor or other support to with the conveyor or other support to in-in-
sure proper grounding. Hangers shall sure proper grounding. Hangers shall bebe
regularly cleaned to insure effective regularly cleaned to insure effective con-con-
tact and areas of contact shall be tact and areas of contact shall be sharpsharp
points or knife edges where possible.points or knife edges where possible.
POWDER COATINGPOWDER COATING
The electrical system shall be The electrical system shall be interlockedinterlocked
with the ventilation system so with the ventilation system so that thethat the
equipment cannot be operated equipment cannot be operated unless theunless the
ventilation fans are in ventilation fans are in operation.operation.
ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUALORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL
COMPONENT COATINGCOMPONENT COATING
All spraying operations involving the All spraying operations involving the use ofuse of
organic peroxides and other dual organic peroxides and other dual com-com-
ponent coatings shall be conducted inponent coatings shall be conducted in
approved sprinklered spray booths approved sprinklered spray booths thatthat
meet the requirements of this meet the requirements of this section.section.
ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUALORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUALCOMPONENT COATINGCOMPONENT COATING
Smoking shall be prohibited and “NoSmoking shall be prohibited and “No Smoking” signs shall be prominently Smoking” signs shall be prominently
dis-dis- played.played.
Only nonsparking tools shall be used Only nonsparking tools shall be used inin
any area where orgaic peroxides are any area where orgaic peroxides are stored,stored,
mixed, or applied.mixed, or applied.
RFERENCESRFERENCES
(1) NFPA 33, Standard for Spray (1) NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Application
Using Flammable or Combustible Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, 2000 EditionMaterials, 2000 Edition
(2) TECH Bulletin: Spray Booths, (2) TECH Bulletin: Spray Booths,
Frankenmuth InsuranceFrankenmuth Insurance
(3) NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and (3) NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and
Furnaces, 2000 Edition (Update of Furnaces, 2000 Edition (Update of 86A-1969)86A-1969)