Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training...
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Transcript of Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training...
![Page 1: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it
Tom WolfAgriMetrix Research and Training
Saskatoon, SK
[email protected]@Nozzle_Guy
Pesticide Applicator CertificationFor: Professional Development Solutions
![Page 2: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Drift – The Ambassador of Spraying
![Page 3: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Application Goals
3 Es of Pesticide
ApplicationEffectiveEfficientEnvironmentalNorman Morgan
![Page 4: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Airborne movement of droplets or vapours
from the treated area
Airborne movement of droplets or vapours
from the treated area
Spray Drift
Droplet drift usually occurs within minutes of the application, vapour
drift can occur minutes or days after application
Droplet drift usually occurs within minutes of the application, vapour
drift can occur minutes or days after application
![Page 5: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
On-Swath Deposit
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Med Coarse Fine Med X. Coarse
XR80-03 AIXR110-025 XR110-04 XR110-05 DR110-05
On
-sw
ath
de
po
sit
(% o
f ap
plie
d) Low boom
Slow speedHigh boomFast speed
![Page 6: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
5-120 m5 m2 m
1.7%
5%82%
100%
0.3%
Drift Spray Accountancy
On Target Off Target
1 m
10% 1%
![Page 7: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
45 M kg x 80% sprayed x 1.7% airborne loss
=
612,000 kg
The Size of the Problem
![Page 8: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Drift Patterns
![Page 9: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 50 100 150
Distance (m)
Deposit
(%
of em
itte
d)
Deposit Patterns
![Page 10: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Drift Causes
![Page 13: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Small Droplet
sWind Drift!
![Page 14: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Droplet drift
Wind speed
Atmospheric turbulence- thermal- mechanical
Droplet size
Droplet velocity- sprayer type- pressure
Initial size- sprayer type- nozzle type, size- pressure- formulation
Rate of evaporation- temperature- RH
Transit time- velocity- boom height
Factors Involved in Spray Drift
![Page 15: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What Causes Drift?
Low Energy
Exposure to Force Movement
![Page 16: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Strategy
Low Energy
• Increase size• Increase velocity
• e.g. low drift nozzles, air assist
Exposure to Force
• Protect• Decrease
exposure time• e.g. shrouds, low
booms, slow travel
![Page 17: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Areas of unequal pressure create vortices which remove small droplets from the spray
cloud
![Page 20: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nozzle selection Sprayer settings
Focus is droplet size and boom height
Reducing the Problem
![Page 21: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dri
ft P
oten
tial
0
10
20
30
40
50
ER
8003
DR
8003
80015
8003
8006
8003
11003
SR
8003
20 psi
40 psi
75 psi
NozzleType
FlowRate
FanAngle
SprayPressure
Drift Potential
![Page 22: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Droplet Size Distributions
028.57143
48.3965
68.22157
88.04665
107.87172
127.69679
147.52187
167.34694
187.17201
206.99709
226.82216
246.64723
266.47231
286.29738
306.12245
325.94753
345.7726
365.59767
385.42275
405.24782
425.07289
444.89797
464.72304
484.54811
504.37319
524.19826
544.02333
563.84841
583.67348
603.49855
623.32363
643.1487
662.97377
682.79885
702.62392
722.44899
742.27407
762.09914
781.92421
801.74928
821.57436
841.39943
861.2245
881.04958
900.87465
920.69972
940.5248
960.34987
980.17494
1000.00002
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
ER11006 40 psi
SR11006 40 psi
Droplet diameter (µm)
Vo
lum
e
![Page 23: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spray Quality
![Page 24: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Field Tests
![Page 25: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Flexi-Coil Field Sprayer
XR8003, 40 psi AI110025, 58 psi
Application volume = 100 L/haTravel speed = 13 km/h
![Page 26: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Medium
![Page 27: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
VeryCoarse
![Page 28: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Field SprayerTravel speed 13.0 km/h, Application volume 100 L/ha
Wind speed (km/h)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Air
bo
rne
dri
ft A
t 5
m (
% o
f em
itte
d)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
XR8003y = -0.85 + 0.18 xr2 = 0.79
AI110025y = -0.16 + 0.04 xr2 = 0.72
![Page 29: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TT11005, 40 psi AI11004, 64 psi
Gregson High-Clearance SprayerGregson High-Clearance Sprayer
Application volume = 100 L/haTravel speed = 22.5 km/h
![Page 30: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
High ClearanceTravel speed 22.5 km/h, Application volume 100 L/ha
Wind speed (km/h)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Air
bo
rne
dri
ft A
t 5
m (
% o
f em
itte
d)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
TT11005y = -0.46 + 0.16 xr2 = 0.97
AI11004y = 0.46 + 0.05 xr2 = 0.76
![Page 31: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Boom Height
Drift potential doubles for higher boom Use auto boom-height controller
![Page 32: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
“Auto-Boom”
![Page 33: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Reduced Spray Pressure?
Conventional flat fans 20 - 40 psi
Pre-orifice 30 - 50 psi
Air-Induced 40 – 60 psi (low-pressure
type) 60 – 80 psi (high
pressure type)
Ensure that patterns are optimal
![Page 34: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Droplet Velocity (Energy)
![Page 35: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Droplet Velocity Distributions
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Droplet diameter (µm)
Velo
cit
y
![Page 36: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Principle of HARDI TWIN air assistance
![Page 38: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Air Off Air On
![Page 40: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Drift- at various wind speeds(data from Hardi)
1.5 3 4.5 8.50.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
100 l/ha, 4110-12, 2,5 bar, 7,7 km/h.
Conv.
Air Assist
Wind velocity, m/s
% d
rift
![Page 41: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Little Drift Lots of Drift
![Page 42: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Courtesy of Paul Miller, SRI
Models and Regulations
![Page 44: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
New Buffer Zone Label Language
Untreated (Buffer Zone)
20 mConventional application
15 mLow-drift application
untreated
5 mVery low-drift application
untreated
![Page 45: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
“Do not apply with spray droplets smaller than ASAE medium classification”
“…When using a shroud, BZ can be reduced by 70%...”
![Page 46: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
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Buffer Zone Calculator
![Page 48: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
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http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pest/agri-commerce/drift-
derive/index-eng.php
![Page 55: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
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Atmospheric Conditions
Courtesy George Ramsey, DuPont
![Page 58: Spray Drift – What causes it and how to avoid it Tom Wolf AgriMetrix Research and Training Saskatoon, SK agrimetrix@gmail.com @Nozzle_Guy Pesticide Applicator.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551a4d63550346a4248b5f83/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Daily Wind Pattern
Time of day (h)
Win
d s
pe
ed a
t 1
m h
eig
ht
(m/s
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
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Mechanical Turbulence
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Thermal Turbulence
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Unstable (Desirable normal daytime conditions)
Stable(inversion)
Spray cloud disperses, moving upward and downwind
Spray cloud hangs over treated area in high concentration
Warm Soil
Cold soil
Cold air - dense, still
Warm, still air
Inversion Conditions
Dispersion
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Hei
gh
t
TemperatureH
eig
ht
Temperature
Unstable Stable (Inversion)
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3 pm 11 pm
Sunset10 pm
3 am 5 am
Sunrise5 am
7 am 8 am 9 am 3 pm
Temperature
Hei
ght
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3 pm 11 pm
Sunset10 pm
3 am 5 am
Sunrise5 am
7 am 8 am 9 am 3 pm
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Wind
Calm conditions not well suited for spraying unpredictable wind
direction
sometimes mistaken for inversions
Low, steady winds ideal Predictable direction
Dilution of spray cloud
High winds increase total loss, but do not always increase deposits
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Delta T (droplet evaporation)
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Most Important Factors Governing Drift
Trained, conscientious operator
Communication / Relationships
Weather Conditions Spray Quality Shrouds Boom Height Travel Speed