Spotted Wing Drosophila / Brown Marmorated Stink ... Spotted Wing Drosophila / Brown Marmorated...
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IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
1
Spotted Wing Drosophila / Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist
Grant Bolton Doctoral student
Spotted Wing Drosophila (a vinegar fruit fly)
Significance
Unlike other fruit flies, SWD attacks sound ripening fruit, also attacks some vegetables
Once eggs laid in fruit, no longer able to control with pesticides
Short lifecycle and overlapping generations make spray timing difficult
Requires sprays near harvest time
Requires multiple sprays which can lead to pesticide resistance
How to identify SWD
Serrated egg- laying structure
(ovipositor)
MALEFEMALEFlies with no dots on wings could be:
SWD females Native Drosophila
species
Need to detect presence of ovipositor
Ovipositing female SWD. Source: E. Beers, Washington State Univ.
1 female = 300 eggs 150 females = 45,000 eggs 22,500 females = almost 7 million eggs
The “1-2-3” IPM Approach for SWD
This and other SWD articles available at: http://ipm.missouri.edu/ipcm/ and http://www.LU-IPM.net
http://ipm.missouri.edu/ipcm/ http://www.lu-ipm.net/
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
2
(1) Monitoring
How to make a trap to monitor for SWD
14 gauge solid core wire
Melt 3/16” diameter holes in side of cup using a soldering iron
DON’T USE STICKY CARD!
1 quart deli-type container
Yeast bait recipe: ½ tablespoon active
dry yeast, 2 tablespoons sugar, 6
oz. water
Yeast / sugar bait: effective at trapping SWD
Traps indicate presence of SWD; but they do not indicate level of infestation (egg-laying in fruit)
Number of flies captures are not predicting potential for infestation
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Seasonal SWD captures in 2014 St. Peters, MO
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Seasonal SWD captures in 2014 Columbia, MO
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Seasonal SWD captures in 2014 Marshall, MO
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Columbia
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Marshall
Carver
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Seasonal SWD captures in 2014 Four locations (Carver = LU farm in JC) Monitoring Spotted
Wing Drosophila with Traps and Plant Volatiles
Grant Bolton Doctoral student
Advisors: Bruce Barrett and Jaime Piñero University of Missouri - Columbia
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
3
How many are using traps to monitor for SWD?
How many use a commercial lure?
How many use a homemade lure?
WHY?
Characteristics of a good trap
Easy to use
Cheap/affordable
Catches flies at least one week before infestation
Only catches SWD
Red and
black are
better
attractive
trap colors
An
alternative
‘Zorro’ trap
is red with
black stripe
Common bait is Apple Cider Vinegar or Yeast and Sugar mixture
A good commercial alternative for SWD monitoring is the SWD Pherocon lure (available at Great Lakes IPM)
Other commercial lures are available (e.g., Scentry, AlphaScents)
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
4
Fruit Based Lure
Developing an attractive lure based on fruit and leaf odors
Key component is a leaf odor from strawberries
Not only is it attractive to SWD, but it smells better than the commercial lure!
Tested 12
chemicals
individually
and then in
combination
β-cyclocitral (BC) Methyl Isovalerate (MI) Methyl Butyrate (MB) Butyl Acetate (BA) Isopentyl Acetate (IA) Ethyl Hexanoate (EH) Methyl Hexanoate (MH) Ethyl Acetate (EA) Hexyl Acetate (HA) Methyl Butyrate (MB) 2-Heptanone (2HN) 2-phenylethanol (2PE)
We were getting higher selectivity with fruit
based traps
Field trials coming soon!
Testing all 8 compounds along with commercial lure comparison
Alan T Busby Organic Farm– Jeff City, MO
Update on trapping… Attracticidal
Spheres
Use attractive red sphere with insecticide coating
Coupled with spraying could be effective IPM tool
Removing over-ripe fruit from production areas can minimize SWD egg laying and larval development
Growers in other regions of the country send pickers through fields with one container to collect good fruit and another container to collect over-ripe fruit
Sanitation
http://ucanr.ed u
(2) Cultural practices
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
5
For brambles, thin the plant row to 3-4 strong canes per square foot. This eliminates weaker shoots and opens the canopy
Consider a trellising system that similarly opens the canopy
The above may make plantings less attractive to SWD and will improve insecticide spray coverage
Canopy management
Photo credit: http://www.eandborchards.com
(3) Insecticides
MOST EFFECTIVE INSECTICIDES AGAINST SWD INCLUDE
ORGANOPHOSPHATES (2 OPTIONS LISTED)
CARBAMATES (2 OPTIONS LISTED)
PYREHTROIDS (3 OPTIONS LISTED)
SPINOSYNS (3 OPTIONS LISTED)
ANTHRANILIC DIAMIDE (1 OPTION LISTED)
Choose / use insecticides wisely
Effective and safest options
to minimize impact to non-
targets
F = fair G = good E = excellent
The alternate row middle method involves skipping an alley so that only one side of each plant row is treated.
During the next application, the spray equipment travels down these skipped alleys and treats the previously non-sprayed side of the rows so that, after two temporally separated applications, both sides of each planting row are treated.
Alternate row middle and border sprays provide control of SWD similar to complete spray applications, thereby showing that reduced spray application strategies are important management tools for this pest.
For use with spray equipment
Reduced spray treatments against SWD resulted in higher numbers of natural enemies and lowered input costs.
Reduced spray strategies may be implemented in low-risk situations and perhaps integrated with other non- insecticide pest management tools
Microbial-based insecticide.
Spinosad is a fast-acting, somewhat broad-spectrum material that acts on the insect primarily through ingestion, or by direct contact with a spray droplet or a newly treated surface.
Cost: ca. $ 400 per quart.
Spinosad residues on the leaf surface are be broken down by sunlight. Half-lives for spinosyn A are 1.6 to 16 days depending
on the amount of sunlight receivedEntrust: One of the most effective OMRI-listed products against SWD
Organic (OMRI-listed) options
Pyrethrins are natural-botanical insecticides found in daisy-like Chrysanthemum flowers.
Pyrethrins are contact poisons which quickly penetrate the nerve system of the insect.
Cost: Ca. $510 for 1 gallon
Organic (OMRI-listed) options
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
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Spinetoram is a new chemical in the spinosyn class of insecticides
It is a semi-synthetic spinosyn (not for certified orga