Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine Environmental Special Edition - Volume 1
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SPECIAL EDITION – ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUME 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPOTLIGHT ON APPLICATIONS. FOR A BETTER TOMORROW.
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Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face in your application areas today. This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Water, Air, Soil/Hazardous Waste testing which you will be able to access at your convenience. Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
Transcript of Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine Environmental Special Edition - Volume 1
SPECIAL EDITION – ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUME 1
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SPOTLIGHTON APPLICATIONS.FOR A BETTERTOMORROW.
PerkinElmer
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INTRODUCTION
PerkinElmer Spotlight on Applications e-Zine – Environmental Special Edition
Welcome to our Spotlight on Applications e-zine. Whether you’ve experienced Spotlight on Applications in the past or are hearing about it for the first time, we want to share with you this special edition, dedicated to recent application releases within Environmental Testing.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face in your application areas today.
This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Water, Air, and Soil/Hazardous Waste Testing, which you will be able to access at your convenience. Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
We invite you to explore, enjoy and learn!
And don’t miss out – if you subscribe, you will automatically receive new volumes as they are released.
Be sure to receive future issues by subscribing here.
PerkinElmer
CONTENTS
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Water Testing – Inorganic Contaminants• The Analysis of Drinking Waters by U.S. EPA Method 200.8 Using the NexION 300X ICP-MS in Standard and Collision Modes
• Benefits of NexION 300 ICP-MS Technology for the Analysis of Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewaters
• Environmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
• NexION 300 ICP-MS at South West Water – Driving Productivity and Increasing the Speed of Analysis
• Analysis of NIST® Gold Nanoparticles Reference Materials Using the NexION 300 ICP-MS in Single Particle Mode
• Colorado School of Mines Uses a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to Obtain a Better Understanding of the Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials
• Trace Metals in Waters by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, in Accordance with U.S. EPA and Health Canada Requirements
• Determination of Arsenic, Selenium and Mercury in Waters by Hydride Generation/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Water Testing – Organic Contaminants• The Determination of Low Level Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in Drinking Water by Headspace Trap-GC/MS
• Improved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
• Determination of Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples with Spectrum Two
• Methane, Ethylene, and Ethane in Water by Headspace-Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection
• Atrazine in Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in River Water Samples by UHPLC-TOF
• Personal Care Products in River Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Carbamates in river water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
Air Testing• Ozone Precursor Analysis Using a Thermal Desorption-GC System
Soil & Hazardous Waste Testing• Insecticide on Mosquito Nets by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Environmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
• Improved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
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Introduction
Method 200.8 is a well-established method promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the analysis of ground waters, surface waters, drinking waters, and wastewaters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was first published in 1990 to support the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR), which specified
maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for 12 primary elemental contaminants in public water systems as part of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1986. There have been many iterations of Method 200.8, including the addition of 9 secondary contaminants under the National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWR). These 21 elements, along with suggested analytical masses, are shown in Table 1. The version in use today is Revision 5.4 of the Method, which was approved for drinking water in 1994 and became effective in January, 1995.3 In addition, Method 200.8 was also recommended in 1992 for the monitoring of wastewaters under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to control the discharge of pollutants into navigable water systems, as part of the amended Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1977.4 It was approved on a nation-wide basis for this matrix in 2007.
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D. Senior ICP-MS Application Scientist
Cynthia P. Bosnak Senior Product Specialist
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
The Analysis of Drinking Waters by U.S. EPA Method 200.8 Using the NexION 300X ICP-MS in Standard and Collision Modes
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Introduction
One of the most widely used technologies for removing pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, from flue gas emissions produced by coal-fired power plants, is the limestone-forced oxidation scrubbing system. More commonly known as flue gas desulfurization (FGD), this process employs gas scrubbers to spray limestone
slurry over the flue gas to convert gaseous sulfur dioxide to calcium sulfate.1 Unfortunately, many of the contaminants from the coal, limestone and make-up water are concentrated in the circulating water of the scrubbing system. So in order to maintain appropriate plant operating conditions, a constant purge stream of water containing these contaminants has to be discharged from the scrubbers while fresh limestone slurry is fed in. This purge stream is extremely acidic and saturated with high concentrations of gypsum, heavy metals, alkali earth metals, chlorides and dissolved organic compounds. A schematic of a typical FGD process is shown in Figure 1.
Benefits of NexION 300 ICP-MS Technology for the Analysis of Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewaters
Figure 1. The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process.
slurry sprayers
wastewater
various treatment procedures
treated effluent to discharge
gypsum cake
dewatering vacuum belt
flue gas exhaust
slurry purge
flue gas inlet
limestone slurry inlet
air injection
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Stan Smith
Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D.
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
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Environmental Resource Associates (ERA) adds a NexION 300Q to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means of evaluating a laboratory's performance under controlled conditions relative to a given set of criteria through the analysis of unknown samples provided by an external source. Many organizations that manage proficiency-testing studies are also responsible for producing the certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe. However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.
One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination
Case study
Environmental
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Case study Environmental
Driving Productivity and Increasing the Speed of Analysis
South West Water is responsible for maintaining and monitoring the quality of drinking and bathing waters and the sewage
system network in a region of England. They do this effectively through a central analytical facility. In early 2010, as part of the rolling replacement programme, the ICP-MS instrument was identified as due for renewal. The analytical team were looking for an instrument that could be relied upon to have minimum downtime and be a workhorse for high sample throughput; but also offer flexibility to adapt to changing business requirements and complete investigative work if required. After the evaluation of the top three suppliers, the NexION® 300 ICP-MS from PerkinElmer was selected. The flexibility offered by NexION having both a collision and dynamic reaction cell ensures that the lab is future proofed. Being fully prepared to handle any changes in sample matrices and still benefit from sensitive, reproducible results day in day out.
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Introduction
Engineered nanomaterials (ENs) refer to the process of producing and/or controlling materials that have at least one dimension in the size range of 1 to 100 nm. They often possess different properties compared to bulk materials of the same composition, making them of great interest to a broad spectrum of industrial and commercial applications.
Recent studies have shown that some nanoparticles may be harmful to humans. A 2009 study in the Journal of Nanoparticle Research showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles were toxic to human lung cells in lab tests even at low concentrations (Weisheng et al., 2009).1 Other studies have shown that tiny silver particles (15 nanometers) killed liver and brain cells in laboratory rats. At the nano scale, particles are more chemically reactive and bioactive, allowing them to easily penetrate organs and cells (Braydich-Stolle et. al., 2005).2
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Chady Stephan, Ph.D.
Aaron Hineman
PerkinElmer, Inc. Woodbridge, Ontario CAN
Analysis of NIST® Gold Nanoparticles Reference Materials Using the NexION 300 ICP-MS in Single Particle Mode
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Colorado School of Mines Uses a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to Obtain a Better Understanding of the Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials
There is an unprecedented amount of scientific research going on today dedicated to the study of a world so small, we cannot see it even with a conventional microscope. That world is the field of nanotechnology – the realm of atoms and nanostructures. But what actually is nanotechnology? The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as the study of materials with dimensions <100 nm, where unique properties enable novel applications to be carried out. For example, gases, liquids, and
solids can exhibit unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale level, differing in critical ways from the properties of the bulk materials. Nanomaterials occur in nature, such as clay minerals and humic acids, but they can also be produced by human activity such as diesel emissions, or welding fumes. In addition, nanomaterials
Case study
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
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Introduction
Several trace elements are recognized as toxic or carcinogenic and are regulated in drinking water by various environmental agencies worldwide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Safe Drinking Water Act includes maximum levels permitted in drinking water for the elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and thallium (Tl). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Canada also have limits on these elements in drinking water (Table 1). Water
contamination sources can range from naturally occurring deposits exposed from erosion, to agriculture and industrial discharges. There can also be direct contamination from: Pb used in plumbing fixtures, Cd found in galvanized pipes, and electronics manufacturing discharges for Tl.
Precise and accurate measurements at the regulated levels are an important factor for assuring safe drinking water. U.S. EPA Method 200.91 is the method cited by EPA, Health Canada, and the WHO for the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). In evaluating a GFAAS system for determination of these elements, it must provide good sensitivity, low noise, limited drift, and accuracy in matrices with high salt content (hard water) that might be found in drinking waters. In this work, the PinAAcle™ 900T, with a unique optical system, is evaluated for the use of EPA Method 200.9 for As, Cd, Pb, Se, and Tl in drinking waters.
Atomic Absorption
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Author:
Randy L. Hergenreder
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Trace Metals in Waters by GFAAS, in Accordance with U.S. EPA and Health Canada Requirements
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Introduction
Contamination of industrial and municipal water supplies with arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) can occur from natural deposits, industrial discharge, runoff from mining, landfill and agricultural operations. Consumption of contaminated water can cause skin damage (As), kidney and nervous system damage (Hg) and numbness in the fingers and toes (Se).1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) have guidelines on the concen-tration of As, Se and Hg for the protection of marine
and freshwater aquatic life and the protection of agriculture.1,2 Due to the low levels of these guidelines for As, Se, and Hg, it is important to have analytical measurements that are precise and accurate with low amounts of noise.
Hydride generation (HG) is a very effective analytical technique developed to separate hydride forming metals, such as Se and As, from a range of matrices and varying acid concentrations. The heated quartz tube atomizer is particularly useful for the determination of arsenic and selenium because the absorption wavelengths for these elements are below 200 nm in an area subject to intense interference from flame radicals that can significantly affect detection limits. Mercury can be easily reduced in solution to generate elemental mercury, otherwise known as cold vapor (CV). This technique is also effective at separating mercury from a range of matrices. These analytical techniques can improve detection limits by a factor of approximately 3000 times that of flame detection limits and typically have less interference than graphite furnace techniques.
Atomic Absorption
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Author
Aaron Hineman
PerkinElmer, Inc. Ontario, Canada
Determination of As, Se and Hg in Waters by Hydride Generation/ Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
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Introduction
BTEX is a grouping of structurally similar volatile organic compounds including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the three xylene isomers. These compounds are known pollutants and are typically found near petroleum production and storage sites. BTEX are regulated toxic compounds while benzene is also an EPA target carcinogen. The investigation of these compounds, especially in drinking water at low levels, is critical to protect public health. This application note focuses
on exceeding the current EPA detection limit requirement for BTEX while meeting and/or exceeding all other criteria in EPA method 524.2 for these analytes.
Instrumentation
A PerkinElmer® TurboMatrix™ Headspace (HS) sample handling system was used to volatilize and concentrate BTEX in water samples. To enhance detection limits, an inline trap was employed, which focused these analytes prior to injection onto the analytical column. A PerkinElmer Clarus® SQ 8S Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) configured with the standard capacity turbo molecular pump was the analytical system used.
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Author
Lee Marotta
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA
The Determination of Low Level Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in Drinking Water by Headspace Trap GC/MS
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Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging method employed in nearly all commercial environmental laboratories. The analysis focuses on the detection of trace level semi-volatile organic compounds in extracts from solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water samples. The method lists over 200 compounds however a majority of laboratories target between 60 and 90 for most analyses. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands. An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™ detector.
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Yury Kaplan
Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Improved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic Compound Analysis
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Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) is one of the most common environmental applications for GC/MS. This method outlines the analysis of volatile organic compounds in a variety of solid waste matrices including vari-ous air sampling trapping media, ground and surface water, soils, and sediments among others. The method requires not
only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.
Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar, Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Ruben Garnica
Dawn May
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8
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Introduction
The concentration of dispersed oil and grease in water is an important parameter for human and environmental health. Infrared spectroscopy has long been a standard method for detecting and quantifying hydrocarbon contamination, particularly in water discharged during offshore oil operations.1
Recently, this analytical technique has enjoyed renewed interest and application to a wider range of environmental samples and matrices, from cooling water, to soil in land reclamation, to drinking water; at the same time, concern over the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon solvents has led to the development of a number of alternative approaches using less harmful solvents. This application note presents an overview of three methods and a comparison of their performance:
1. Halogenated solvent extraction and transmission measurement (C–H stretch modes), e.g. ASTM® D7066. This is the traditional approach, but requires the use of relatively expensive solvents that may be harmful.
2. Hexane extraction and ATR measurement allows the use of an inexpensive hydrocarbon solvent, but does not permit the measurement of volatile contaminants.
3. Cyclohexane extraction and transmission measurement (1377 cm-1) exploits a deformation mode that is not present in the spectra of cycloalkanes (see Figure 1), and combines the simplicity of a transmission measurement with a hydrocarbon solvent.2
All three of these methods are supported by the Spectrum Two Environmental Hydrocarbons Analysis System (Figure 2), with the appropriate sampling accessory. This note evaluates the three methods and discusses their relative advantages.
FT-IR Spectroscopy
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t E
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples with Spectrum Two
Authors
Ben Perston
Aniruddha Pisal
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA
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Introduction
The rapid development of natural gas from unconventional sources in North America has created an energy “gold rush” not seen in contemporary times. The advent of horizontal drilling technologies and hydraulic fracturing has made this production economical and presents an energy source of sufficient magnitude that could last 100 years.
The technology presents a number of environmental challenges as the wells are drilled vertically through aquifers on their way to the deep shale deposits thousands of feet under the surface, and then turned horizontally and drilled another several thousand feet through the shale deposit. Herein lies the challenge: in the process of drilling the wells and preparing them for production (including “fracking” to optimize production), opportunities arise for contamination of the clean drinking water aquifers with methane and other low molecular weight organics (e.g., propane and ethane). Correctly drilled and cemented well bores should not be an issue, but any errors in engineering could result in contamination.
It is also possible that methane already exists at a low concentration in the aquifer from diffusion of the gas occurring naturally. There is a need (by property owner and lease holder) to confirm the level of gas in the aquifer before and during drilling, and also after the well is placed into production.
Methane, Ethylene, and Ethane in Water by Headspace-Gas Chromatography (HS-GC) with Flame Ionization Detection (FID)
Gas Chromatography
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Lee Marotta
Dennis Yates
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
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TOF MS
Direct Sample analySiS
Environmental: Atrazine in water
Results in seconds
Increased sensitivity
Confirms water safety
• DSA-TOFanalysisof2uLofwateronameshconfirmspresenceofatrazinewithamassaccuracy<1ppm
• Theanalysiswasperformedin15secondswithnosamplepreparationandexternalcalibration
• UseofTrapPulse™modeincreasessensitivity8foldandgivesgreatermassaccuracy
• Thepesticideatrazineisacontaminantofsurfaceanddrinkingwater
• Themaximumlevelofatrazineinwaterhasbeensetas0.003mg/L
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
copyright ©2012 perkinelmer, inc. all rights reserved. perkinelmer® is a registered trademark of perkinelmer, inc. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 010080_01
PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter Street Waltham, ma 02451 USa p: (800) 762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602www.perkinelmer.com
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Introduction
Identifying the presence of emerging pollutants in surface water samples is a growing area of concern in the environ-mental field.1,2 Many of these pollutants are introduced into the surface waters anthropogenically through municipal waste water. Among the emerging pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected at parts per million and parts per trillion concentrations in surface waters. The presence of PPCPs suggests inefficient removal of these compounds by current sewage treatment processes.
We present a study of PPCPs in river water samples from the northeastern United States using UHPLC-TOF-MS for both targeted and non-targeted analytes. Unlike a triple quadrupole, which is operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode for screening only predefined targeted analytes, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer provides full spectrum accurate mass data that can be used to analyze and identify an unlimited number of compounds, without prior knowledge of target analytes or when reference standards are not available. In this study we show how high mass accuracy information provided by the PerkinElmer AxION 2® TOF along with the priopriatory AxION EC ID software can be used to identify unknown analytes in surface river waters.
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Author
Sharanya Reddy
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in River Water Samples by UHPLC-TOF
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TOF MS
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
Copyright ©2012 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 010103_01
PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter Street Waltham, MA 02451 USA P: (800) 762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602www.perkinelmer.com
DIrECt SAMPlE AnAlySIS
No complex method development
Comprehensive analysis
Ensures water quality
• 10ppbspikedriversamplessimplyfiltered,10mMammoniumformateadded,andpipettedontoamesh
• DSA-TOFanalysisconfirmspresenceofpersonalcareproductsandpesticides,withhighmassaccuracy
• Theanalysiswasperformedin15secondswithminimalsamplepreparationandexternalcalibration
• Personalcareproductsposearisingconcernasacontaminantinpostwatertreatmentriverwaters
• ExistingprotocolsrequirelengthySPEworkupfollowedbyLC,LC/MSorGC/MSanalysis
Environmental: Personal care products in river water
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Download Entire Application Brief
TOF MS
Direct Sample analySiS
Environmental: Carbamates in river water
No complex method development
Fast, accurate mass
Ensures water quality
• DSA-TOFanalysisconfirmspresenceofcarbamates,withhighmassaccuracy
• Theanalysiswasperformedin15secondswithnosamplepreparationandexternalcalibration
• 10ppbspikedriversamplessimplyfilteredandpipettedontoamesh
• Carbamatesareknowncontaminantsofriverwater,EPAmaximumconcentrationof10ug/L
• ExistingprotocolsrequirelengthySPEworkupfollowedbyLC,LC/MSorGC/MSanalysis
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
copyright ©2012 perkinelmer, inc. all rights reserved. perkinelmer® is a registered trademark of perkinelmer, inc. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 010082_01
PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter Street Waltham, ma 02451 USa p: (800) 762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602www.perkinelmer.com
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Download Entire White Paper
Whitepaper Gas Chromatography
Authors
Graham Broadway
Andrew Tipler
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
In the United States, the Clean Air Act of 1970 gave the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) responsibility for maintaining clean air for health and welfare. Six parameters are measured routinely in ambient air: SOx, NOx, PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns), Pb, CO and ozone. In the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, Title 1 expanded the measurements in air to include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to the formation
of ground-level ozone. These parameters are measured in urban areas that do not meet the attainment goals for ozone, as shown in Figure 1. These measurements are implemented through a program known as Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS).
This program has been in place in the U.S. for a number of years, and in 2008 the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ground-Level Ozone was reduced to 0.075 ppm for an 8-hour period.1 The U.S. EPA predicts that a large number of counties will violate the 2008 standard2 (Figure 1). Similar recommendations have also been made in Europe. Following the 1992 Ozone Directive and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s protocol on controlling VOC emissions, a European ozone precursor priority list was established by Kotzias et al.3 and subsequently modified by the EC 2002/3/CE directive.
Ozone Precursor Analysis Using a Thermal Desorption- GC System
Figure 1. Areas expected to violate the 2008 Ozone Standard.
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TOF MS
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
Copyright ©2012 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 010079_01
PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter Street Waltham, MA 02451 USA P: (800) 762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602www.perkinelmer.com
DIrECt SAMPlE AnAlySIS
Environmental: Insecticide on mosquito nets
Results in seconds
Assures product authenticity
Protects consumers
• DSA-TOFanalysisofanetsectionconfirmspresenceofdeltamethrinattherequiredleveltobeeffective
• Theanalysiswasperformedin15secondswithnosamplepreparationandexternalcalibration
• ExistingprotocolsrequireextractionfollowedbyHPLCorGC/MSanalysis
• DeltamethrinisaWHOapprovedinsecticidefortreatmentofmosquitonets
• Treatednetscommandahigherpricebutsomesuppliersomittheinsecticide
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Download Entire Case Study
Environmental Resource Associates (ERA) adds a NexION 300Q to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means of evaluating a laboratory's performance under controlled conditions relative to a given set of criteria through the analysis of unknown samples provided by an external source. Many organizations that manage proficiency-testing studies are also responsible for producing the certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe. However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.
One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination
Case study
Environmental
Download Entire Application Note
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Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging method employed in nearly all commercial environmental laboratories. The analysis focuses on the detection of trace level semi-volatile organic compounds in extracts from solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water samples. The method lists over 200 compounds however a majority of laboratories target between 60 and 90 for most analyses. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands. An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™ detector.
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Yury Kaplan
Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Improved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic Compound Analysis
Download Entire Application Note
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Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) is one of the most common environmental applications for GC/MS. This method outlines the analysis of volatile organic compounds in a variety of solid waste matrices including vari-ous air sampling trapping media, ground and surface water, soils, and sediments among others. The method requires not
only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.
Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar, Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e
Authors
Ruben Garnica
Dawn May
PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA
Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8
PerkinElmer, Inc.940 Winter StreetWaltham, MA 02451 USAP: (800) 762-4000 or(+1) 203-925-4602www.perkinelmer.com
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
Copyright ©2012, PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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