Sports conditions,injuries and prevention Suzanne Younger.
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Transcript of Sports conditions,injuries and prevention Suzanne Younger.
Sports conditions,injuries and prevention
Suzanne Younger
Who has had a fracture?.....
What is a Fracture?
• A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone or a loss of continuity in the substance of a bone
Clinical sigFracturesf a fracture
• A deformity that can be seen or felt
• Pain on stressing the limb
• Abnormal movement in a limb due to movement at site
• Crepitus or grating between bone ends
• Impaired function
• Swelling at the fracture site
• Tenderness at site
Fractures
Causes of fractures• Direct trauma– caused by external forces which exceed the
strength of the bone.
– direct violence e.g. RTA, a blow
or
• Indirect trauma– Fracture results from twisting or rotational
forces being applied to the bone
–e.g football studs planted, rotation force applied to the limb resulting in spiral of the tibia
or
• Pathological fracture– bone is already weakened or diseased
– fracture because the bone’s internal structure is weakened
• Stress fracture– Caused by repeated excessive loading of a bone, the
cumulative forces result in a break
Types of fracture:
• Classified by skin damage• Or shape of fracture • Or displacement
Classified by skin damage:
• Open: skin’s broken either by external force or internal one
• Closed: simple fracture
Fractures
Fractures
Classified by shape
• Shape of the fracture– Transverse or Horizontal –Oblique / Spiral–Comminuted (many small parts)–Crush–Greenstick - • children, bend in immature bone with a break
in cortices
What picture shows and Oblique Fracture?What picture shows a Transverse Fracture?
Classification by displacement:
–Undisplaced
–Displaced
– Impacted
– Stable
Comminuted displaced fracture of a femur
Stable undisplaced fracture of a radius:
Stages of fracture healing:
• Stage 1: Haematoma (0–2 wks)
• Stage 2: Cellular proliferation (2-6 wks)
• Stage 3: Callus formation• Stage 4: Consolidation stage (6-12 wks)
Ossification occurs 12 -26 wk callus matures
• Stage 5: Stage of remodelling (1-2 yrs)
Why do physios treat fractures?
• Aim to restore the patient to optimal functional state
• Prevent fracture and soft-tissue complications
• Get the fracture to heal, and in a position which will produce optimal functional recovery
• Rehabilitate the patient as early as possible
Who has had concussion?
Sports Concussion:
• Head injuries in sport are common in all contact sports, the vast majority are minor
• Common sports for these are:– Football– Boxing– Gymnastics– Horse riding – Martial arts
...impact from camogie stick
Causes:
• Direct blow to head, face, neck, or elsewhere on the body with force transmitted to the head
• Typically results in rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurological function that resolves spontaneously
• May or may not involve loss of consciousness
Symptoms:
• Headache• Dizziness• Unsteadiness• Feeling stunned or dazed• Seeing stars or flashing lights• Tinnitus• Double vision
• Sleepiness, sleep disturbance, • Poor concentration• Nausea/vomiting• Slurred speech• Personality change• Impaired playing ability