SPORTS AND TELEVISION. OVERVIEW SPORTS BROADCASTING ORIGINS SPORTS’ ROLE ON TV PROGRAMMING BOXING...
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Transcript of SPORTS AND TELEVISION. OVERVIEW SPORTS BROADCASTING ORIGINS SPORTS’ ROLE ON TV PROGRAMMING BOXING...
SPORTS AND TELEVISION
OVERVIEW SPORTS BROADCASTING ORIGINS SPORTS’ ROLE ON TV PROGRAMMING BOXING ERA, 1946-1962 ABC NEW STRATEGIES, 1960s COLOR TV AND PRO FOOTBALL MONDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL SPORT SHOWS – SPORT NETWORKS TV IMPACT ON SPORTS
SPORTS TV BROADCASTING ORIGINS 1939 NBC WXBS STATION EXPERIMENTAL
BROADCAST BASEBALL, TENNIS AND COLLEGE FOOTBALL
1940 INCLUDED BASKETBALL, HOCKEY, TRACK & FIELD
1941 BROADCAST CANCELLED TELECAST SHORTCOMINGS: AUDIENCE,
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES, LACK OF SPONSORS, SCREEN RESOLUTION LIMITATIONS, RADIO HEGEMONY.
BOXING ERA 1945-1960 WWII AND COLD WAR VALUES LOUIS, MARCIANO, ROBINSON LIMITATIONS: OUTCOME, VIEWERS’
EXPECTATIONS RACE/ETHNIC CHANGES IN
PROFESSIONAL FIGHTERS OVERSATURATION, VIOLENCE TIES WITH ORGANIZED CRIME
PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL 1945-1960 1946 BERT BELL, NEW NFL COMMISSIONER. 1945 ALL-AMERICAN FOOTBALL
CONFERENCE, A NEW PRO LEAGUE FORMED BY ARCH WARD, SPORTS WRITER IN CHICAGO.
AAFC= STRONG COMPETITION WITH THE NFL, BETTER SALARIES, ALL-STAR GAME
WARD’S IDEA, A GAME IN DECEMBER BETWEEN THE TWO LEAGUES’ CHAMPIONS
PRO FOOTBALL 1945-1960 AAFC STAR: PAUL BROWN, COACH SUCCESS WITH MASILLON H.S., OHIO STATE. REVOLUTIONIZE FOOTBALL COACHING:
PLAY BOOKS FOR PLAYERS, FILM ANALYSIS, PLAY-BY-PLAY BREAKDOWN, RADIO RECEIVER IN QB’S HELMET, FULL TIME ASSISTANT COACHES, PRESS BOX ANALYSIS, UNLIMITED SUBSTITUTIONS, UNLIMITED RESERVES WITH ‘TAXI SQUAD’ TACTICS.
PRO FOOTBALL 1945-1960 PAUL BROWN, ECONOMIC SUCCESS 1950 NFL ABSORBED THREE TEAMS
FROM THE AAFC. UNLIMITED SUBS, UNLIMITED
RESERVES, BROWN STRATEGIES= HIGHER QUALITY IN GAMES
NFL 1950s ATTENDANCE RISE FROM 25,000 TO 40,000 AVG
PRO FOOTBALL SPECIALIZATION= FASTER AND MORE
ATTRACTIVE STYLE 1951 FIRST BROADCASTING
CONTRACT WITH DuMONT NETWORK 1956 CBS $1 MILLION TV CONTRACT NATIONAL RULES: LOCAL BLACKOUTS,
ONE GAME-WEEK
PRO FOOTBALL, ROZELLE ERA 1959 BELL DIED 1959 AMERICAN FOOTBALL LEAGUE, 8
TEAMS IN DIRECT ECONOMIC COMPETITION WITH THE NFL
AFL, LAMAR HUNT, TEXAS MILLIONAIRE, 20s, DALLAS-BASED TEAM REJECTED BY THE NFL. KANSAS CITY FRANCHISE.
NFL, ROZELLE ERA PETE ROZELLE, MARKETING AND P.R.
TRAINING, PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRM, LOS ANGELES RAMS PUBLICIST. 1957 L.A. RAMS GENERAL MANAGER
FOOTBALL MERCHANDISE LINE, PRODUCTS WITH THE RAMS LOGO (HATS, CUPS, T-SHIRTS) TEAM-LOGO BUSINESS.
NFL, ROZELLE ERA 1960 ROZELLE, NEW NFL
COMMISSIONER. MOVED THE NFL HQ TO MANHATTAN.
DRAMATIC CHANGE IN TV RIGHTS, “SINGLE PACKAGE” POLICY: ALL TV RIGHTS-ALL TEAMS-INCOME DIVIDED EQUALLY, OPPOSED BY GIANTS, BEARS AND RAMS
NFL ROZELLE ERA ROZELLE: MORE INCOME FROM TV IF ALL
TEAMS BARGAIN TOGETHER. TV MARKET, NFL FUTURE.
1961 U.S. CONGRESS PASSED THE “SPORTS ANTITRUST BROADCAST ACT”, ALLOWING ROZELLE’S SINGLE PACKAGE POLICY
1964-65 SECRET BID-OPEN CEREMONY, CBS WON ($14,000,000 A YEAR).
ABC NEW STRATEGIES ABC: EDGE FROM NEW SPORTS BROADCASTING
STYLE; 1960 CONTRACT WITH THE AFL ROONE P. ARLEDGE, 1960 FOOTBALL GAMES
PRODUCER; SHOW BIZZ PRINCIPLE: EVENT AS IMPORTANT AS OUTCOME GAME SETTING AMBIENCE. MULTIPLE
PERSPECTIVES, CLOSE UPS, CHEERLEADERS, OVER ENTHUSIASTIC FANS
ARLEDGE PRODUCTIONS CROWD AS IMPORTANT AS PLAYERS SEX APPEAL IN STANDS/SIDELINES TV-NEW BROADCASTING STYLE FANS CONTEST FOR “SCREEN-TIME”
BANNERS, CUSTOMS, LEGENDS MONUMENTAL TAKES, IN GAME
ADVERTISING
ARLEDGE PRINCIPLE
BRING THE VIEWER TO THE EVENT.
NOT THE EVENT TO THE VIEWER.
ABC SPORTS PRODUCTIONS COVERAGE BEFORE, DURING, AFTER SLOW MOTION, INSTANT REPLAY,
LONG SHOTS, CLOSE UPS, VIEWER ATTENTION, SPLIT-SCREEN
INDUCED CONTROVERSY CROWD-CARNIVAL-TAKES PLAYERS STATISTICS: PRESENT
EXTRAORDINARY DIMENSIONS
ABC WIDE WORLD OF SPORTS 1961 BEGINNING, SPORTS-ONLY SHOW FIRST IN STOP-ACTION FILMING VARIETY-SHOW-ON-SPORTS CONTROVERSY SELLS, HATE-LOVE FIGURES
(MUHAMMAD ALI, JOE NAMATH, BATTLE OF THE SEXES, ETC)
WINTER SPORTS, TROPICAL LOCATIONS, BIZARRE EVENTS
EVENT AS IMPORTANT AS OUTCOME
ABC MONDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL ARLEDGE SECOND CREATION, 1970 CONTROVERSIAL BROADCASTING, NO TO
NFL “ANNOUNCER-APPROVAL” HOWARD COSELL, NY FORMER BOXING-
VOICE, PROMOTE-CRITICIZE-PROVOKE- “TELL IT LIKE IT IS”
TRANSITION IN BROADCAST ANNOUNCERS FROM THE “GOLDEN THROAT” MODEL (BLOW-BY-BLOW PLAY CALLER) TO “MOST HATED ANNOUNCER” NEW STYLE.
COLOR TV AND PRO FOOTBALL 1959 PETE ROZELLE, NFL COMMISSI. TV RIGHTS CONTRACTS-AUCTIONS 1964 CBS-NFL, NBC-AFL NBC $, AFL COULD COMPETE W/NAT.
LEAGUE ARTIFICIAL TURFS, TEAM LOGOS-END ZONE TV-MADE UNIFORMS, NAMES, LOGOS,
COLORS. 1967 SUPER BOWL I
ARLEDGE’S IMPACT ON TV 1970s NBC, CBS ADOPTED ABC STRAT. 1970s-1970s TV $ IN SPORTS BOOM PRO FOOTBALL, MOST POPULAR
SPORT-ENTERTAINMENT PROFESSIONAL SPORTS ADOPTED
NEW RULES TO INCREASE TV RATINGS SPORTS BECAME TV PRODUCTIONS
TELEVISION IMPACT ON SPORTS
TRANSFORMATION OF TEAM SPORTS IN RULES, SCHEDULES,
TRANSFORMATION OF “CHAMPIONSHIP-RULES”
SUBORDINATION OF SPORTS TO MEDIA INTERESTS
MORE PEOPLE PREFER TO WATCH THAN TO PLAY