Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines...
-
Upload
wilfrid-lewis -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
2
Transcript of Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines...
![Page 1: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 1
VitaminsServe as coenzymes in chemical reactions
• A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it• Without the coenzyme the enzyme will never perform it’s function
Ex: riboflavin (FAD) & Niacin (NAD) are electron carriers which are reduced in the ETC to produce ATP
Considered ‘Organic’ because they contain carbon atoms
Required in small amounts making it easy to develop a toxicity
Necessary for1. Growth2. Reproduction3. Health Maintenance
![Page 2: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 2
Vitamins
Two classifications, 1. Water-soluble vitamins 2. Fat-soluble vitamins
Identified based on their ability to dissolve ineither water or fat tissue, respectively
![Page 3: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 3
Water-soluble Vitamins• Not stored. These vitamins are easily absorbed and easily
excreted.
• A toxicity of water soluble vitamins will result in the excess being eliminated in the urine.
• Include vitamin C and B-complex vitamins• Thiamin• Riboflavin• Niacin• Folate• Vit. B12 • Vit. B6
• Pantothenic Acid• Biotin• Vit. C
• Dissolve quickly in water, so overcooking fruits and vegetables, in water, will result in the vitamins being lost to the water
![Page 4: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Functions:Vitamin C
• Helps the enzymes involved in formation and maintenance for collagen• Acts as an antioxidant
» Protects foods from being oxidized by the body, by being oxidized themselves, which eliminates the formation of free radicals which cause damage or death to cells
• Helps with iron absorption
Sources: citrus fruits, dark green vegetables, strawberries, peppers
Vitamin B• Help your body use the fuel generated from the breakdown of energy-yielding nutrients• Works everywhere in your body tissues to metabolize macronutrients
ex: Folate & B12 help cells multiply
![Page 5: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 5
Fat-soluble Vitamins
• Includes vitamins A, D, E, K
• When taken in excess, these vitamins are stored in fat tissue
• It is particularly easy to develop a toxicity of vitamins A & D
![Page 6: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fat-Soluble VitaminsFunctions:
Vitamin A• The perception of light at the retina• The maintenance of a healthy, clear cornea
Sources: liver, fish oil, milk, milk products & bright orange fruits & vegetables (precursor beta-carotene)
• Precursors are compounds that can be converted into active vitamins• Vit. A can only be found in its precursor form in plants
Vitamin D• Raises blood calcium levels contributing to bone formation and
maintenance• The body can synthesize all the vitamin D it needs from sunlight
Sources: sunlight, fortified milk, eggs, liver
![Page 7: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fat-Soluble VitaminsFunctions:
Vitamin E• Antioxidant, protecting polyunsaturated fats, cells and cell membranes
Sources: Polyunsaturated plant oils, green leafy vegetables, whole grain products
Vitamin K• Helps synthesize proteins that help clot the blood• Your intestinal bacteria synthesize Vit. K
Sources: green leafy vegetables, soybeans, vegetable oils
![Page 8: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 8
Antioxidants• Formed from vitamins
• Aid in preserving healthy cells
• When the body breaks down fats, or uses oxygen, free radicals are formed
• Free radicals can damage cell membranes and mutate genes
• Antioxidants react with free radicals to decrease their negative effects, taking the place of the substance that would have origonally been oxidized
• Include vitamins E, C, beta carotene (from vitamin A)
![Page 9: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 9
Minerals
There are approximately 17-21 identified essential minerals
• The major minerals consist of:1. Calcium2. Chloride3. Magnesium4. Phosphorus5. Potassium6. Sodium7. Sulfur
• Considered ‘Inorganic’ because they do not contain carbon atoms
• Necessary for:1. Structural elements (teeth, hormones, muscles)2. Regulation of body functions (muscle contractions, blood clotting,
heart function)3. Aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues4. Catalytic action in energy release
![Page 10: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 10
Vitamins and Minerals
• Needed in small amounts
• Essential component to good health
• Toxicities or deficiencies can have detrimental effects
• To ensure adequate intake, eat a balanced diet with variety.
• Supplements usually lead to toxicities, resulting in a waste of money.
![Page 11: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 11
WaterLarge component of our bodies and food
• 60% of our bodies weight
Important for:1. Nutrient transport (within blood)
2. Waste transport (prevents build up of toxic concentrations)
3. Digestion & absorption 4. Regulation of body temperature (sweat)
5. Lubrication (joints)
6. Chemical reactions
![Page 12: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 12
WaterBody water is lost through:
1. Urine2. Feces3. Sweat4. Evaporation in lungs
Excessive water loss through:5. Illness6. Exercise7. Hot environment8. Consumption of coffee, tea, alcohol
![Page 13: Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it Without the coenzyme the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b49201/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sport Books Publisher 13
Water
• Need to consume approx. 1mL of water for every Calorie burnedo About 8 cups of fluid per day
Consumption will be dependent upon:– Level of activity – Climate (warm vs. cold)
• Weakness or fatigue are common signs of dehydration