April 1965 Journ. Jap. Bot. Vol. 40 No. 4 117

Kunio M1Tm*: Chromosome studies on Japanese ferns (1)

三井邦男＊： 日本のシダの染色体の研究 (1)

Since Manton has published "Problems of Cytology and Evolution in the

Pteridophyta," cytotaxonomic studies in the Pteridophyta have been done by

many investigators. I have observed the chromosomes of the Japanese fern and

got some new records. Table 1 is an arrangement of the results in 38 species.

In these studies spore mother cells were observed by the usual aceto-carmine

squash technique. I am indebted to Prof. H. Ito for valuable advice and for

identification of the materials.

Notes and discussions

Athyrium. Mehra and Verma (1957) reported the haploid chromosome

number 40 and 80 for A. pycnosorum, and also Kurita (1960) founded n=80 in

the same species. I counted 40 bivalents at diakinesis in this species (fig. 9).

Therefore it seems that there are two types of the haploid chromosome number,

40 and-80 in this Japanese species as Indian species. Kurita (1960) reported the

haploid chromosome number 80 for A. conilii. The present specimen showed

clearly 120 bivalents at diakinesis (fig. 7) and this number was reported also A.

conilii var. oldhamii by Kurita (1960). Therefore it seems that this species has

two polyploid races, namely tetraploid and haxaploid, as A. japonicum which

has three polyploid races, viz. diploid (Bir, 1961), tetraploid (Bir, 1961), and

hexaploid (Kurita, 1960).

Camptosorus. I counted 36 bivalents at diakinesis in C. sibiricus (fig. 12)

and 64 spores in a sporangium. Wagner (1954) observed the haploid chromosome

number 36 in another species, C. rhizophyllus of this genus. Therefore the

basic number of the genus is x=36.

Cyrtomiun. Manton (1950), Mehra (1961), Abraham, Ninan and Mathew

(1962) reported n=2n=123 in C. falcatum. I studied two cytological types of

C. falcatum, and one is triploid apogamous fern (n= 123) and the other is

diploid or tetraploid (n=82). The former produces 32 spores in a sporangium,

but the spore number of the latter is not studied for lack of good materials. ． Lep這 orus. Many authors have reported various chromosome numbers in

* Botanical Institute, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, 東京教育大学理学

部植物学教室．

--21 -

118 植物研究雑誌第 40巻 第 4号 昭和 40年 4月

Table 1. A list of chromosome numbers of some Japanese ferns.

Name of species Japanese Locality 五oo90 gり9且と9 , c ,.0 し日ヒ しoり0ヒ2 占戸

伝name z ：： 0゚"' ．, 曹Q゚.｛

Adiantu.m ~Lc. apillus- Horaisida U.T.共 n =30 I 64 2x veneris.

A. monochlamys Hakonesida T.U.E.・* n =58 64 4x I 2 Eaton

AsH plenium pekinense Tokiwato- Mt. Go?.en, ¥ n=72¥ 64 ¥4x ¥ 3 ance ranoo Tokyo Pref.

A. Ntarkipati erop1↓S Inu- Mt. Hunakosi, I n =72 I 64 I 4 x I 4 tyasensida Hyogo Pref.

AtNhyarkiaui m brevifrons Ezo-mesida U.T. I n =40 I 64 I 2 x I 5

A. clivicola Karakusa- Hitoyosi,Kuma-/ n =80 I 64 I 4 x I 6 Tagawa inuwarabi mato Pref.

A. conilii Hosoba- Mt. bKa iyP osumi, n = 1201 64 I 6 x I 7 Tagawa sikesida Ti ref.

A. f rangulum Miyako- Mt. Ozaku, n =40 64 I 2 x I 8 Tagawa inuwarabi Totigi Pref.

.Jcl, Cphyrc・ nosorum Miyikaemsiad-a T.U.E. n =40 I 64 I 2 x I 9

!St s s

A. Oshqwuai migerum Kiyotakisida OnPgrae ta, Tokyo n =80 I 64 I 4 x I 10 ef.

A. unCi/ hur rcalum Ōhime- T.U.E. I n =1201 | I I C.. var uni- warabi-furcatum modoki

CaRmupotor sorus sibiricus Kumonosu- Mt. Gozen, J n = 36 I 64 I 2 x I 12 p. sida Tokyo Pref.

Cheilanthes argentea Himeuraziro Hitoyosi,Kuma-1 n =5860-| I 13 Kunze moto Pref.

Cy・Prrto. mium falcatum Oni- Hitoyosi,Kuma- n =82 I I 14 r yabusotetu moto Pref.

Dennstaedtia wil- Ōrensida OnPgraE ta, Tokyo I n =31 I 64 I 2 x I 15 f ordii Koidzumi ef.

Diplazium subsinua- Herasida Zinmuzi, Kana-I n = 1231 64 I 6 x I 16 tum Tagawa gawa Pref.

DrCyhopintg eris atrata lwahego Mt. Hunakosi,.-I 1 n = l:2:3 1 32 13 x I 17 Hyogo Pref. apog.

D. bissetiana C. Chr. Hime- Hitoyosi,Kuma n =I I 18 var. sacrosancta itatisida moto Pref. H. Ito

D. dickinsii Ōkuzyaku T.U.E. I n =82 I 32 I 2 x I 19 C. Ohr. apog.

- 22 -

April 1965 Journ. Jap. Bot. Vol. 40 No. 4 119

Lepi isorus onoet Ching

L. thunbergianus Ching

Loxogramme salifolia Makino

Polystichopsis aristata Ching var. aristata

P. miqueliana Tagawa

P. standishii Tagawa

Polystichu叩 igaenseTagawa

i Hime-I Hanno, Sai. nokisinobu I tama Pref.

Nokisinobu I Hanno, Sai-tama Pref.

Iwayanagi- I Yadake, Kuma-sida I moto Pref.

Lygodium japonicum I Kanikusa Sw.

Onychium japonicum i Tatisinobu Kunze

Phegopte1-is_ decursive-[ Gezigezisida pinnata Fee

I Polypodium fauriei I Osyaguか

Christ I denda

Hosoba-kanawarabi

Naraisida

Ryomensida

Tyaboinode

n =25 I 64

n =50 I 64

n =35 I 64 I 2x

Hitoyosi,Kuma-1 n =58 moto Pref.

Matteuccia struthio- I Kusasotetu I T.U.E. pteris Todaro

Microlepia strigosa ¥ Isikaguma I U.T. Pr.

Hasimoto, Ka-nagawa Pref.

Ongata, Tokyo Pref.

Mt. Gozen, Tokyo Pref.

T.U.E.

Mt. Kawanori, Tokyo Pref.

U.T.

Mt. Ozaku, Totigi Pref.

ー

2

2

2

。2

＇

4x I 23

n =40 I 64 I 2 x I 24

n =43 I 64 I 2 x I 25

n=58

n=30

n=37

n =41

n =41

n =41

n =41

64 l4x 126

64 I 2x I 27

64 I 2x I 28

64 I 2x I 29

64 I 2x I 30

1

2

3

3

x

x

2

2

4

4

6

6

p. tsussimense I Hime- Mt. Kiyosumi, n =123 32 3x 1 33 J. Sm. I k anawarabil Tiba Pref. I I I apog.

Pteris cretica L. I Obano- I Hitoyosi,Kuma-1 n =87 I 32 I 3x I 34 inomotos6 I moto Pref. I I I apog.

p. inaequalis Bak. var. I Obano- Mt. Kiyosumi, n =29 64 2x | 35 aequata Tagawa I hatizy6sida I Tiba Pref.

P. multifida Poir. j Inomotoso

Woodsia manchuri- I Hukurosida ensis Hook.

Woo如 ardiajaponica I Ōkaguma Sm.

T.u.E. I n=581 64 | 4x

Mt. Gozen, I n =33 I 64 Tokyo Pref.

Hitoyosi,Kuma-1 n =34 I 64 J 2x moto Pref,

36

37

38

* Abbreviation: T.U.E. Fern garden of Tokyo University of Education.

U.T. Koishikawa Botanical Garden of University of Tokyo.

this genus. Malhotra (in Mehra, 1961) reported n=35 for L. excavatus, L.

kashyapii and L. nudus and further n=36 for L. excavatus var. scolopendrium

and n=26 for L. loriformis. Panigrahi and Patnaik (in Fernando, 1963) reported

2n=39 for L. Pseudonudus and n=22 for a new species. Manton (1957) observed

- 23 -

120 植物研究雑誌第 40巻第 4号 昭和 40年 4月

“.,., “* 幼‘令ぷ“ぶ心'心よ、:.. ’ ` ・・占. ゃ．’ 嗚̀a 一点 -

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Figs. 1-15. Numbers correspond to those in tab. 1. (X600),

―-24 -

April 1965 Journ. Jap. Bot. Vol. 40 No. 4 121

t4~ヤ. ..; ... ぶ^"'曇... ‘” .. .. ., 、・r.・.. 、. 言・鳴4 ｀ 疇ヽ』

”...., 4、,.ぐ.'1翼 16 18

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23

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25 27

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F1gs. 16-30. Numbers correspond to those in tab. 1. (X 600},

þÿ � 25 -

122 植物研究雑誌第 40巻第 4号 昭和 40年 4月

,4◆,・轟ヽ嗜ベ：．． ．． ． ト"'+‘ A 着 .

31 32

35 . ". "' ho ・

m＂今澄-;愴ゞ ゜｀ ◆ 令̀g，，．

り ヽ...... 3 7 38

Figs. 31-38. Numbers correspond to those in tab. 1. (X600).

2n=74 in L. longifoli1↓s. Panigrahi and Patnaik (in Fernando, 1963) reported

n=23 and 2n=46 for L. contortus. I counted 25 bivalents at diakinesis in L.

onoei and 50 bivalents in L. thunbergianus and both of them produced 64 spores

in a sporangium (figs. 20,21).

Microlepia, Chromosome numbers of this genus have been reported in

some species. Manton (1958) reported n= 129 for M. speluncae, but Manton and

Sledge (1954) observed n=86 in the same species and further Mehra and

Khanna (1959) counted n=43 in this. Mehra and Khanna (1959) reported n=:

43 for M. rhomboidea and Jvl. pilosula. In other, Kurita (1963) found 2n=:

160 in M. pseudostrigosa and expressed that this number might suggest a dif-

ferent basic number (x=40) which have induced a tetraploid species as such,

But I counted 43 bivalents in the first meiotic metaphase (fig. 25) in M. strigosa

which is allied closely to M. pseudostrigosa.

Onychium. Mehra and Verma (1957) reported the haploid chromosome

ー 26-

April 1965 Journ. Jap. Bot. Vol. 40 No. 4 123

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Selected photographs. Numbers correspond to those in tab. 1, and figs. (X450).

37

number 29 for 0. auratum and 0. japonicum and n=58 for apogamous species

O. contiguum. From these results they expressed that the basic number of the

genus is x=29. I observed 58 bivalents at diakinesis in 0. japonicum (fig. 26)

which produced 64 spores in a sporangium, thus this is a tetraploid race and

this species has two types of polyploidy.

Phegopteris. Manton (1950) reported n=90 for the apogamous species P.

polypodioidPs and concluded that the basic number of the genus is x=30. Kurita

- 27 -

124 植物研究雑誌第 40巻 第 4号 昭和 40年 4月

(1960) reported n=60（士I)for P. decursivepinnata and further (1964) n=31 for

P. subaurita and n=30 for P. bukoensis. From these results, he expressed that

there are at least two different basic number 30 and 31 among Phegopteris

members. I observed the haploid chromosome number 30 in P. decursivepinnata

(fig. 27), thus it may be indicated that this species has diploid race and tetra-

ploid race based on the basic number 30.

Polystichopsis. Manton and Sledge (1954) observed Rumohra amabilis (n=

82), R. carvifolia (n=41) and R. walkerae (n=41) and expressed that there

seems to be no cytological difference between this genus and Polystichum. In

India, Loyal (1958) reported n=41 in R. speciosa. But the chromosome number

of Japanese species has not yet been reported in this genus. I observed the

haploid chromosome number 41 in three species of the genus, that is, P. aristata

var. aristata (fig. 29), P. miqueliana (fig. 30), and P. standishii (fig. 31).

Womdsia. In India, Mehra and Singh (1955) reported n=41 for W. elongata,

and in Japan, Kurita (1961) reported n=41 for W. polystichoides. Furthermore

Manton (1950) reported n=41 for W. ilvensis and W. alpina and concluded

that this is the basic number of the genus. But Britton (in Fernando, 1963)

reported n=39 in W. glabella and Wagner (in Fernando, 1963) found n=38 in

W. scopulina. I found an interesting result in W. manchuriensis, that is, this

species shows 33 bivalents at diakinesis and produces 64 spores in a sporang.ium

(fig. 37). References

Alberto, C. (1960) Caryologia 13: 27-150. Fernando, F. (1963) Caryologia

16: 237-335. Kurita, S. (1960) Journ. Jap. Bot. 35: 269-272. - (1961)

Bot. Mag. Tokyo 74: （1962) Journ. Coll. Chiba Univ. 3: 463-

468. - (1963) Journ. Jap. Bot. 38: 42-46. Hirabayasi, H. (1963) Journ.

Jap. Bot. 38: 332-333. Manton, I. (1950) Problems of cytology and evolution in

the Pteridophyta. - (1957) in Holttum's Flora of Malaya 623-627. -

- (1958) Journ. Linn. Soc. London 56: 73-92. - & W.A. Sledge (1954)

Phil. Tr. Soc. London 238: 127-185. Mehra, P.N. & S.C. Verma (1957) Nature

180: 715-716. Mehra, P.N. (1961) Indian Science Congress, Sec, Bot. 1-24.

Sorsa, V. (1958) Hereditas 44: 540-546. - (1961) Ibid. 47: 480-488.

- (1963) Ibid. 49: 337-343. Wagner, W.H. Jr. (1954) Evolution 8: 103-118.

Walker, T.G. (1958) Evolution 12: 82-92.

＊

＊ ＊

＊ ＊ ＊

私はシダの染色体数を調べているが， 日本産の 38種類についての新知見を得たので

報告する。表 1と図ならびに写真がその詳細である。イワデンダ属の X=33とノキシノプ屈の X=25が新しい基本数である。ホソバシケシダ， ミヤマシケシダ，タチシノプ，オオバノイノモトソウが二つの倍数体をもつことがわかった。

ー 28-