Spoken english in tamil and without grammar nlrc's new spoken english book

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Page 1: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

Cognitive Spoken EnglishCognitive Spoken English

Sp

oken

En

glish

in

Tam

il &

Wit

ho

ut

Gra

mm

ar

Sp

oken

En

glish

in

Tam

il &

Wit

ho

ut

Gra

mm

ar

Spoken English in Tamil & Without

Grammar

Spoken English in Tamil & Without

Grammar

݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ Þ™ô£ñ™ îIN™

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv

݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ Þ™ô£ñ™ îIN™

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv

In Sentence PatternsIn Sentence Patterns

By

Dr. K. S. JAYAKUMAR, B.E, M.Tech, M.S, PhD.

Natural Language Research Center(NLRC),

Salem.

Dr. K. S. JAYAKUMAR, B.E, M.Tech, M.S, PhD.

Natural Language Research Center(NLRC),

Salem.

Engineers, Teachers, Professors, Graduates, Research Scholars,

Nurses, IAS & TNPSC Aspirants, Tamil & English Medium Students

and All

Engineers, Teachers, Professors, Graduates, Research Scholars,

Nurses, IAS & TNPSC Aspirants, Tamil & English Medium Students

and All

Target Learners: Target Learners:

A Product of NLRC Spoken Englishwww.nlrc.in

100%

Nw A

proa h to

ep

c

Spon

ngl sh

ke Ei

ANOTHER QUALITY PRODUCT FROM NLRC SPOKEN ENGLISHANOTHER QUALITY PRODUCT FROM NLRC SPOKEN ENGLISH

COGNITIVE SPOKEN ENGLISHCOGNITIVE SPOKEN ENGLISH

Main Features:Main Features:

To read sample pages of this book and to purchase, please visit www.nlrc.inTo read sample pages of this book and to purchase, please visit www.nlrc.in

About the AuthorAbout the Author

Dr. K. S. Jayakumar was born and brought up in

Selliamman Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu. He is a

Mechanical Engineering graduate. He completed M.Tech

and MS degrees in IIT-Delhi and Singapore-MIT Alliance

(SMA) respectively. He completed PhD degree in

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is

currently working as a researcher in Natural Language

Research Center (NLRC). His main research areas are

Language Research, Machine Intelligence and Farm

Machineries. Previously, he worked as an assistant

professor at Department of Mechanical Engineering in

Sona College of Technology, Salem.

Comprehensive Self-study Spoken English Training in

Tamil and without Grammar.

1500 Spoken English Words Meanings in Tamil with

Sentence Patterns.

PowerPoint Slides for Easy Understanding.

Understanding Newspaper English.

Personality Development Concepts.

Comprehensive Self-study Spoken English Training in

Tamil and without Grammar.

1500 Spoken English Words Meanings in Tamil with

Sentence Patterns.

PowerPoint Slides for Easy Understanding.

Understanding Newspaper English.

Personality Development Concepts.

@@

@@

@@@@@@

Rs. 150/-Rs. 150/-

Rs.

15

0/

-R

s.

15

0/

-

Page 2: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

NLRC Spoken English (For Graduates, Professionals and All)

Head Office: 4-81/60, Selliamman Nagar, M. Perumapalayam (PO), Salem – 636111, Tamil Nadu, India. H/P: 9894854413, Phone: 0427-2912095, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.nlrc.in

This Book is Available in all Book Shops in

Tamil Nadu.

Price: Rs.150

Please Call Us If You want bulk purchase of these

books at the discounted Rate

+91 9894854413

[email protected]

If you are unable to find this book in your nearest book

shop, Please call us to purchase the book

+91 9894854413

[email protected]

Spoken English Training Centers/Institutes can use this book for training Tamil

Medium Students.

Page 3: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

Ü¡¹ì¡

Dr. K. S. Jayakumar, B.E, M.Tech, M.S, PhD.Natural Language Research Center (NLRC)

Salem-636111Mob: +91 9894854413

Web: www.nlrc.in

A Product of NLRC Spoken English

Head Office:Selliamman Nagar, M. Perumapalayam (PO),

Salem (DT), Tamil Nadu, India – 636 111.Web: www.nlrc.in,

Email: [email protected]: +91 9994809099

Cognitive Spoken EnglishIn Sentence Patterns

ÜFè Fø¬ñ, ÜP¾, è®ù à¬öŠ¹, M죺òŸCÝAò¬õèœ Þ¼‰¶‹, å¼ CPò ݃AôˆFù£™î¡Â¬ìò º¡«ùŸø«ñ ð£F‚èŠð´Aø¶ â¡Á

⇠ðõ˜èÀ‚° ÞŠ¹ˆî般î êñ˜ŠH‚A«ø¡.

Page 4: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

݃Aôˆ¬î݃Aôˆ¬î݃Aôˆ¬î݃Aôˆ¬î݃Aôˆ¬î

èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´

ï‹ï‹ï‹ï‹ï‹

ªñ£Nò£‹î£Œªñ£Nò£‹î£Œªñ£Nò£‹î£Œªñ£Nò£‹î£Œªñ£Nò£‹

îI¬öîI¬öîI¬öîI¬öîI¬ö

ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹.

Copyright @ NLRC Spoken English, 2010.

First Edition 2010

Cognitive Spoken English in Sentence Patterns is copyright

protected under the Copyright Act, 1957.

All rights reserved worldwide.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording otherwise,

without prior permission, in writing, of the publisher.

Price Rs. 150

Page 5: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

º¡Â¬óº¡Â¬óº¡Â¬óº¡Â¬óº¡Â¬ó

 蟰‹ è™M, ¹¶ 致H®Š¹èœ, àôè ªêŒFèœ, ¹Fò«õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹èœ «ð£¡ø¬õèœ ÝƒAôˆ¬î ꣘‰¶Þ¼Šð, ܬõè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ  ݃Aôªñ£N¬ò 臮Šð£è èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡®ò â¡ø G¬ôJ™Þ¼‚A«ø£‹. Þ‰î Å›G¬ôJ™ ݃AôˆF¡ «î¬õ I躂Aòñ£è Þ¼Šð, ªðŸ«ø£˜èœ îƒèœ °ö‰¬îèœè‡®Šð£è ݃AôˆF™ ¹ô¬ñ ªðø «õ‡´‹ â¡Á⇠Aø£˜èœ. ÞîŸè£è ªðŸ«ø£˜èœ âšõ÷¾«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ ªêô¾ ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ. Þî¡è£óíñ£è G¬øò ݃Aô õN îQò£˜ è™M GÁõùƒèœÝó‹H‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.

. ð£¬îò Å›G¬ôJ™ ªð¼‹ð£ô£ù ñ£íõ˜èœÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õ I辋 îòƒ°Aø£˜èœ. Þ I躂Aò è£óíƒèœ: ñ£íõ˜èœ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÜŠð®«ò «ðêG¬ùŠð¶ ñŸÁ‹ ݃Aôˆ¬î Þô‚èí H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ «ðêG¬ùŠð¶ Ý°‹.

Þ‰î ¹ˆîèñ£ù¶ àƒèÀ‚° ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹Þ™ô£ñ™ îI› õNò£è v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬úèŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶.  àð«ò£A‚°‹ ݃Aô õ£‚AòܬñŠ¹ º¬øò£ù¶ (Sentence Pattern Method) cƒèœÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õ I辋 àÁ¶¬íò£èÞ¼‚°‹. Þ¶ å¼ ¹¶¬ñò£ù ݃Aô ðJŸC º¬ø Ý°‹.

Þ‰î ¹¶¬ñò£ù ݃Aô ðJŸC º¬ø¬ò ºî¡ºîô£è àƒèÀ‚° ÜPºèŠð´ˆ¶õF™  I辋ñA›„Cò¬ìA«ø¡. ÞŠ¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ 輈¶è¬÷¹K‰¶ªè£‡ì£™, cƒè÷£è«õ ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðêÝó‹Hˆ¶M´i˜èœ.

݃Aôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹ÝƒAôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹ÝƒAôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹ÝƒAôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹ÝƒAôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹.

Ü¡¹ì¡ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜

Page 6: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

ªð£¼÷ì‚苪ð£¼÷ì‚苪ð£¼÷ì‚苪ð£¼÷ì‚苪ð£¼÷ì‚è‹(Table of Contents)

1. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú ðŸPòå¼ è‡«í£†ì‹(Spoken English – A Glance) ……........ 1

2. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸø½‚è£ùâ¡.â™.ݘ.C-J¡ MFº¬øèœ(NLRC Rules forSpoken English Learning) ....…........... 21

3. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ(Sentence Patterns) .....…....…............ 33

4. ñQî˜è¬÷Š ðŸPò HóF ªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ(Pronouns of Humans) ....…....…......... 49

5. º‚Aòñ£ù ¹ô¡ê£˜‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ(Important Cognitive Words) .........… 63

6. 500 îI› õ£‚AòƒèO¡ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ(500 Tamil Situations into EnglishSentence Patterns) ....…..................… 171

è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™

ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹

õöƒ°A«ø£‹.õöƒ°A«ø£‹.õöƒ°A«ø£‹.õöƒ°A«ø£‹.õöƒ°A«ø£‹.

ÞŠ¹ˆî般î 𮂰‹«ð£¶ àƒèÀ‚° â¿‹

ꉫîèƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ 輈¶è¬÷ W›è‡ì

ߪñJ½‚° ÜŠH ¬õ»ƒèœ.

àƒèÀ¬ìò ꉫîèƒè¬÷ èœ

Gõ˜ˆF ªêŒA«ø£‹.

[email protected]

(OR)

www.nlrc.in

Page 7: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

ð£ì‹ - 1

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú ðŸPò

å¼ è‡«í£†ì‹

Chapter – 1

Spoken English – A Glance

1

Page 8: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

1. Cognitive Spoken English - in Sentence Patternsâ¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ cƒèœ â¡ù èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷«ð£Al˜èœ? ñŸÁ‹ ÞŠ¹ˆîè‹ àƒèO¡ âšõ¬èò£ùFø¬ñ¬ò õ÷˜‚°‹?

Cognitive Spoken English - in Sentence Patterns â¡ø¹ˆîè‹ cƒèœ ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðêèŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶. Þ¶ ݃Aô Þô‚è투îðò¡ð´ˆî£ñ™ îIN™ v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬úàƒèÀ‚° èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶.

Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LR¡Ü®Šð¬ì «è£†ð£´è¬÷ M÷‚A, àƒèÀ‚°ªîK‰î ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ ªè£‡«ì, àƒè¬÷݃AôˆF™ «ðê ¬õ‚°‹.

àƒèÀ‚° ªîK‰î 輈¶è¬÷ cƒèœâO¬ñò£ù ݃AôˆF™ ñŸøõ¼‚° ªê£™L ¹Kò¬õ‚èîò Fø¬ñ¬ò Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ õ÷˜‚°‹.

2. Spoken English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

Spoken English â¡ð¶ âO¬ñò£ù ݃Aôõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences) ªè£‡ì‹.݃A«ôò˜èœ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ªð¼‹ð£½‹ âO¬ñò£ù ݃Aôõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶Aø£˜èœ.

3. Written English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

Written English â¡ð¶ èôŠ¹ ݃Aôõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Complex Sentences)

ªè£‡ì‹. å¼ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòñ£ù¶ ÜFèÞô‚èí MFè¬÷ àœ÷ì‚A â¿îŠð†®¼‚°‹.

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 32 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance

Page 9: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠðF½‹ñŸÁ‹ ܬî à„êKŠðF½‹ è£ô î£ñî‹ ãŸð´‹.Þ‰î è£ô î£ñîˆFù£™î£¡ å¼õ˜ ݃AôˆF™êó÷ñ£è «ð꺮õF™¬ô.

6. ݃AôˆF™ â¿îõ ã¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ(Complex Sentences) ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶?

èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ Iè ¸ ‚èñ£ù ݃AôÞô‚èí MFèÀ‚° à†ð†´ ܬñ‚èŠð´‹.èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ å«ó õ£˜ˆ¬î e‡´‹ ܉îõ£‚AòˆF™ F¼‹ð õó£îð® 𣘈¶‚ªè£œ÷Šð´Aø¶. Ýîô£™ °¬ø‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ ªè£‡´G¬øò 輈¶è¬÷ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF¡ Íô‹ªê£™ô º®»‹. Þîù£™ °¬ø‰î è£AîˆF™ ÜFè輈¶è¬÷ Ãø º®»‹.

å¼ ªêŒFî£O™ 20 ð‚èƒèO™ Þ¼‚°‹ÝƒAô èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ âO¬ñò£ùõ£‚AòˆF™ ñ£ŸP â¿F, Þ¬î ªêŒFî£O™Ü„C†ì£™ °¬ø‰îð†ê‹ 40 ð‚èƒèœ«î¬õð´‹.

݃Aô Þô‚è투î ï¡° ªîK‰¶ªè£‡ì£™î£¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ å¼õ˜ ªîOõ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷º®»‹.

Ýù£™ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ ݃Aô Þô‚èí MFèœ «î¬õð죶.W›è‡ì â´ˆ¶‚裆´è¬÷ èõQ‚辋.

݃Aô Þô‚è투î ï¡° ªîK‰¶ªè£‡ì£™î£¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ å¼õ˜ ªîOõ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷º®»‹.

Þ‰î èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòñ£ù¶ ¹ˆîèƒèœ,ªêŒFî£œèœ «ð£¡øõŸP™ ÜFèñ£èðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.

4. Spoken English-‹ Written English-‹ å¡ø£?

Spoken English-‹ Written English-‹ å¡ø™ô.Þ¬õèœ Þó‡´‹ ªõš«õø£ù¬õ. Spoken

English «ð²õ‹, Written English ⿶õ‹ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.

5. ݃AôˆF™ «ð²õ ã¡ âO¬ñò£ù ݃Aôõ£‚Aòƒèœ (Simple Sentences) ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶?

 «ð²‹«ð£¶ «ò£Cˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬îܬñˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î à„êKˆî™ «ð£¡øªêò™è¬÷ Iè °ÁAò è£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ «ïóˆF™ªêŒA«ø£‹.

å¼õ˜ êó÷ñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê«õ‡´ñ£ù£™, Üõ˜ 臮Šð£è âO¬ñò£ù݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences)

ðò¡ð´ˆî «õ‡´‹. ÜŠªð£¿¶î£¡ Üõ˜«ò£Cˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬îà„êKˆî™ «ð£¡ø ªêò™è¬÷ Iè °ÁAòè£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ «ïóˆF™ ªêŒòº®»‹.

Ýù£™ å¼õ˜ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²õ èôŠ¹ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Complex Sentences)

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 54 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance

Page 10: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

Ýù£™ ݃AôˆF™ â¡ù ïì‚Aø¶? ݃Aôªñ£N¬ò â¿î ñŸÁ‹ ð®‚è èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ìHø°î£¡ «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.  ªêŒ»‹Þ‰î îõ¬ø êŸÁ C‰F»ƒèœ.

8. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LR™ ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ ªêŒ»‹îõÁ â¡ù?

݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ ¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÜŠð®«ò «ðê«õ‡´‹â¡Á ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ‰îCPò îõÁ Üõ˜èœ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²õ¬îè®ùñ£è Ý‚°Aø¶.

ãŸèù«õ °PŠH†ì ñ£FK, cƒèœÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ùõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences)

ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õF™¬ô. Ü ñ£ø£è, ðô˜«ð²õ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ Üî£õ¶ ¹ˆîè‹ñŸÁ‹ ªêŒFî£O™ Þ¼‚°‹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²õè®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

9. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹«î¬õò£?

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷, Üî£õ¶ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õ ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹«î¬õJ™¬ô.  ¬ìò Í¡ø£õ¶õòFL¼‰«î îI¬ö êó÷ñ£è «ð²A«ø£‹.⡬ø‚è£õ¶ îI› Þô‚è투î ðŸP «ò£Cˆî¶à‡ì£? 臮Šð£è A¬ìò£¶.

Example:Complex Sentence:

I buy the bag that is very big at Delhi that is capitalof India which is democratic country.

Þ¶ å¼ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aò‹ Ý°‹. Þ¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ Iè è®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

«ñ«ô ªê£¡ù 輈¬î âO¬ñò£ùõ£‚AòˆF™ W›è‡ìõ£Á â¿îô£‹.Simple Sentences:

I buy the bag; The bag is very big; I buy the bag atDelhi; Delhi is capital of India; India is democratic

country.

Þ¬õèœ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ý°‹.Þ¬î ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ Iè âOî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

 Þƒ«è º‚Aòñ£è èõQ‚è «õ‡®òMêò‹ â¡ùªõ¡ø£™, âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚AòƒèœâOî£è ¹KAø¶. Ýù£™ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷¹K‰¶ ªè£œõ è®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

 «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ð²õ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹«ð꺮»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™  «ð²õ¬î«ð꺮»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™  «ð²õ¬î«ð꺮»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™  «ð²õ¬î«ð꺮»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™  «ð²õ¬î«ð꺮»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™  «ð²õ¬îñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.ñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.ñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.ñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.ñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.

7. èì‰î 50 õ¼ì è£ôñ£è îI›ï£†®™ ݃Aô‹èŸÁˆîóŠð´Aø¶. Ýù£™ ޡ‹ ïñ‚° ݃AôˆF™«ð²õ è®ùñ£è Þ¼Šð¶ ã¡?

 å¼ ªñ£N¬ò «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ìHø°î£¡ Ü‰î ªñ£N¬ò ð®‚è ñŸÁ‹ â¿îèŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.  îI› ªñ£NJ™ Þ‰îñ£FK ªêŒA«ø£‹.

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12. îIN™  G¬ù‚°‹ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹º¬øJ¡ (Sentence Pattern Method) Íô‹ âŠð®ÝƒAôˆF™ ÃÁõ¶?

 îIN™ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ£‹.輈¶ ޶, “ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF “ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF “ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF “ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF “ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eFÞ¼‚Aøî£?”Þ¼‚Aøî£?”Þ¼‚Aøî£?”Þ¼‚Aøî£?”Þ¼‚Aøî£?” Þ¬î ݃AôˆF™ âŠð® ªê£™õ¶?

Þ¬î ݃AôˆF™ ªê£™ô, ªð¼ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ º¬ø ªñ£Nªðò˜ˆî™ Ý°‹.Üî£õ¶ îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ 嚪õ£¼îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹ Ü‡ì£ù ݃Aôõ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñˆî™Ý°‹. å¼õ˜ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚°‹«ð£¶ ãî£õ¶ å¼îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‡ì£ù ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ Üõó¶ ñùF™ ðìð승ãŸð†´ Üõó£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬îܬñ‚è º®ò£¶.

Ü´ˆ¶ àƒèOì‹ ï£¡ «è†°‹ I躂Aòñ£ù «èœM: ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è º®»ñ£?݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è º®»ñ£?݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è º®»ñ£?݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è º®»ñ£?݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è º®»ñ£?M¬ì: 臮Šð£è º®»‹.M¬ì: 臮Šð£è º®»‹.M¬ì: 臮Šð£è º®»‹.M¬ì: 臮Šð£è º®»‹.M¬ì: 臮Šð£è º®»‹.

“ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ø輈F¡ õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: “Is there any sth left?”.

Þî¡ îI› ܘˆî‹: sth-â¡ø ªð£¼œ ãî£õ¶eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠH™ sth â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°ðFô£è ïñ‚° «î¬õò£ù ªðò˜ªê£™¬ô ̘ˆFªêŒ»‹«ð£¶ â‡íŸø ݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷à¼õ£‚èô£‹.

Ýù£™ ݃AôˆF™ «ð²õ ñ†´‹ ã¡ï£‹ ݃Aô Þô‚è투î I辋 A«ø£‹?

ãŸèù«õ ªê£¡ùñ£FK, Written English-™Þ¼‚°‹ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ è‡®Šð£è «î¬õ. Ýù£™Spoken English-™ Þ¼‚°‹ âO¬ñò£ùõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶ªè£œ÷ ñŸÁ‹ «ðê ݃AôÞô‚èí‹ «î¬õ Þ™¬ô.

10.  îI¬ö êó÷ñ£è «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œÀ‹«ð£¶ îI›Þô‚è투î èŸøF™¬ô. Ü«î«ð£™ ݃AôÞô‚è투î èŸè£ñ™ ݃AôˆF™ âŠð® êó÷ñ£è «ðêèŸÁ‚ªè£œõ¶?

݃Aô Þô‚è투î èŸè£ñ™ ݃AôˆF™êó÷ñ£è «ðê¬õ‚°‹ º¬ø‚° õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹º¬øº¬øº¬øº¬øº¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method) â¡Á ªðò˜. Þ‰îàôèˆF«ô«ò ºî¡ º¬øò£è õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF ݃AôˆF™ «ðêèŸÁ‚ªè£´‚°‹ å«ó ¹ˆîè‹ Þ¶î£¡.

11. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method)â¡ð¶ â¡ù?

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø â¡ð¶  G¬ù‚°‹è¼ˆ¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™ÝƒAôˆF™ ÃÁõ‹.

Ýù£™ ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜  G¬ù‚°‹è¼ˆ¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£N ªðò˜ˆ¶î£¡ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚Aø£˜èœ.݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð꺮ò£¬ñ‚° Þ¶¾‹å¼ è£óí‹ Ý°‹.

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Ü«î«ð£™ www.nlrc.in â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‚°‹Cognitive Spoken English â¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ 1500݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° îI› Íôñ£è ݃Aôõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ ªðøô£‹.

ð£ì‹ 3-™ õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ ðŸP

ªîOõ£è 𣘊«ð£‹.

14. Þ‰î ¹ˆîèˆF™ ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ Þ™ô£ñ™v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv â¡Á â¿îŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.ÞŠ¹ˆîè‹ Íô‹ ݃Aô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£™ âù‚°Written English õó£¶ â¡Á ðô˜ G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ‰îßÁ êKò£?

cƒèœ Þšõ£Á G¬ùŠð¶ îõÁ. Tense ñŸÁ‹Conjunction-è¬÷ ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œõ¶,õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ ⿶‹ ðJŸC«ð£¡ø¬õèœî£¡ Written English â¡Á ðô˜G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ¶ îõø£ù ßÁ Ý°‹.Þ¬õèœ à‡¬ñJ™ Written English‚°‡ì£ù輈¶è«÷ A¬ìò£¶. Þ¬îMì ޡ‹ 99êîMî ¹¶¬ñò£ù 輈¶èœ Written English-™Þ¼‚Aø¶.

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ Íô‹ ݃Aô õ£‚Aòˆ¬îܬñ‚°‹ º¬ø¬ò ªîK‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™î£¡cƒèœ Written English-™ ¹ô¬ñ ªðøº®»‹.õ£‚Aò ܬñŠH™ ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ñ¬ø‰F¼‚Aø¶.

݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.

輈¶:輈¶:輈¶:輈¶:輈¶: ꘂè¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹:õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹:õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹:õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹:õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: “Is there any sth left?”

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹:݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹:݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹:݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹:݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: sth = Sugar â¡Á õ£‚AòܬñŠH™ ̘ˆF ªêŒî£™A¬ì‚°‹ õ£‚Aò‹:“Is there any Sugar left?”

ÞŠªð£¿¶ ïñ‚° ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹ A¬ìˆ¶ M†ì¶.

“ÜKC ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ð¬îâŠð® ݃AôˆF™ Ãøô£‹?sth = Rice â¡Á õ£‚Aò ܬñŠH™ ̘ˆFªêŒî£™ A¬ì‚°‹ õ£‚Aò‹ “Is there any Riceleft?”.

“î‚è£O ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ð¬î݃AôˆF™ Ãø “Is there any Tomato left?”

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆFõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆFõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆFõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆFõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾âO¶ â¡Á 𣼃èœ.âO¶ â¡Á 𣼃èœ.âO¶ â¡Á 𣼃èœ.âO¶ â¡Á 𣼃èœ.âO¶ â¡Á 𣼃èœ.

݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò݃Aô Þô‚è투î ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.޶ à‡¬ñ.

13. îI› 輈¶èÀ‚° à‡ì£ù ݃Aô õ£‚AòܬñŠ¬ðè¬÷ âŠð® ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œõ¶? G¬ù‚°‹ 嚪õ£¼ îI› 輈¶èÀ‚°‹ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ݃Aôõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ www.ldoceonline.com â¡øªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‰¶ Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.

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ï‹ â™«ô£¼‚°‹ îI› ï¡ø£è ªîK»‹.Ýîô£™ ïñ‚° ªîKò£î ݃Aôˆ¬î  ïñ‚°ªîK‰î îI› ªñ£N Íôñ£è àƒèÀ‚°èŸÁˆî¼A«ø¡.

18. Noun ñŸÁ‹ Adjective â¡ð¶ â¡ù?

Noun â¡ð¶ ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ªðò˜î£¡ ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. Adjective â¡ð¶ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹. 嚪õ£¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚°‹ð‡¹èœ (Properties) Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î ð‡¹èO¡ªðò˜î£¡ ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹.

Üöè£ù, «õèñ£ù, M¬óõ£ù «ð£¡øõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ Adjective‚° â´ˆ¶‚裆´èœ Ý°‹.îIN™ “ù” â¡Á º®»‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪ð¼‹ð£½‹ AdjectiveÝè õ¼‹.

19. Verb ñŸÁ‹ Adverb â¡ð¶ â¡ù?

Verb â¡ð¶ M¬ùªê£™ Ý°‹. Þ‰î àôèˆF™àœ÷ ªð£¼œèœ ⶾ‹ G¬ôò£è Þ¼ŠðF™¬ô.Þ‰î ªð£¼œèœ å¼ ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ ñŸªø£¼ÞìˆFŸ° ïè¼Aø¶. Þ‰î ïè¼î™ Ü™ô¶Þ슪ðò˜„C¬ò ªêò™ â¡Á ÃøŠð´Aø¶. 弪êòL¡ ªðò˜î£¡ M¬ù„ªê£™ Ý°‹. ïè¼,«ð£, ÜŠ¹ «ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèœM¬ù„ªê£™½‚° â´ˆ¶‚裆´èœ Ý°‹.

Adverb â¡ð¶ ªêòL¡ ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹.嚪õ£¼ ªêò½‚°‹ ð‡¹èœ (Properties)

Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î ªêò™èO¡ ð‡¹î£¡ Adverb

Ý°‹. Üöè£è, «õèñ£è, M¬óõ£è «ð£¡øõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ Adverb‚° â´ˆ¶‚裆´èœ Ý°‹.

15. ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õ ªêŒF÷ð®‚èô£ñ£?

݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õ ªêŒF÷ð®‚è Ã죶. ãªù¡ø£™ ªêŒFî£O™ Þ¼‚°‹õ£‚Aòƒèœ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ý°‹.

cƒèœ ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õ°ö‰¬îèœ ï®ˆî ݃Aô ý£L¾†F¬óðìƒè¬÷ ݃Aô ꊬ솮½ì¡ð£¼ƒèœ. ãªù¡ø£™ ÞˆF¬óðìƒèO™ Þ¼‚°‹õ£ƒAòƒèœ Iè âO¬ñò£è Þ¼‚°‹.

16. ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œðõ˜ ⊫𣶋݃AôˆF™î£¡ «ò£C‚è «õ‡´‹. îIN™ «ò£C‚èÃ죶 â¡Á ÜP¾ÁˆîŠð´Aø£˜èœ. Þ‰î ßÁ êKò£?

臮Šð£è îõÁ.  îIN«ô£ Ü™ô¶ÝƒAôˆF«ô£ «ò£CŠð¶ A¬ìò£¶. «ò£Cˆî™ â¡ø ªêò¬ô ¬ìò ͬ÷J¡Physical Memory-J¡ Íôñ£è ªêŒA«ø£‹.

Physical Memory-Ýù¶ ¬ìò䋹ô¡èO¡ C‚ù™èOù£™ à¼õ£‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶. Physical Memory-J™ à¼õ£‚Aò輈¬î  îIN«ô£ Ü™ô¶ ݃AôˆF«ô£õ£‚Aòñ£è ܬñˆ¶ «ð²A«ø£‹.

17. 㡠݃Aô ªñ£N îIN™ èŸÁˆîóŠð´Aø¶?

å¼ ¹¶‚輈¬î  ñŸøõ¼‚°ªê£™½‹«ð£¶ Ü‰î ¹¶‚輈¬î Üõ¼‚°ªîK‰î å¼ è¼ˆ¶ Íôñ£è ªê£™½‹«ð£¶î£¡Üõ˜ ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ£˜.

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Ü™ô¶ «ò£Cˆb˜è«÷£ ܬõè¬÷ å¼ î£O™â¿î¾‹. °¬ø‰î¶ 1000 îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ â¿î«õ‡´‹. Hø°, cƒèœ â¿Fò îI›õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° ݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷(݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô) ªîK‰¶ ªè£‡ì£™cƒèœ êó÷ñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê Ýó‹Hˆ¶M´i˜èœ.

݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷݃AôˆF™ «ðê ɇ´Aø¶.݃AôˆF™ «ðê ɇ´Aø¶.݃AôˆF™ «ðê ɇ´Aø¶.݃AôˆF™ «ðê ɇ´Aø¶.݃AôˆF™ «ðê ɇ´Aø¶.

22. ݃AôˆF™ «ð²ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô ñŸÁ‹ «è†ðõK¡ñùG¬ô âŠð® Þ¼‚°‹?

«ð²ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô:

¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ݃Aô õ£‚Aòˆ¬îÜŠð®«ò «ðê «õ‡´‹.

Þô‚èíŠ H¬öJ¡P «ðê «õ‡´‹.

«õèñ£è «ðê «õ‡´‹.

«è†ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô:

«è†ðõ˜ ݃Aô õ£‚AòˆF¡ ªð£¼¬÷ñ†´‹î£¡ èõQŠð£˜. cƒèœ Þô‚èíH¬ö«ò£´ «ð²Al˜è÷£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡ÁèõQ‚èñ£†ì£˜.

«ð²ðõ˜ M†´ M†´ ªñ¶õ£è «ðCù£™ Ãì,«è†ðõ˜ ªð£Á¬ñ»ì¡ Þ¼Šð£˜. «ð²ðõK¡è¼ˆ¬î‚ «è†ðF™ ñ†´‹î£¡ °Pò£èÞ¼Šð£˜.

îIN™ “è” â¡Á º®»‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪ð¼‹ð£½‹ AdverbÝè õ¼‹.

20. Cognitive Words â¡ð¶ â¡ù?  ¹Fî£è å¼è¼ˆ¬î à¼õ£‚°õ‹ ñŸÁ‹ ܬîªõOŠð´ˆ¶õ‹ â‰î Ü÷¾‚° Þ‰î CognitiveWords ïñ‚° àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶?

Cognitive Words â¡ð¬î îIN™ ¹ô¡ ꣘‰îõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ â¡Á ܬö‚A«ø£‹.

¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° à¼õƒèœA¬ìò£¶. Ýù£™ Noun, Verb «ð£¡ø¬õèÀ‚°à¼õƒèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ªñ£ˆî‹ 260 ¹ô¡ ꣘‰îõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰îõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ è£ôƒèœ, Þìƒèœ, 輈¶èÀ‚°Þ¬ì«ò Þ¼‚°‹ ê‹ð‰îƒèœ «ð£¡ø¬õŸ¬øM÷‚°Aø¶. Þ‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡ ªð£¼œè¬÷ªîOõ£è ªîK‰¶‚ ªè£‡ì£™, ¹Fî£è å¼è¼ˆ¬î à¼õ£‚°õ‹ ñŸÁ‹ ܬîªõOŠð´ˆ¶õ‹ Þ¬õèœ ïñ‚° I辋àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚°‹.

àƒèÀ‚° 1000 ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèœàƒèÀ‚° 1000 ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèœàƒèÀ‚° 1000 ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèœàƒèÀ‚° 1000 ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèœàƒèÀ‚° 1000 ݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ꣘‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î蜪îKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ݃AôˆF™ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ݃AôˆF™ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ݃AôˆF™ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ݃AôˆF™ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ݃AôˆF™¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.

21.  ñŸøõ˜èOì‹ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê£ñ«ô«ò, ï‹ñ£™ÝƒAô‹ «ðê‚èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ º®»ñ£?

臮Šð£è º®»‹. Þ¶ âŠð® â¡Á MKõ£è𣘊«ð£‹. cƒèœ èì‰î ÝÁ ñ£îƒèœâ¡ªù¡ù îI› õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ðCm˜è«÷£

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 1514 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance

Page 15: Spoken english in tamil and without grammar   nlrc's new spoken english book

25. Communication Skill â¡ðî¡ à‡¬ñò£ù ªð£¼œâ¡ù?

Communication Skill â¡ð¶ cƒèœ ªê£™ôG¬ù‚°‹ 輈¬î ñŸøõ¼‚° âOî£è¹Kò¬õŠð‹.

cƒèœ å¼õKì‹ å¼ ¹¶ Mêòˆ¬îªê£™½‹«ð£¶, Ü‰î ¹¶ Mêòˆ¬î «è†ðõ¼‚°ãŸèù«õ ªîK‰î Mêò‹ Íôñ£è ªê£™½‹«ð£¶î£¡ «è†ðõ˜ ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ£˜.

cƒèœ å¼ Mêòˆ¬î 𮂰‹«ð£¶,«è†°‹«ð£¶ Ü™ô¶ 𣘂°‹«ð£¶, ܬîºîL™ cƒèœ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹. Hø°cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹K‰î ªè£‡ì Mêòˆ¬î â‰î«ïóˆF½‹ ñŸøõ˜èÀ‚° âOî£è ¹Kò¬õ‚è«õ‡´‹ Ü™ô¶ ñŸøõ˜èÀ‚° ¹KAø ñ£FKªê£™ô«õ‡´‹. Þ‰î Fø¬ñ àƒèOì‹Þ™¬ôªò¡ø£™, cƒèœ â¡ùð®ˆF¼‰î£½‹ Þ‰î àôèˆF™ â¬î»‹ê£F‚躮ò£¶. Þ¶  Communication Skill-¡º‚Aò «ï£‚è‹ Ý°‹.

26. ݃AôˆF™ 𮂰‹«ð£¶ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œÀ‹ Cô˜ ܬî«ð²‹«ð£¶ Üõ˜èœ ã¡ î´ñ£ÁAø£˜èœ?

Cô˜ ݃Aô‹ 蟰‹«ð£¶ ݃Aôõ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‡ì£ù îI› ܘˆî¬î ñ†´‹ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œAø£˜èœ. Ýù£™ Üõ˜èœ ܉î݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îJ¡ ݃Aô õ£‚AòܬñŠ¹è¬÷ èŸÁªè£œõF™¬ô. Þîù£™î£¡,Üõ˜è÷£™ ¹K‰¶ªè£‡ì ݃Aôˆ¬î «ð꺮òM™¬ô.

«ð²ðõ˜ Þ‰î ñ£FK «ðCù£™ Ãì «è†ðõ˜ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ ªè£œõ£˜. “I walk road thief

hit fell”, Þ‰î ݃Aô õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ♫ô£¼‹¹K‰¶‚ ªè£œõ£˜èœ. ÞFL¼‰¶  â¡ù¹K‰¶ ªè£‡«ì£‹ â¡ø£™, «ð²‹«ð£¶Þô‚èí H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ «ðê «õ‡´‹ â¡øÜõCò‹ Þ™¬ô.

23. ݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è«ðêôñ£?

݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è«ðê‚Ã죶. ݃AôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ ªñ¶õ£è«ðê«õ‡´‹. ªñ¶õ£è 嚪õ£¼ õ£˜ˆ¬îò£è«ðCù£™ Ãì îõÁ 㶋 A¬ìò£¶.

24. Cognitive Spoken English â¡ð¶ â¡ù?

 ¬ìò Í¡ø£õ¶ õòF™ îI¬öêó÷ñ£è «ð²A«ø£‹. Þ º‚Aò è£óí‹ï‹¬ñ ²ŸP Þ¼Šðõ˜èœ ܬùõ¼‹ îIN™«ð²õ¶ Ý°‹.  îI¬ö ¬ìò 䋹ô¡èœÍôñ£è èŸÁªè£œA«ø£‹. Ü«î«ð£™,݃Aôˆ¬î ¬ìò 䋹ô¡èœ Íôñ£èèŸÁ‚ªè£´‚°‹ º¬ø‚° Cognitive Spoken English

â¡Á ܬö‚èŠð´Aø¶.

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬øõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬øõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬øõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬øõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø  ݃Aô ªñ£N¬ò¬ìò 䋹ô¡èœ Íôñ£è èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷I辋 àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 1716 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance

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¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡  â¬î»‹¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡  â¬î»‹¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡  â¬î»‹¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡  â¬î»‹¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡  â¬î»‹ê£F‚è º®»‹.ê£F‚è º®»‹.ê£F‚è º®»‹.ê£F‚è º®»‹.ê£F‚è º®»‹.

29. «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ «ï˜è£íL™ àƒèOìI¼‰¶ â¡ùâF˜ð£˜‚èŠð´Aø¶?

«ï˜è£íL™ ïñ‚° ªîK‰î 輈¬î ñŸøõ¼‚°¹K»‹ð®  ªê£™A«ø£ñ£ â¡ð¶‚°î£¡ ÜF躂Aòˆ¶õ‹ ªè£´‚èŠð´Aø¶.

30. ݃AôˆF™ «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ â‰î Dictionary-¬òðò¡ð´ˆîô£‹?

www.ldoceonline.com â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®™Longman Dictionary-¬ò Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.Ü«î«ð£™ www.nlrc.in â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‚°‹Cognitive Spoken English â¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ 1500݃Aô õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° îI› Íôñ£è ݃Aôõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ ªðøô£‹.

******

cƒèœ ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è«ð²õ àƒèÀ‚° I辋àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚°‹ I躂Aòñ£ù è£óE õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹º¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method)

Ý°‹.

Þ‰î Hó„ê¬ù¬ò «ð£‚è cƒèœ õ£‚AòܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò 臮Šð£è H¡ðŸø «õ‡´‹.

27. ªð¼‹ð£½‹ ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜ â¡ù G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœâ¡ø£™ ïñ‚° G¬øò 𮊹 î°Fèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶ (B.E,M.Sc, M.A, PhD,...). Ýù£™ â¡ù£™ ÜFèñ£èê‹ð£F‚è º®òM™¬ô. Ýù£™ ⶾ‹ ð®‚è£îõ«ó£Iè ÜFèñ£è ê‹ð£F‚Aø£˜ â¡Á ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜¹ô‹¹õ Ü®Šð¬ì è£óí‹ â¡ù?

ÞŠð® ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜ ¹ô‹¹õ º‚Aòè£óí‹ Communication Skill-â¡ø Fø¬ñÞ™ô£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶, å¼ è¼ˆ¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£œÀî™ ñŸÁ‹ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î ñŸøõ¼‚°¹K»‹ð® ªê£™½î™ «ð£¡ø Fø¬ñèœÞ™ô£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹.

28. ñ£íõ˜èœ ðœO, è™ÖKèO™ âŠð® ð®‚è «õ‡´‹?Üõ˜èœ â‰îñ£FKò£ù ÜP¬õ ªðø «õ‡´‹?

ÜFè ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒ¶ ÜFèñFŠªð‡ â´‚°‹ ñ£íõ¬ó Mì, °¬ø‰î°¬ø‰î°¬ø‰î°¬ø‰î°¬ø‰îð£ìƒè¬÷ 𮈶 Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£èð£ìƒè¬÷ 𮈶 Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£èð£ìƒè¬÷ 𮈶 Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£èð£ìƒè¬÷ 𮈶 Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£èð£ìƒè¬÷ 𮈶 Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£è¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì 輈¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì 輈¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì 輈¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì 輈¬î¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì 輈¬îï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷ÞŠ«ð£¶ ®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ÞŠ«ð£¶ ®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ÞŠ«ð£¶ ®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ÞŠ«ð£¶ ®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ÞŠ«ð£¶ ®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ãªù¡ø£™Þõ˜è÷£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ ®™ «õ¬ôõ£ŒŠH¬ù à¼õ£‚躮»‹. õÁ¬ñ¬ò åN‚躮»‹.

݃Aô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶.  𮂰‹ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶.  𮂰‹ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶.  𮂰‹ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶.  𮂰‹ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶.  𮂰‹ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 1918 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance

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ð£ì‹ - 2

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LvèŸø½‚è£ù â¡.â™.ݘ.C-J¡

MFº¬øèœ

Chapter - 2

NLRC Rules for Spoken

English Learning

20

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v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú êó÷ñ£è «ð²õ â¡.â™.ݘ.C䉶 MFº¬øè¬÷ à¼õ£‚AJ¼‚Aø¶. cƒèœÜ¬õè¬÷ èõùñ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ ⊪𣿶‹ë£ðèˆF™ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.

â¡.â™.ݘ.C MFº¬ø: 1

îIN™ àœ÷ 輈¬î ݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòñ£è ܬñ‚èõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò (Sentence Pattern Method)ðò¡ð´ˆî «õ‡´‹.

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ º¬øèœ Íôñ£è G¬ù‚°‹ 輈¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚èô£‹. ð£ì‹ 1-™Þ¼‚°‹ «èœM ⇠12 ݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹º¬ø¬ò ðŸP ªîOõ£è M÷‚°Aø¶. ݃Aô õ£‚AòܬñŠ¹ º¬øè¬÷ ÜFèñ£è ªîK‰¶ ªè£œ÷ ð£ì‹3-¬ò 𣘂辋.

â¡.â™.ݘ.C MFº¬ø: 2

 G¬ù‚°‹ îI› 輈¶‚° ݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹(Sentence Pattern) ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™, Ü݃AôˆF™ âŠð® õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñŠð¶?

ïñ‚° ݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ ªîKò£îð†êˆF™ W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†ì MFº¬øè¬÷H¡ðŸP  ݃AôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚èô£‹.

1. ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚Aòˆ¬î è£AîˆF™â¿î¾‹.

2. îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î¬òºîL™ â¿î¾‹. Þ‰î è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î M¬ùM¬ùM¬ùM¬ùM¬ùÜ™ô¶ ªêò™Ü™ô¶ ªêò™Ü™ô¶ ªêò™Ü™ô¶ ªêò™Ü™ô¶ ªêò™ â¡Á ܬö‚èŠð´Aø¶.

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 2322 Chapter 2: NLRC Rules for Spoken English Learning

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â¡.â™.ݘ.C MFº¬ø: 5

¶Kîñ£è àƒè¬÷ ݃AôˆF™ «ðê¬õ‚°‹ º¬ø.

W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†ì ðJŸC¬ò Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î𮂰‹ 嚪õ£¼ ñ£íõ¼‹ 臮Šð£è ªêŒò «õ‡´‹.

݃AôˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ â™ô£ õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡îI› ܘˆîƒè¬÷ ªîK‰¶ ªè£‡ì£™ ݃AôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðêô£‹ â¡Á ðô˜G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ¶ îõø£ù 輈¶ Ý°‹.

Þƒ° õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ Mì, °¬ø‰îð†ê‹ 500õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ ªîK‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™,Þ¬õè¬÷ ¬õˆ¶  2000 Å›G¬ôèÀ‚° ݃Aôõ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ܬñ‚èô£‹.

cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î ð®Šð«î£´cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î ð®Šð«î£´cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î ð®Šð«î£´cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î ð®Šð«î£´cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆî般î ð®Šð«î£´ñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCòñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCòñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCòñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCòñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCòñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.ñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.ñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.ñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.ñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.cƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAôcƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAôcƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAôcƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAôcƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAôõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ 臮Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ 臮Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ 臮Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ 臮Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ 臮Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™¶Kîñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.¶Kîñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.¶Kîñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.¶Kîñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.¶Kîñ£è ݃AôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.

cƒèœ àƒèÀ¬ìò ÝCKò˜, ï‡ð˜èœ ñŸÁ‹www.nlrc.in Íôñ£è cƒèœ â¿Fò îI›õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ô£‹.

ð£ì‹ 6-™ 500 îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ ªè£´‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.

******

32 Chapter 2: NLRC Rules for Spoken English Learning

ð£ì‹ - 3

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ

Chapter - 3

Sentence Patterns

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Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 3534 Chapter 3: Sentence Patterns

õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™ ݃AôˆF™õ£‚Aòˆ¬î ܬñ‚è ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶. Þ‰î õ£‚AòܬñŠH™ ݃Aô Þô‚èí‹ ñ¬ø‰F¼‚Aø¶.

Þ‰î ð£ìˆF™ å¼ ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îJ¡ îI›Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î âŠð® ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹ â¡Á‹, ñŸÁ‹ï¬ìº¬øJ™  ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ Iè º‚Aòñ£ù õ£‚AòܬñŠ¹è¬÷»‹ 𣘂èô£‹. å¼ ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î‚è£ùõ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ www.ldoceonline.com â¡øªõŠ¬ê†®™ cƒèœ Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.

cƒèœ W›è‡ì ݃Aô °Pf´èO¡ ܘˆîƒè¬÷臮Šð£è ë£ðèˆF™ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.

pat - õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹ (Pattern)

syn - å«ó ªð£¼¬÷ ªè£‡ì ñŸø õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ( Synonym )

/ - Ü™ô¶

sb - ò£ó£õ¶ å¼ ïðK¡ ªðò˜ (Somebody)

sth - ãî£õ¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ªðò˜ (Something)

do - M¬ù ( Verb )

doing - M¬ùJ¡ ing ܬñŠ¹ (Verb-ing ,i.e. eating,

trying... )

done - M¬ùJ¡ past participle ܬñŠ¹ ( Verb-pp,

i.e. eaten, gone... )

pat: wrong for (doing) sth - â¡ø£™ ܬìŠHÂœ ( )Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF»‹ Ü™ô¶ðò¡ð´ˆî£ñ½‹ õ£‚Aò‹ ܬñ‚èô£‹.

pat: be able - be Ýù¶ is, am, are, was, were

«ð£¡ø¬õèO™ ãî£õ¶ 塬ø °P‚°‹.

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48 Chapter 3: Sentence Patterns

(îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬îªîKòM™¬ôªîKòM™¬ôªîKòM™¬ôªîKòM™¬ôªîKòM™¬ô, Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù don’t

know Ý°‹.)

57. âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: Where to verb?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go?

58. ꣊H´õ âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: Where to verb to do (sth)?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go to eat?

59. èP ꣊H´õ âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: Where to verb to do (sth)?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go to eat mutton?

60. ⊪𣿶 ꣊H´õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: When to verb?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: When to eat?

61. â¡ù ꣊H´õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: What to verb?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: What to eat?

62. âŠð® ꣊H´õ¶?õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹: How to verb?

݃Aô õ£‚Aò‹: How to eat?

[°PŠ¹: õ£‚Aò ܬñŠH™ «õÁ Mîñ£ùªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ ñŸÁ‹ M¬ùè¬÷ ¬õˆ¶ ð™«õÁ݃Aô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ à¼õ£‚°ƒèœ]

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ð£ì‹ - 4

ñQî˜è¬÷ ðŸPòHóF ªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ

Chapter - 4

Pronouns of Humans

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Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 5150 Chapter 4: Pronouns of Humans

1. I

Meaning 1: Þ¶Þ¶Þ¶Þ¶Þ¶ subject Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ verb‚° º¡¹‚° º¡¹‚° º¡¹‚° º¡¹‚° º¡¹õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: , âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: , âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: , âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: , âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: , âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.

a. I walk -  ïì‚A«ø¡.b. I want money - âù‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠð´Aø¶.c. I have car - â¡Qì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶  裘

¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡.

2. My

Meaning 1: â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° (noun) º¡¹ ñ†´‹ º¡¹ ñ†´‹ º¡¹ ñ†´‹ º¡¹ ñ†´‹ º¡¹ ñ†´‹õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.

a. This is my car - Þ¶ â¡Â¬ìò 裘 Ý°‹.b. My car price is 6 lacs - â¡Â¬ìò è£K¡ M¬ô 6 ô†êƒèœ

Ý°‹.

3. Mine

Meaning 1: â¡Â¬ìò¶â¡Â¬ìò¶â¡Â¬ìò¶â¡Â¬ìò¶â¡Â¬ìò¶

a. The car is mine - 裘 â¡Â¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.b. Mine is red car - â¡Â¬ìò¶ C芹Gø 裘 Ý°‹.c. Your book is big. Mine is small - àƒèÀ¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹ ªðKò¶.

â¡Â¬ìò¶ CPò¶ Ý°‹.

4. Me

Meaning 1: ⡬ù, âù‚° ⡬ù, âù‚° ⡬ù, âù‚° ⡬ù, âù‚° ⡬ù, âù‚° (me / to me), â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ , â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ , â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ , â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ , â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ (withme)

a. You don’t hurt me - cƒèœ ⡬ù è£òŠð´ˆî£b˜èœ Ü™ô¶¹‡ð´ˆî£b˜èœ.

b. You give me the book - cƒèœ âù‚° Ü™ô¶ â¡Q싹ˆîè‹ ªè£´ƒèœ.

c. You come with me - cƒèœ â¡Âì¡ õ£¼ƒèœ.

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Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 5352 Chapter 4: Pronouns of Humans

Phrase Meaning 1: It’s me / this is me / that’s me - Þ¶  /Þ¶  / ܶ .

[º‚Aò °PŠ¹:º‚Aò °PŠ¹:º‚Aò °PŠ¹:º‚Aò °PŠ¹:º‚Aò °PŠ¹: Phrase Meaning â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡Ü˜ˆî¬î 𣘂è Ã죶.ܘˆî¬î 𣘂è Ã죶.ܘˆî¬î 𣘂è Ã죶.ܘˆî¬î 𣘂è Ã죶.ܘˆî¬î 𣘂è Ã죶.]

Phrase Meaning 2: me too - âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ô¬ñ.

d. I am hungry. Me too - âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶. âù‚°‹ Ü«îG¬ô¬ñ.

5. Myself

Meaning 1: ï£ù£è«õ, ù Ü™ô¶  îQò£è ï£ù£è«õ, ù Ü™ô¶  îQò£è ï£ù£è«õ, ù Ü™ô¶  îQò£è ï£ù£è«õ, ù Ü™ô¶  îQò£è ï£ù£è«õ, ù Ü™ô¶  îQò£è (l myself),,,,,⡬ù«ò,⡬ù«ò,⡬ù«ò,⡬ù«ò,⡬ù«ò,

a. I hurt myself -  ⡬ù«ò è£òŠð´ˆF ªè£œA«ø¡.b. l myself walked long -  îQò£è ÜFè Éó‹ ï쉫î¡

Ü™ô¶ ù ÜFè Éó‹ ï쉫î¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by myself - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).

c. I do the work all by myself -  «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£èªêŒA«ø¡.

6. We

Meaning 1:  / èœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹. èœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹. èœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹. èœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹. èœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹.

a. We go to temple - ï£ƒèœ «è£M½‚° ªê™A«ø£‹ Ü™ô¶ï£‹ «è£M½‚° «ð£A«ø£‹.

b. We need money - âƒèÀ‚° ðí‹ «î¬õ.

c. We have the car - âƒèOì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶.

Phrase Meaning 1: we Indians / we Tamils ... - Þ‰Fò˜è÷£Aò / îIö˜è÷£Aò .

d. We Indians should save the national integrity - Þ‰Fò˜è÷£Aò «îCò åŸÁ¬ñ¬ò ð£¶è£‚è «õ‡´‹.

7. Our

Meaning 1: âƒèÀ¬ìòâƒèÀ¬ìòâƒèÀ¬ìòâƒèÀ¬ìòâƒèÀ¬ìò / ¬ìò ¬ìò ¬ìò ¬ìò ¬ìò

a. India is our country - Þ‰Fò£ ¬ìò  Ý°‹ Ü™ô¶Þ‰Fò£ ï‹ ï£´ Ý°‹

b. Our student passed the exam - ¬ìò ñ£íõ˜ «î˜M™ªõŸP ªðŸø£˜.

8. Ours

Meaning 1: âƒèÀ¬ìò¶âƒèÀ¬ìò¶âƒèÀ¬ìò¶âƒèÀ¬ìò¶âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ / ¬ìò¶ ¬ìò¶ ¬ìò¶ ¬ìò¶ ¬ìò¶

a. The car is ours - 裘 âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.

b. Ours is big car - âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ ªðKò 裘 Ý°‹.

9. Us

Meaning 1: âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° (us / to us), âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,, âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,, âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,, âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,, âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,ì¡ï‹ºì¡ï‹ºì¡ï‹ºì¡ï‹ºì¡ (with us)

a. You don’t hurt us - cƒèœ âƒè¬÷ è£òŠð´ˆî£b˜èœ Ü™ô¶¹‡ð´ˆî£b˜èœ.

b. You give us the food - cƒèœ âƒèÀ‚° Ü™ô¶ âƒèOì‹àí¾ ªè£´ƒèœ.

c. You come with me - cƒèœ âƒèÀì¡ õ£¼ƒèœ.

Phrase Meaning 1: Let us do sth / Let’s do sth -  do â¡øªêò¬ô ªêŒòô£‹, all of us -  Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ â™«ô£¼‹,ï‹I™ ♫ô£¼‹, some of us - ï‹I™ Cô˜

d. Let’s go -  «ð£èô£‹.

e. All of us eat - ï£ƒèœ â™«ô£¼‹ ꣊H´A«ø£‹.

10. OurselvesMeaning 1: è÷£è«õ, è«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è è÷£è«õ, è«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è è÷£è«õ, è«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è è÷£è«õ, è«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è è÷£è«õ, è«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è (weourselves), âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,, âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,, âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,, âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,, âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,

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62 Chapter 4: Pronouns of Humans

40. is

Meaning 1: Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.

a. It is bus - Þ¶ ðv Ý°‹.

b. He is a thief - Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡ Ýõ£¡.

c. He is a good man - Üõ˜ ï™ô ñQî˜ Ýõ£˜.

d. The ball is on the table - ð‰¶ «ñ¬êJ¡ «ñ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.

º‚Aò õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡ ܘˆîƒèœ

by me - â¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£èâ¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£èâ¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£èâ¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£èâ¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£è,from me - â¡QìI¼‰¶,â¡QìI¼‰¶,â¡QìI¼‰¶,â¡QìI¼‰¶,â¡QìI¼‰¶,

in me - â¡QìˆF™,â¡QìˆF™,â¡QìˆF™,â¡QìˆF™,â¡QìˆF™,

to me - âù‚°,âù‚°,âù‚°,âù‚°,âù‚°,

for me - âù‚è£è,âù‚è£è,âù‚è£è,âù‚è£è,âù‚è£è,

with me - â¡Âì¡â¡Âì¡â¡Âì¡â¡Âì¡â¡Âì¡,through me - â¡ Íôñ£è.â¡ Íôñ£è.â¡ Íôñ£è.â¡ Íôñ£è.â¡ Íôñ£è.

(Þ«î ñ£FK Þ«î ñ£FK Þ«î ñ£FK Þ«î ñ£FK Þ«î ñ£FK us, you, him, her, it, them «ð£¡Á ñŸø«ð£¡Á ñŸø«ð£¡Á ñŸø«ð£¡Á ñŸø«ð£¡Á ñŸø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹.)

******

ð£ì‹ - 5

º‚Aòñ£ù ¹ô¡ ꣘‰îõ£˜ˆ¬îèœ

Chapter - 5

Important

Cognitive Words

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Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 6564 Chapter 5: Important Cognitive Words

1. About

Meaning 1: ðŸPðŸPðŸPðŸPðŸP, å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶Ý°‹.Ý°‹.Ý°‹.Ý°‹.Ý°‹.

a. The book is about politics - ¹ˆîè‹ ÜóCò¬ôŠ ðŸPÞ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ MõK‚Aø¶.

b. He lies about his age - Üõ¡ Üõ¬ìò õò¬îŠ ðŸPªð£Œ ªê£™Aø£¡.

Meaning 2: ãøˆî£ö.ãøˆî£ö.ãøˆî£ö.ãøˆî£ö.ãøˆî£ö. ( syn: approximately / roughly )

c. I live about 10 miles away -  ãøˆî£ö 10 ¬ñ™èÀ‚°ÜŠð£™ õC‚A«ø¡.

d. I leave the home about 10 PM -  ãøˆî£ö ñ£¬ô 10.30ñE‚° i†¬ì M†´ A÷‹¹A«ø¡.

Meaning 3: å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.

e. I am about to leave ( syn: about to + verb ) -  A÷‹¹õܙô¶ ¹øŠð´õ îò£ó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: how / what about sth / sb - cƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœñ¬ùM Þ¼õ¼‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ i†®Ÿ° õ¼õî£è ÜõK싪꣙Al˜èœ. àƒèœ ñ¬ùM‚° àì™ ïô‹ êKJ™¬ô.Ýîô£™, cƒèœ ñ†´‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ i†®Ÿ° ªê™Al˜èœ.ÜŠ«ð£¶, àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ «è†Aø£˜, “ã¡ àƒèœ ñ¬ùMõóM™¬ô, Üõ¼‚° â¡ù ÝJŸÁ?”. Þ ݃AôˆF™ howabout your wife / what about your wife â¡Á ܘˆî‹.

Phrase Meaning 1a: cƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ Þ¼õ¼‹«ðC‚ªè£‡®¼‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèÀ‚° ðC‚Aø¶.ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ ï‡ðKì‹ cƒèœ, “àƒèÀ‚°‹ ðC‚Aøî£?”â¡Á «è†ð how about you / what about you Ý°‹.

f. I am feeling hungry, what about you - âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶.àƒèÀ‚°?

g. I buy the house, what about you? -  i´ õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.cƒèÀñ£?

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Phrase Meaning 1b: cƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ Þ¼õ¼‹«ðC‚ªè£‡®¼‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ Þ¼õ¼‚°‹êLŠ¹ ãŸð´Aø¶. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ àƒèOì‹ ï£‹«õÁ ãî£õ¶ ªêŒòô£‹ â¡Aø£˜. Ü cƒèœ, CQñ£õ‚° «ð£èô£«ñ â¡Á ªê£™Al˜èœ. Þ݃AôˆF™ how about movie / what about movie â¡Á ܘˆî‹.

Phrase Meaning 2: that’s about it / that’s about all / that’s it - cƒèœ°ö‰¬îèÀ‚° è¬î ªê£™Al˜èœ. è¬î º®‰î î¼íˆF™“è¬î Üšõ÷¾  / è¬î º®‰¶ M†ì¶” â¡d˜èœ. Þ݃AôˆF™ that’s it â¡Á ܘˆî‹.

2. Above

Meaning 1: «ñ«ô«ñ«ô«ñ«ô«ñ«ô«ñ«ô, å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«óå¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«óå¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«óå¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«óå¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«óÞ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ 塬øªò£¡ÁÞ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ 塬øªò£¡ÁÞ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ 塬øªò£¡ÁÞ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ 塬øªò£¡ÁÞ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ 塬øªò£¡Áªî£ì‚Ã죶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.ªî£ì‚Ã죶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.ªî£ì‚Ã죶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.ªî£ì‚Ã죶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.ªî£ì‚Ã죶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.

a. The fan is above the table - I¡MCP «ñ¬ü‚° «ñ«ôÞ¼‚Aø¶.

b. The price is above Rs 5 - M¬ô 5 Ï𣌂° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.

c. You write the name above the address - cƒèœ ªðò¬óºèõK‚° «ñ«ô ⿶ƒèœ.

Meaning 2: «ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î«ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î«ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î«ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î«ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.

d. As I mentioned above, there is a big room in the house - «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì ñ£FK, i†®™ ªðKò ܬø Þ¼‚Aø¶.

e. Write to the above address for further information - ÜFèñ£ùîèõ½‚° «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì ºèõK‚° â¿î¾‹.

Meaning 3: Þ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ܉î ðîMÞ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ܉î ðîMÞ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ܉î ðîMÞ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ܉î ðîMÞ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ܉î ðîMÞ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.Þ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.Þ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.Þ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.Þ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.

f. I am above the manager -  «ñ«ùü˜ ðîM‚° «ñ«ôÞ¼‚A«ø¡. Üî£õ¶, â¡Â¬ìò ðîM «ñ«ùü˜ ðîM‚°«ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.

Phrase Meaning 1: above all - â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è, I躂Aòñ£è. ïñ‚° ° ªð£¼œèœ H®ˆF¼‚Aø¶. ÜF™Iè º‚Aòñ£ù¬î Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ð´Aø¶. ( syn: most of all /most importantly / particularly / primarily )

g. I like apple, orange and above all ice cream - âù‚° ÝŠHœ,Ýó…² H®‚°‹, â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è ävAK‹H®‚°‹.

h. Above all, I eat more vegetables - â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è, ÜFè 裌èPè¬÷ ꣊H´A«ø¡.

3. According to

Meaning 1: å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.

a. According to police, he is a thief ( pat: according to sb ) -«ð£L¬ú ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó, Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡.

Meaning 2: 塬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. 塬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. 塬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. 塬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. 塬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. ( pat: according to sth )

b. The students are grouped according to age - ñ£íõ˜èœ õò¬îªð£Áˆ¶ °¿‚è÷£è HK‚èŠð´Aø£˜èœ.

c. I play the cricket according to rules -  MFº¬øè¬÷Šªð£Áˆ¶ Ü™ô¶ H¡ðŸP AK‚ªè† M¬÷ò£´A«ø¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: according to plan - å¼ ªêò™ G¬ùˆîŠð® Ü™ô¶ ï‹ F†ìŠð® ïì‚Aø¶.

d. All went according to plan - â™ô£‹  G¬ùˆîŠð®ïì‚Aø¶.

4. Across

Meaning 1: °Á‚«è,°Á‚«è,°Á‚«è,°Á‚«è,°Á‚«è, å¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠå¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠå¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠå¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠå¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ ܬõèÀ‚° ªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ ܬõèÀ‚° ªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ ܬõèÀ‚° ªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ ܬõèÀ‚° ªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ ܬõèÀ‚° across õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.â´ˆ¶‚裆´‚° «ó£´, , ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.â´ˆ¶‚裆´‚° «ó£´, , ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.â´ˆ¶‚裆´‚° «ó£´, , ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.â´ˆ¶‚裆´‚° «ó£´, , ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.â´ˆ¶‚裆´‚° «ó£´, , ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.

a. I walk across the road -  «ó£†®¡ °Á‚«è ïì‚A«ø¡.

b. I see across the valley -  ðœ÷A¡ °Á‚«è𣘂A«ø¡.

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c. There is a crack across the road - «ó£†®¡ °Á‚«è MKê™Þ¼‚Aø¶.

( °PŠ¹: over â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹ °Á‚«è â¡Á ªð£¼œ.over ñŸÁ‹ across Þó‡´‚°‹ â¡ù MˆFò£ê‹ â¡ø£™over ‚° å¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ° ªî£ì£ñ™ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹. I jump over the road â¡ø£™,  «ó£†®Ÿ°°Á‚«è ´A«ø¡ â¡Á ܘˆî‹. Üî£õ¶ «ó£†®¡ å¼ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ° ªî£ì£ñ™ ªê™A«ø¡. )

Meaning 2: âF˜ð‚èˆF™âF˜ð‚èˆF™âF˜ð‚èˆF™âF˜ð‚èˆF™âF˜ð‚èˆF™ ( syn: on the other side / opposite ) ,,,,,â™ô£ð°FèO½‹â™ô£ð°FèO½‹â™ô£ð°FèO½‹â™ô£ð°FèO½‹â™ô£ð°FèO½‹ ( syn: throughout / all over / everywhere in )

d. My friend lives across the road - â¡Â¬ìò ï‡ð¡ «ó£†®¡âF˜ ð‚èˆF™ õC‚Aø£¡.

e. We conduct the election across the country - ï£ƒèœ ï£†®¡â™ô£ ð°FèO½‹ õ£‚ªè´Š¹ ï숶A«ø£‹.

Phrase Meaning 1: across the board - ♫ô£¼‚°‹, å¼ ªêò™i†®™ Ü™ô¶ ®™ Þ¼‚°‹ ܬùõ¬ó»‹ ð£FŠð¬îÞ¶ °P‚Aø¶.

f. Across the board, there is 10% pay increase - ♫ô£¼‚°‹10 êîMî ê‹ð÷ àò˜¾ Þ¼‚Aø¶.

5. After

Meaning 1: Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.

a. After the dinner, I go to bed - Þó¾ ꣊𣆴‚° Hø° ï£¡Éƒè ªê™A«ø¡.

b. After leaving the school, he works in the restaurant ( pat: afterdoing sth, sent1 ) - ðœO M†ìŠ H¡¹, Üõ¡ àí¾M´FJ™ «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£¡.

c. After 10 minutes, I go to college - 10 GIìˆFŸ° Hø° è™ÖK ªê™A«ø¡.

d. You write the address after the name - cƒèœ ºèõK¬òªðò¼‚° Hø° Ü™ô¶ ªðò¼‚° Ü´ˆîî£è â¿î¾‹.

e. I go to Salem. After (that) I go to Trichy ( pat: sent1, After (that)sent2 ) -  «êô‹ ªê™A«ø¡. Hø°  F¼„Cªê™A«ø¡.

Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õ‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õ‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õ‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õ‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õ‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.

f. The police is after me ( syn: look for / search for ) - «ð£Lv⡬ù H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶ «î® õ¼Aø¶.

g. He goes after her / He follows her - Üõ¡ Üõ¬÷H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê™Aø£¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: one after another / one after the other / one byone - å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è, Ü´ˆî´ˆ¶.

h. I drink five glasses of water one after another -  䉶 ì‹÷˜c¬ó Ü´ˆî´ˆ¶ °®‚A«ø¡.

Phrase Meaning 2: after you - å¼ ªêò¬ô ºîL™ cƒèœªêŒ»ƒèœ. Hø°  ªêŒA«ø¡. Üî£õ¶, cƒèœ ¬ðŠH™î‡a˜ H®‚è ªê™Al˜èœ. Ü«î êñòˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õ¼‹î‡a˜ H®‚è õ¼Aø£˜. Þ¼õ¼‹ å«ó êñòˆF™ °ìˆ¬î¬õ‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ cƒèœ, “ºîL™ cƒèœ î‡a˜H®»ƒèœ. Hø°  H®‚A«ø¡” â¡ð¬î after you âù‚Ãøô£‹.

6. Again

Meaning 1: e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.

a. I eat again / once again -  ñÁð®»‹ ꣊H´A«ø¡.

b. You do it again - cƒèœ ܬî e‡´‹ ªêŒ»ƒèœ.

Phrase Meaning 1: all over again - e‡´‹ å¼ ªêò¬ô ¹Fî£èªî£ì˜õ¶, start again - å¼ ªêò¬ô M†ì ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶e‡´‹ ªî£ì˜õ¶.

c. I write the essay all over again (syn: redo / repeat ) - 膴¬ó¬ò e‡´‹ ¹Fî£è ⿶A«ø¡.

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d. I start again the essay writing ( syn: resume / take up again ) - 膴¬ó ⿶õ¬î e‡´‹ M†ì ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ªî£ì˜A«ø¡.

Phrase Meaning 2: the same again - e‡´‹ Ü«î ªð£¼œÜ™ô¶ ªêò™, again and again / over and over again / often -e‡´‹ e‡´‹, Ü®‚è®.

e. The apple is very tasty. I want the same again - ÝŠHœ ï™ô²¬õò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.  e‡´‹ Ü«î ÝŠH¬÷M¼‹¹A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ ꣊Hì M¼‹¹A«ø¡.

f. I eat apple again and again -  e‡´‹ e‡´‹ Ü™ô¶Ü®‚è® ÝŠH¬÷ ꣊H´A«ø¡.

7. Against

Meaning 1: âFó£è, âFó£ù.âFó£è, âFó£ù.âFó£è, âFó£ù.âFó£è, âFó£ù.âFó£è, âFó£ù.

a. He votes against him - Üõ¡ Üõ‚° âFó£èõ£‚èO‚Aø£¡.

b. He fights against her - Üõ¡ ÜõÀ‚° âFó£è ꇬì«ð£´Aø£¡.

c. This is against the law - Þ¶ ê†ìˆFŸ° âFó£è Ü™ô¶¹ø‹ð£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.

d. He marries her against her wish - Üõ¡ Üõ¬÷ ÜõÀ¬ìòM¼ŠðˆFŸ° âFó£è F¼ñí‹ ªêŒAø£¡.

e. India plays against England in cricket - Þ‰Fò£ AK‚ªè†®™ÞƒAô£‰¶‚° âFó£è M¬÷ò£´Aø¶.

Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ꣌‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ꣌‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ꣌‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ꣌‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ꣌‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷«õÁð´ˆF 裇Hˆî™ Ý°‹.«õÁð´ˆF 裇Hˆî™ Ý°‹.«õÁð´ˆF 裇Hˆî™ Ý°‹.«õÁð´ˆF 裇Hˆî™ Ý°‹.«õÁð´ˆF 裇Hˆî™ Ý°‹.

f. He leans against the wall / He is against the wall - Üõ¡ ²õK¡e¶ Ü™ô¶ ²õK™ ꣌‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.

g. The ladder is against the wall - ãE ²õK™ ꣌‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø¶.h. I go against the wind ( syn: opposite direction of sth ) - 

裟P¡ âF˜ F¬êJ™ ªê™A«ø¡.

i. The apple is tasty as against the orange ( pat: as against sth) /The apple is tastier than the orange - ÝŠHœ Ýó…¬ê M첬õò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( syn: in comparison with / compared to /in contrast to )

Phrase Meaning 1: go against - Þ¼ Mêòƒèœ å¡Á‚ªè£¡Áºó‡ð£ì£è Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹.

j. The newspaper news goes against the TV news - «ðŠð˜ªêŒF»‹ ®M ªêŒF»‹ å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á ºó‡ð£ì£èÞ¼‚Aø¶.

Phrase Meaning 2: have something against - å¼õ˜ ã«î£ ñùF™¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ àƒè¬÷ ªõÁŠð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Üõ˜ã¡ ÜŠð® ªêŒAø£˜ â¡Á àƒèÀ‚° ⶾ‹ ¹Kò£¶.

k. He has something against me - Üõ˜ ã«î£ ñùF™¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ ⡬ù ªõÁ‚Aø£˜.

Phrase Meaning 3: sb1 turn sb2 against sb3 - sb1-Ýùõ˜ sb2-¬òsb3-‚° âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õ‚Aø£˜. Þ¶ ãî£õ¶ ªð£Œè¬÷ªê£™L âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õŠð¶ Ý°‹.

l. He turns my sister against me - Üõ˜ â¡Â¬ìò è¬òâù‚° âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õ‚Aø£˜.

8. AllMeaning 1: â™ô£, â™ô£‹. â™ô£, â™ô£‹. â™ô£, â™ô£‹. â™ô£, â™ô£‹. â™ô£, â™ô£‹. ( syn: every / everyone )

a. I eat all the bread / I eat all of the bread -  â™ô£ªó£†®¬ò»‹ ꣊H´A«ø¡.

b. The boys watch the movies all day - ¬ðò¡èœ  º¿õ¶‹ðì‹ ð£˜‚Aø£˜èœ.

c. All girls stand on the ground -â™ô£ ªð‡èÀ‹ î¬óJ¡ «ñ™GŸAø£˜èœ.

Meaning 2: 񆴋񆴋񆴋񆴋񆴋 ( syn: only )d. All I want is pencil and eraser ( pat: All I want / need / like verb sth

) / I want only pencil and eraser - âù‚° ªð¡C™ ñŸÁ‹ÜNŠð£¡ ñ†´‹ «î¬õŠð´Aø¶.

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Phrase Meaning 1: is that all? - ܶ Üšõ÷¾î£ù£?. Üî£õ¶,cƒèœ G¬ù‚°‹ ªð£¼œ cƒèœ âF˜ð£˜ˆî¬î Mì âOî£èA¬ì‚°‹«ð£¶ Þ¶ õ¼‹.

e. The pen is only Rs 20. Is that all? - «ðù£ ªõÁ‹ 20 Ïð£ŒÝ°‹. æ, ܶ Üšõ÷¾î£ù£?

Phrase Meaning 2: All along sth - sth-¡ â™ô£ «ïóº‹. ( syn: allthe time / during )

f. I work all along the day -   º¿õ¶‹ Ü™ô¶ ï£O¡â™ô£ «ïóº‹ «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.

9. Along

Meaning 1: õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.

a. I walk along the road -  «ó£´ õNò£è ïì‚A«ø¡. (°PŠ¹: å¼ ªð£¼œ Üî£õ¶ ð‰¶ ü¡ù™ õNò£èªê™Aø¶ â¡Á‚Ãø the ball goes through the window Ý°‹ )

b. The crowd is along the road - ñ‚èœ Ã†ì‹ «ó£´ õNò£èÞ¼‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ñ‚èœ «ó£´ õNò£è Þ¼Šð¶ õK¬ê«ð£¡Á è£íŠð´‹.

c. The army is along the border - Þó£ õ ió˜èœ ♬ôJ¡õNò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ Ü™ô¶ ♬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.

Phrase Meaning 1: come / go / get along - å¼õK¡ àì™G¬ô«îPõ¼Aø¶, get along with sb - å¼õ˜ ñŸøõKì‹ ï¡ø£èðö°Aø£˜.

d. I had fever. Now, I get along well - âù‚° 裌„ê™ Þ¼‰î¶.ÞŠªð£¿¶ â¡Â¬ìò àì™G¬ô ï¡ø£è «îPõ¼Aø¶.

e. He gets along with me very well - Üõ˜ â¡Qì‹ Iè ï¡ø£èðö°Aø£˜.

Phrase Meaning 2: along with sth - å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ ñŸøªð£¼Àì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õ‚辋. Þƒ° sth -Ýù¶ ñŸøªð£¼¬÷‚ °P‚°‹.

f. You put the pencil on the table along with other pencil - cƒèœªð¡C¬ô «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ™ ¬õ‚辋, ªð¡C¬ô ¬õ‚°‹«ð£¶ Þ¬î ñŸø ªð¡C™èÀì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õ‚辋.

Phrase Meaning 3: along the same lines - å¼ ªêò¬ô å¼õ˜ªêŒî ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ ªê£¡ù ñ£FK ªêŒõ‹. ( syn: similarly/ likewise )

g. He handled the situation very well. We should act along the samelines - Üõ˜ Å›G¬ô¬ò ï¡ø£è êñ£Oˆî£˜. ‹ Ü«îñ£FK ªêŒò «õ‡´‹.

10. Among

Meaning 1: ñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ ÜñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ ÜñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ ÜñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ ÜñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ Ü«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚°P‚°‹.°P‚°‹.°P‚°‹.°P‚°‹.°P‚°‹. ( °PŠ¹:°PŠ¹:°PŠ¹:°PŠ¹:°PŠ¹: between â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ )

a. I walk among the trees -  ñóƒèO¡ ñˆFJ™ ïì‚A«ø¡.

b. The house is among the hills - i´ ñ¬ôèO¡ ñˆFJ™Þ¼‚Aø¶.

Meaning 2: å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.

c. The problem gives more worries among the people - Hó„ê¬ùñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™ ÜFè èõ¬ôè¬÷ î¼Aø¶.

d. I am one among them -  Üõ˜èO™ å¼õ˜ Ü™ô¶ ï£Â‹Üõ˜èO™ å¼õó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.

e. The villagers are among the casualities ( syn: include ) -Aó£ñõ£CèÀ‹ Þø‰îõ˜èO™ Ü샰õ˜.

Phrase Meaning 1: among the other things - º‚Aòñ£è, °PŠð£è.( syn: specifically / importantly / particularly )f. I discuss about lots of problems in meeting. Among the other things,

I discuss about poverty -  ÆìˆF™ G¬øòHó„ê¬ùè¬÷Š ðŸP Mõ£F‚A«ø¡. ÜF™ º‚Aòñ£è, 㛬ñ¬òŠ ðŸP Mõ£F‚A«ø¡.

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Phrase Meaning 2: among yourselves / ourselves / themselves -àƒèÀ‚°œ / âƒèÀ‚°œ / Üõ˜èÀ‚°œ

g. They fight among themselves ( syn: with each other ) - Üõ˜èœÜõ˜èÀ‚°œ ê‡¬ìŠ «ð£´Aø£˜èœ.

11. Ago

Meaning 1: º¡¹º¡¹º¡¹º¡¹º¡¹, Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ before, earlier, previously, back«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á  ªð£¼œ.«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á  ªð£¼œ.«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á  ªð£¼œ.«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á  ªð£¼œ.«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á  ªð£¼œ. ago õ£˜ˆ¬î õ£˜ˆ¬î õ£˜ˆ¬î õ£˜ˆ¬î õ£˜ˆ¬îîQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀì‹îQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀì‹îQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀì‹îQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀì‹îQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀì‹õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.õ¼‹.

a. I ate food 2 hours ago ( syn: 2 hours before / earlier / back /previously ) -  Þó‡´ ñE «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ àí¾ê£ŠH†«ì¡.

b. I went to Italy a long ago -  ªó£‹ð è£ôˆFŸ° º¡¹Þˆî£L «ð£«ù¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: a minute ago / a second ago / a moment ago / ashort time ago / not long ago / just now - êŸÁ «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ (ÞŠð )

c. I drank the water a minute ago -  êŸÁ «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹Ü™ô¶ ÞŠð î‡a˜ °®ˆ«î¡.

Phrase Meaning 2: a long ago/ a long time ago - ªó£‹ð «ïóˆFŸ°( è£ôˆFŸ° ) º¡¹.

d. There was a king a long time ago - ªó£‹ð è£ôˆFŸ° º¡¹å¼ Üóê˜ Þ¼‰î£˜.

Phrase Meaning 3: how long ago? - âšõ÷¾ è£ôˆFŸ° Ü™ô¶«ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‰î¶ âù °P‚Aø¶.

e. How long ago did you buy the computer? - âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆFŸ°( ÷‚° ) º¡¹ cƒèœ è‹HÎ†ì˜ õ£ƒAm˜èœ?Ýù£™, when did you buy the computer? â¡ø£™ ⊪𣿶è‹HÎ†ì˜ õ£ƒAm˜èœ? â¡Á ܘˆî‹.

12. Ahead

Meaning 1: º¡ù£®º¡ù£®º¡ù£®º¡ù£®º¡ù£®, º¡ù£™º¡ù£™º¡ù£™º¡ù£™º¡ù£™, ( syn: in front of, before ) Þ¶ å¼Þ¶ å¼Þ¶ å¼Þ¶ å¼Þ¶ 弪𣼜 Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.

a. The car is ahead of me ( pat: ahead of sth/sb ) - 裘 âù‚°º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶ ( °PŠ¹: The car is ahead â¡ø£™è£˜ ã«î£ å¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶ )

Meaning 2: õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.

b. Three people are ahead of me ( pat: ahead of sth / sb ) - Í¡Á«ð˜ âù‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.

c. B is ahead of A ( i.e. A, B, C, D ———> ) - H Ýù¶ ã ‚°º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶.

Meaning 3: âF˜è£ôˆF™âF˜è£ôˆF™âF˜è£ôˆF™âF˜è£ôˆF™âF˜è£ôˆF™, ïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õ

å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶.d. There are big problems ahead/ ahead of us - âF˜è£ôˆF™

ïñ‚° G¬øò Hó„ê¬ùèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.

e. I think about the exam 4 months ahead ( syn: I think about theexam 4 months before ) -  ° ñ£îƒèÀ‚° º¡ð£è«õ«î˜¬õŠ ðŸP «ò£C‚A«ø¡.

f. I cooked the rice two hours ahead -  «ê£Á Þó‡´ ñE«ïóˆFŸ° º¡ð£è«õ ê¬ñˆ«î¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: ahead of schedule / ahead of time / early -ïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶.

g. I completed the work ahead of time -  «õ¬ô¬òº¡ùî£è«õ º®ˆ«î¡. Üî£õ¶ õö‚èñ£ù «ïóˆFŸ°º¡«ð «õ¬ô º®‰¶ M†ì¶.

Phrase Meaning 2: go ahead - å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒòàƒèOì‹ ÜÂñF «è†Aø£˜. Ü‰î ªêò¬ô î£ó£÷ñ£èªêŒ»ƒèœ â¡Á cƒèœ ªê£™½õ go ahead â¡Á ªð£¼œ.

h. Can I do this work? yes, go ahead -  Þ‰î «õ¬ô¬òªêŒòô£ñ£? Ý‹, î£ó£÷ñ£è ªêŒ»ƒèœ.

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172. Yesterday

Meaning 1: «ïŸÁ«ïŸÁ«ïŸÁ«ïŸÁ«ïŸÁ

a. I come / came to Salem yesterday -  «ïŸÁ «êô‹ õ‰«î¡.

173. Yet

Meaning 1: Þ¶ å¼ ªêò™ ޡ‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á ÃøÞ¶ å¼ ªêò™ ޡ‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á ÃøÞ¶ å¼ ªêò™ ޡ‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á ÃøÞ¶ å¼ ªêò™ ޡ‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á ÃøÞ¶ å¼ ªêò™ ޡ‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á Ãøðò¡ð´Aø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øðò¡ð´Aø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øðò¡ð´Aø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øðò¡ð´Aø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øðò¡ð´Aø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øõ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.õ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.õ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.õ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.õ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´Aø¶.

a. Has he come yet? - Üõ˜ õ‰¶ M†ì£ó£? Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜Þ¡Â‹ õóM™¬ôò£?

b. Has the bus left (to) the Salem? not yet - ðv «êôˆFŸ° A÷‹HM†ìî£? ޡ‹ Þ™¬ô.

c. I haven’t told the news yet / I still haven’t told the news - ޡ‹ ªêŒF¬ò ªê£™ôM™¬ô.

Phrase Meaning 1: yet to do sth - do â¡ø ªêò¬ô ÞQ«ñ™î£¡ªêŒò «õ‡´‹. Üîõ£¶ do â¡ø ªêò¬ô ޡ‹ªêŒòM™¬ô.

d. I am yet to write the letter -  ÞQ«ñ™î£¡ è®î‹ â¿î«õ‡´‹.

e. He has yet to receive the offer letter - Üõ¡ «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹è®îˆ¬î ÞQ«ñ™î£¡ ªðø «õ‡´‹. Üî£õ¶ Üõ¡Þ¡Â‹ «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ è®îˆ¬î ªðøM™¬ô.a.

******

ð£ì‹ - 6

500îI› õ£‚AòƒèO¡

݃Aô õ£‚Aò ܬñŠ¹èœ

Chapter - 6

500

Tamil Situations

into

English Sentence Patterns

170 Chapter 5: Important Cognitive Words

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1. õ£ƒè õ£ƒè / i†®Ÿ° õ£¼ƒèœ - Welcome home

2. «êôˆFŸ° àƒè¬÷ õó«õŸA«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ õó«õŸA«ø£‹ - Welcometo Salem (Pat: welcome to Place Name)

3. â¡ù ꣊H®Pƒè - What would you like to eat? (Pat: what wouldyou like to do sth)

4. cƒèœ ðö‹ ꣊Hì M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?- Would you like to eat fruit?(Pat: would you like to do sth)

5. cƒèœ ãî£õ¶ ꣊Hì M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?- Would you like to eatanything? (Pat: would you like to do anything)

6.  pv °®‚è M¼‹¹A«ø¡ - I would like to drink juice (Pat: Iwould like to do sth)

7. âŠð® Þƒè õ‰Fƒè - How did you come here / How you camehere

8.  裘ô õ‰«î¡ - I came by car

9. Üõ¡ 裘ô õó£¡ Ü™ô¶ õ¼Aø£¡ - He comes by car

10. ã¡ Þƒè õ‰Fƒè - Why did you come here / Why you came here

11. cƒè ÞŠð â¡ù ð‡Pƒè - What do you do now / what you do now

12. cƒè âˆî¬ùò£õ¶ õ°Š¹ ð®‚APƒè - How many-ith class do youstudy? [NLRC Method] / What class are you in? [For Schools] /What year are you (in)? [For Colleges]

13. cƒè â‰î õ°Š¹ ð®‚APƒè - Which / What class do you study? /Which / What class you study?

14. â‰î è¬ìòô ¶E â´ˆFƒè - Which shop did you buy the cloth ?/ Which shop you bought the cloth?

15. àƒè ªð£‡ ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝJ´„ê£ - Is your daughter married?/ Does your daughter get married? / have your daughter gotmarried?

16. àƒè ªð£‡ ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝA âšõ÷¾ ï£÷£„²? - How long hasyour daughter been married? (Pat: How long has sb been married)

17. âšõ÷¾ ï£÷£ Þƒè «õ¬ô ªêŒPƒè? - How long do you workhere?

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18. âƒè ªð£‡ ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝA 䉶 õ¼ìƒèœ ÝAM†ì¶ - Ourdaughter has been married for 5 years / It is 5 years since ourdaughter got married.

19. Üõ¡ ñô¬ó è™ò£í‹ ªêŒ¶‚A†ì£¡ - He married (to) Malar / Heis married (to) Malar / He got married (to) Malar

20. Üõ‚° C¡ù õòC«ô è™ò£í‹ ÝJ´„² - He married young /He got married young

21.  è™ò£í‹ ªêŒ¶‚è ‹ - I have to marry / I have to get married

22. Þ‰î «ðù£¬õ âšõ÷¾‚° õ£ƒAQƒè - How much is this pen?/How much you pay for the pen?

23. àƒèA†ì âˆî¬ù «ðù£ Þ¼‚°¶ - How many pens (do) youhave?

24. âˆî¬ù º¬ø Ü™ô¶ îì¬õ ᆮ «ð£J¼‚APƒè - How manytimes did you go to Ooty? / How many times have you been Ooty?

25.  «è£J½‚° «ð£øŠð™ô£‹  ܉î ñ󈶂° î‡a˜ áŸÁ«õ¡- 1) Everytime / Whenever I go to temple, I pour water to that tree:2) I go to temple. At that time, I pour water to that tree.

26.  «ïˆ¶î£¡ CƒèŠÌKL¼‰¶ õ‰«î¡ - I came from Singaporeyesterday only.

27.  ÞóJ™«õ v«ìê‚° «ð£Œ «ê˜‰«î¡ - I reached the railwaystation.

28. ÞóJ™ v«ìê‚° Þó¾ 10 ñE‚° õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î¶ - The train arrivedat the station at 10 PM.

29. ÞóJ™ v«ìê‚° Þó¾ 10 ñE‚° õ‰î¶ - The train came to thestation at 10 PM.

30.  ï™ô «ê£Á ꣊H†´ 10 ï£œèœ ÝAø¶ - It is ten days since Ieat good food (Pat: It is Time since Sent1) / It is ten days since Ihave eaten my fill.

31. àƒèÀ‚° ãî£õ¶ àîM «õ‡´ñ£? - Can I help you? / What canI do for you?

32. Þ‰î ͆¬ì¬ò É‚A†´ «ð£ - You carry the luggage.

33. ͆¬ì¬ò «ñ«ô É‚° - Lift the luggage up / above.

34. «ñ«ô «ð£ - Go above / up

35. ü¡ùL¡ ð‚èˆF™ Ü™ô¶ ð‚èõ£†®™ G™ - Stand by the window

36. ü¡ùL™ ꣌‰¶ G™ - Stand against the window

37. «ð¡ «ñ¬ü‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The fan is above the table ( Pat:sth1 is above sth2; st1= àòóˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ªð£¼œ)

38. Üõ¬ù Þƒè Þ¿ˆ¶‚A†´ õ£ - You bring / pull him here

39. âšõ÷¾ ï£À‚° º¡ù£® cƒè «êô‹ «ð£mƒè - How long ago didyou go to salem?

40. Üõƒè 弈° å¼ˆî˜ ªõ†®A†ì£ƒè - They hit / kill each other/ They hit / kill among themselves

41. ù Üšõ÷¾ Éó‹ ïì‰«î¡ Ü™ô¶ ù îQò£ Üšõ÷¾ Éó‹ïì‰«î¡ - I myself walk that much distance.

42. Þ¬î â¡A†ì ªê£™ô£«î - Don’t tell this

43. ⶂè£è c Üõ¬ù Ü®„ê - Why (What for) did you hit him?

44. c ⡬ù Ü®‚è àù‚° âšõ÷¾ ¬îKò‹ - How dare you (to) hitme?

45. ͆¬ìJ™ 膮J¼‚Aø èJˆ¬î ܾˆ¶M´ - You untie the robethat ties in the luggage / You untie the tying robe in the luggage.

46. ñ£†¬ì H®„C è‹HJô 膴 - Tie the cow in the bar

47. ñóˆF™ 膮J¼‚Aø ݆¬ì H®„C†´ õ£ - You bring the goat thatties in the tree / You bring the tying goat in the tree.

48. Üõ¬ù ÝvðˆFK‚° Æ®A†´ «ð£ƒè - You take him to hospital.

49. Üõ‚° ªó£‹ð Ü®ð†®¼‚° - He got injured (hurt) seriously / Hewas seriously injured (hurt)

50. Y‚Aó‹ 𴂬èJL¼‰¶ â¿ - Get up quickly from the bed.

51. è¬ì‚° «ð£øŠð Üõ¬ù 𣘈¶†´ «ð£ - You go to shop. At thattime, you see him / When you go to shop, you see him

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459.  ݈ɘ õNò£è ªê™A«ø¡ - I go through (via) attur / I passAttur on the way.

460.  Üõ¡ Íôñ£è ªêŒF¬ò «è†«ì¡ - I heard the news through/ by him.

461. áªó™ô£‹ å«ó ðóðóŠð£ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is a tension all over /through out the town.

462. è¬ì 9 ñE õ¬ó Fø‰F¼‚°‹ - The shop opens till 9 o’clock / theshop is opened till 9 o’clock.

463. ܉î ܬøJ™ 10 «ð˜ õ¬ó Üñóô£‹ - Upto 10 people can sit in theroom.

464.  è£H °®‚è ðöA ªè£‡«ì¡ - I am used to drink coffee.(pat:be used to do sth)

465.  º¡¹ è£H °®„CA†´¼‰«î¡, (Ýù£™ ÞŠ«ð£¶ è£H °®Šð¶Þ™¬ô) - I used to drink coffee (pat: use to do sth)

466. Þ‰î õNJ™ «ð£ƒèœ - Go this way.

467. â‰î F¬ê õì‚° - Which way is north?

468. Üõ˜ õNJ™ õ‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜ - He is on the way.

469. â¡ù ¹ˆîè‹ àù‚° «õ‡´‹ - What book you want?

470. â¡ù ªêòø¶¡Â ªîKòô - Don’t know what to do.

471. Üõù Þƒè õóªê£™½ - Ask him to come here.

472. cƒè ªêòø¶  - What are you doing is wrong.

473. ÞŠð â¡ù ꣊Hìô£‹ - What to eat now?

474. Þ‰î 裟ø£® âîŸè£è? - What for this fan?

475. Þ¡Q‚° ñ¬ö ªðŒ…ê£ â¡ù ð‡ Mƒè - What if it rains today.

476. ⊪𣿶 «êô‹ «ð£èô£‹ - When shall we go to salem?

477. âŠð™ô£‹ àù‚° «î£Â«î£ ÜŠð Þƒè õ£ - Whenever possible /felt, you come here.

478. âƒè «ð£õ¶ â¡Á ªê£™½ƒèœ - Please tell me where to go.

479. âƒè Þ¼‚Al˜è«÷£ ܃è Þ¼ƒèœ - Stay where you are / Don’tmove.

480. ò£¼‚° 憴 «ð£ìø¶? - Who to vote?

481. «èœM¬ò ò£˜A†ì «è†ð¶ - Who to ask the question?

482. Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò¶? - Whose is this?

483. Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹? - Whose book is this?

484. Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ ò£¼¬ìò¶? - Whose is this book?

485. ã¡ Üõ¡ «è£ðñ£è Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - Why he is angry?

486. ã¡ Üõ¡ ޡ‹ A÷‹¹ô - Why doesn’t he leave yet? / Why hedoesn’t leave yet?

487. ã¡ Üõ¡ A÷‹¹ø£¡? - Why he leaves?

488.  à¡Âì¡ õ«ó¡ - I come with you.

489.  Üõ¬ó ñ£íõ˜ î¬ôõó£è ܃AèK‚A«ø¡- I acknowledgehim as the student leader.

490. â¡e¶ °Ÿø‹ ²ñˆî£«î - Don’t accuse me.

491. ð£ˆFóˆF™ î‡a¬ó áŸÁ - Pour the water in the utensil.

492. ð£ˆFóˆF™ ñ£¬õ ªè£†´ - Put / pour the flour in the utensil.

493. ªïŒ áŸP M÷‚° «ð£´ - Light up the Vilakku using ghee.

494. î¬ó¬ò «îŒ‚裫î - Don’t rub the floor.

495. î‡E¬ò áŸP î¬ó¬ò 迾 - Clean the floor with water / Pourthe water on the floor and clean it.

496. ⡬ù cƒèœ ñô˜ â¡Á ÊH´ƒèœ - Call me Malar.

497. Üõ¬ó Üõ¼¬ìò ñ£ñ£ õ÷˜ˆî£˜ - His uncle brought up him.

498. ꣊Hìø¶‚° ªõOJô «ð£ô£ñ£? - Can we go out to eat?

499. âù‚° ¹ˆF ⶾ‹ ªê£™ô£«î - Don’t advise me on anything.

500. îI› õ£›è - TAMIL VALGA.

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