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SPECIAL PENAL LAWS

Lecture Notes

Judge Pimentel2ndSem., SY 2009-2010

INDETERMINATESENTENCELAW

(Act No. 4103, as amended)

nde! t"e #e$ised Penal %ode (#P%), t"e!e a!e &ou! g!ou's

o "ose entitled to t"e *ndete!minate Sentence +a (*S+)

o "ose not entitled to t"e *S+

o "ose con$icted o& sta&a (A!t. 31 #P%)

o "ose con$icted o& "e&t (A!ts. 30/-309 #P%)

"e!e a!e #P% c!imes "e!e t"e accused is not entitled to *S+ (see Sec.

2 *S+)

o National secu!it

o !eason (including cons'i!ac, '!o'osal, mis'!ision)

o aitual delinuent

o sca'ed &!om con&inement

o iolated 'a!don

o *ndi$isile 'enalt (li&e im'!isonment, reclusion perpetua)

o 5a6imum o& t"e 'enalt does not e6ceed one ea!

o Penalt im'osed is not im'!isonment

nde! S'ecial Penal +as (SP+), accused a!e also entitled to t"e

ene&its o& *S+

o 7%P &o! s'ionage (unde! #P% and %A 818)

*& SP+ 'enalt is t"e same as #P% 'enalt (same te!minolog and

du!ation), e6ceeds one ea!, not indi$isile, *S+ a''lies

A&te! dete!mining t"e im'osale 'enalt, loo at agg!a$ating, mitigating(o!dina!, '!i$ileged) ci!cumstances

o *& '!i$ileged, cou!t "as disc!etion to loe! 'enalt one o!

to deg!ees

o No, mino!it onl !esults in loe!ing 'enalt one deg!ee

:nce 'enalt is dete!mined, ;udge "as disc!etion it"in t"e !ange

(minimum-ma6imum)

*m'o!tance o& *S+ to '!isone!

o *& '!isone! e"a$es, u'on se!$ing t"e minimum, can al!ead

a''l &o! 'a!don o! 'a!ole

"atindete!minate? &!om minimum o& t"at

'enalt to ma6imum o& t"at 'enalt

S% no mo!e st!aig"t 'enalt, 7%P i& 'enalt is one ea! o! less

*& SP+ "as its on 'enalt@s'eci&ic 'enalt

o 6. 'enalt o& 8 ea!s to 12 ea!sindete!minate sentence is

&!om 8 ea!s as minimum to 12 ea!s as ma6imum

o! esta&a@t"e&t ("e!e t"e!e is additional im'!isonment ased on

$alue@amount)

o Penalt is ased on amount

o o! t"e e6cess (one ea! im'!isonment &o! e$e! P10,000 in

e6cess o& P22,000) add onl to t"e ma6imum 'e!iod, in no caseto e6ceed 20 ea!s

*& 'enalt is one 'e!iod, t"e ma6imum is also one 'e!iod A !ong 'enalt does not attain &inalit

PROBATIONLAW

(P.B. No. 98/, as amended)

8 ea!s o! less, does not elong in e6ce'tions C entitled to '!oation

Accused does not go to '!ison

Di$en t"e o''o!tunit to !e;oin societ

"is as a PB issued 5a!cos

5anaged Pa!ole and P!oation :&&iceo =e&o!e onl P!oation :&&ice

o Pe!sons 'laced on 'a!ole and t"ose g!anted conditional 'a!don

e!e !eui!ed to !e'o!t to t"e munici'al ;udge

o #ecommendation t"at t"is dut e taen aa &!om ;udges and

t!ans&e!!ed to t"e Pa!ole and P!oation o&&ice

E"o a!e uali&ied

o %on$icted and sentenced to a 'enalt o& im'!isonment o& 8

ea!s o! less o! !eui!es 'ament o& a &ine

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Not uali&ied

o "ose sentenced to sus'ension o! destierroa!e not entitled to

'!oation

o %on$icted o& su$e!sion, c!ime against national secu!it o!

'ulic o!de!

o P!e$iousl 'laced unde! '!oation

o As '!o$ided la

6. #A 918 (Bange!ous B!ugs Act)

=ut mino! unde! 1 ma e 'laced on

'!oation

P!ocess

*mmediatel a&te! ;udgment, 3 c"oices

o A''eal

o ile 5# (do t"is &i!st)

o A''l &o! '!oation

Ad$antageous i& ou &ile 5#, ma lead to ce!tio!a!i (#ule 8), allege

t"is al!ead in ou! 5# so ou can easil &ile ce!tio!a!i late!

*& 5# denied, a''l &o! '!oation, since a''eal is a ai$e! o& !ig"t to

a''l &o! '!oationF &iling o& #ule 8 is not a ai$e! o& t"e !ig"t toa''l &o! '!oation

G;udge decides 5#@a''lication &o! '!oation a&te! la'se o& 'e!iod to

a''eal, N: du!ing t"e 1 da 'e!iodF t"is is to a&&o!d due '!ocess to

t"e accused to allo "im to c"ange "is mind in "is c"oice o& !emed

Judge ma o!de! '!osecuto! to comment on t"e a''lication &o!

'!oation, ut '!osecuto! not !eui!ed to com'l

A&te! 'e!iod to comment "as la'sed, and t"e!e is no o''osition o! t"e

o''osition lacs me!it o! "as no legal g!ound, ;udge ill issue an o!de!

gi$ing due cou!se to t"e a''lication (ut t"is is not a g!ant o& '!oation

et) and o!de!ing t"e 'a!ole and '!oation o&&ice! stationed to t"e cou!t

to conduct a 'ost-sentence in$estigation and to sumit suc"in$estigation it"in a 'e!iod o& 80 das &!om !ecei't o& t"e o!de! o& t"e

cou!t

in t"e same o!de! t"e cou!t ill di!ect t"e accused@a''licant to !e'o!t to

t"e 'a!oled and '!oation o&&ice! it"in H2 "!s &!om !ecei't o& co' o&

t"e o!de!

o ecause t"e &i!st 'e!son to e inte!$ieed t"e 'a!ole and

'!oation o&&ice! (PP:) must e t"e accused

ou ant to see i& t"e accused admits to $iolating t"e

la since t"is is a sign o& !emo!se

Post-sentence in$estigation

o *nte!$ie

Accused

%om'lainant

:&&icials o& t"e communit

Natu!e o& 'ost-sentence in$estigation !e'o!t

o "is is a con&idential document t"at cannot e !e$ealed to

anone ut t"e a''licanto Pe!son "o !e$eals t"e contents o& t"is !e'o!t to a t"i!d 'e!son

commits an o&&ense 'unis"ale 1 ea! im'!isonment t"at is

N: '!oationale

Post sentence in$estigation !e'o!t contains !ecommendation &o! g!ant o!

denialF cou!t ill sc"edule a con&idential "ea!ing (in c"ame!s) on t"e

!e'o!t

*& '!oation is denied, a''licant ma &ile 5# o! !eso!t to ot"e! !emedies

*& g!anted, cou!t ill issue an o!de! g!anting '!oation, t"e to

mandato! conditions (1. #e'o!t to '!oation o&&ice! "o ill su'e!$ise

"im it"in H2 "!sF 2. #e'o!t at least once a mont" to t"e '!oation

o&&ice!), and ot"e! conditions i& !eui!ed t"e cou!t (see Sec. 10,P!oation +a)

o 'lant and ca!e &o! t!ees, to !ende! communit se!$ice, etc, can e

!eui!ed

=ut once t"ese conditions a!e acce'ted, t"e a!e mandato! and must e

com'lied it"

"e!e is a case t"at seems to allo a 'e!'etual condition

o !at "aIing caseF as com'!omise, accused e!e !eui!ed to,

'lead guilt to !ecless im'!udence !esulting in "omicide, setu' a &oundation and to mae mont"l cont!iutions as long as

t"e a!e ca'ale o& 'aingF one accused ased &o! cla!i&ication

on "o long "e "as to 'aF S% said t"at since t"e com'!omiseas ag!eed u'on t"e 'a!ties and not a cou!t o!de!, t"e

commitment must e "ono!e

ANTI-FENCINGLAW

(PB 1812)

Passed du!ing ma!tial laF at t"e time t"e!e as a '!oli&e!ation o& sale o&

t"ings otained &!om !oe! o! t"e&t

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>!oe!? in Anti-&encing la co$e!s all inds o& !oe! (including

!igandage, "ig"a !oe!, e$en 'i!ac is included in t"e anti-&encing

la since it is asicall !oe! in ate!s)

>t"e&t? includes all inds o& t"e&t (uali&ied t"e&t, t"e&t in ot"e! SP+sG)

Got"e! inds o& t"e&t e!e t!ans&e!!ed to SP+s since it ould e easie! to'!o$e since t"e a!e no mala prohibitaG6. #A H/32 t"at 'unis"es t"e&t o& elect!icit, ta''ing o& elect!ic

i!ings to seconda! lines, and ot"e! simila! o&&enses

Pe!son "o sells stolen elect!icit, us stolen elect!icit, a!e t"e liale

&o! &encing

Be&inition

o encing is t"e act o& an 'e!son "o, it" intent to gain &o!

"imsel& o! &o! anot"e!, s"all u, !ecei$e, 'ossess, ee',

acui!e, conceal, sell o! dis'ose o&, o! s"all u and sell, o! in

an ot"e! manne! deal in an a!ticle, item, o;ect, o! ant"ing

o& $alue "ic" "e nos, o! s"ould e non to "im, to "a$e

een de!i$ed &!om t"e '!oceeds o& t"e c!ime o& !oe! o! t"e&t

:ne "o nos or ought to know/should be known to him

o $en i& ou a!e in good &ait" ut t"e ci!cumstances a!e

sus'icious, ou a!e lialeF e6. ou oug"t a #ole6 atc" at a$e! lo '!ice &!om a ta6i d!i$e!

o encing is malum prohibitum, intent is immate!ial

"e!e need not e a '!e$ious con$iction o& !oe! o! t"e&t

*& ou a!e ale to '!o$e t"at t"e sou!ce o& t"e a!ticle is legitimate, ou

cannot e "eld c!iminall liale

o 6. ou oug"t a second "and la'to' ou oug"t &!om a

com'ute! sto!e and as issued a !ecei'tF ou ill not e "eld

c!iminall liale unde! anti-&encing

*s t"e!e a necessit o& '!o$ing t"at t"e '!o'e!t su;ect o& &encing t"at

as otained &!om a '!o$en !oe! o! t"e&t N:

o act t"at t"e '!o'e!t as &ound in t"e 'ossession o& anot"e! is

t"e&tF 'e!son "o is in 'ossession o& t"e same and is engaged in

uing o! selling it is c!iminall liale &o! &encing

*t ma e "a!d to dete!mine i& goods a!e actuall oned 'a!ticula!

'e!sons suc" as stolen !ice, &is"

Penalt &o! c!ime o& anti-&encing is t"e same as t"e&t (A!t. 309 #P%)

sual o&&ende!s a!e t"ose engaged in t"e usiness o& uing and selling

second "and goods

*##

o Station %ommande!s "a$e $isito!ial 'oe!s o$e! all

estalis"ments engaged in t"e uing and selling o& 2nd "and

goodsF t"e can mae an in$ento! o& goods oug"t and sold

and t"ose still in t"e estalis"ment

o Station %ommande! "as asolute 'oe! to close estalis"ments

t"at a!e &ound to $iolate t"e la

o Station %ommande! "as aut"o!it to issue t"e !eui!ed

clea!ance@'e!mit@ce!ti&icate o& aut"o!it

o Pe!mit is it"out cost

o can e e '!otected i& e ant to u second "and goods

o As &o! t"e !ecei't e$idencing t"at t"e selle! oug"t t"e a!ticle

"e is sellingF i& ou u it, get t"e !ecei't

o *& no !ecei't

Pans"o's ill as ou to e6ecute an a&&ida$it o&

one!s"i'F ou ill "a$e a co', t"e "a$e a co'

$en i& no &o!mal a&&ida$it, can state in a 'iece o&

'a'e! t"at t"e 'e!son is t"e one!, t"is is su&&icient

"e!e a!e >la!ge-scale? $iolations o& anti-&encing la

%!ime o& esta&a is not included in anti-&encing la

o %i$il action against t"ose "o sell t"ings "ic" a!e t"e '!oduct

o& esta&a ()

ILLEGALPOSSESSIONOFFIREARMS

(PB 1/88 as amended #A /294)

=e&o!e t"is as 'assed, t"e!e as al!ead a la on &i!ea!ms in t"e

Administ!ati$e %ode

o Penalt unde! Admin %ode as onl 1 ! o& im'!isonment

PB 1/88 (e&o!e #A /294) made illegal 'ossession o& &i!ea!ms a

"einous c!ime 'unis"ale !eclusion 'e!'etua to deat"

o *& unlicensed &i!ea!m used in illing a 'e!son, 'enalt is deat"

o Not entitled to ail

o !ied milita! commission

#A /294

o 5ade clea! "at &i!ea!ms a!e su;ect to license i!ea!ms and

6'losi$es :&&ice

Acts 'unis"ale

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o Possession o& &i!ea!m it"out a license

*& ou ill ca!! &i!ea!ms, ou must "a$e a license and

'e!mit to ca!! (P%F i& ou ill ca!! &i!ea!ms outside

ou! !esidence)

o Possession o& &i!ea!m it" e6'i!ed license

o Possession o& &i!ea!m it" license in t"e name o& anot"e!

'e!son

o Possession o& &i!ea!m e$en it" license ut du!ing e&&ecti$it o&

a '!oclamation cancelling all e6isting license

Possession o& a &i!ea!m also co$e!s 'ossession o& 'a!ts o& a &i!ea!m and

'ossession o& ammunition

Penalties im'osed de'ends on t"e calie! o& &i!ea!ms

o +o calie!-'!ision co!!eccional ma6imum

.22 (e6ce't .22 5agnum #i&le)

.2

.32

.3/

.40@9mm

o

ig" calie!-'!ision mao! minimum .3H 5agnum

.4

.44

.0

.80

#i&les ("et"e! .30, .8H, a!malite, m-14, m-18,

ga!and, ca!ine, =!oning Automatic #i&le)

+o calie!-5%F "ig" calie!-#%

*llegal 'ossession o& e6'losi$es-'unis"ale '!ision mao!

6'losi$es can e licensed e$en in &a$o! o& '!i$ate 'e!sons

i!ea!ms t"at a!e e6clusi$el used t"e AP, PNP, and ot"e! s'ecial&o!ces in ot"e! 'a!ts o& t"e o!ld cannot e licensed to '!i$ate

indi$iduals (e6. !ocet launc"e!, #PD, ce!tain s'ecial !i&les)

*t is also an o&&ense to ca!! a &i!ea!m e$en i& licensed it"out a P%

('unis"ale a!!esto mao!)

"is o&&ense !eui!es a negati$e allegation in t"e in&o!mation, t"at t"e

accused does not "a$e a licensed, P%, o! is not alloed to ca!! a

&i!ea!m

P!osecution "as u!den o& '!o$ing t"at t"e 'e!son "as no license,

e$idence is testimon o& !e'!esentati$e &!om : t"at t"e accused "as

no license and a ce!ti&ication &!om t"e : t"at t"e 'e!son is not listed

among t"ose "o "a$e license, o! else t"e case ill e dismissed

o "is cannot e sti'ulated on ecause t"e allegation in t"e

in&o!mation is a negati$e one

!ansient 'ossession is a de&ense

Act o& "a$ing an intent to 'ossess is 'unis"aleF no intent to 'ossess, not

c!iminall liale

E"en &i!ea!ms used in t"e commission o& anot"e! o&&ense

o Aso!ed in "omicide o! mu!de!, ecomes a s'ecial

agg!a$ating ci!cumstance

o Peo'le $. Pande!angan ()

*& du!ing t"e commission o& a c!ime, an accused uses

an unlicensed &i!ea!m, t"e c!ime o& illegal 'ossession

ill e aso!ed

o Peo'le $. So!iano

5ust '!o$e t"at t"e &i!ea!m as used in t"e

commission o& t"e c!ime

OBSTRUCTIONOFJUSTICE

(P.B. No. 1/29)

:&&s"oot o& A!t. 19 #P% (accesso!ies)F accesso!ies unde! #P% a!e

'!inci'als unde! PB 1/29

Punis"es acts "ic" &!ust!ate o! tend to &!ust!ate t"e a''!e"ension and

'!osecution o& c!iminal o&&ende!s in c!iminal cases

* # *S N: %#*5 %:55*B, # *S N:

:=S#%*:N : JS*%

Sec. 1 () can also co$e! o;ect e$idence, not limited to documents

*n Sec. 1 (c), t"e act must e done noingl o! ill&ullF t"e!e must e

an unla&ul 'u!'ose to conceal an o&&ende!

%!ime unde! #P% o& use o& &ictitious name to conceal a c!ime is also

'unis"ale unde! Sec. 1(d)F du'lication o& t"e o&&ense mig"t e an issue

since t"e act ill e 'unis"ale unde! ot" i& t"e!e is c!iminal intent

Sec. 1(e) 'unis"es act o& delaing t"e '!osecution in c!iminal cases AS

+:ND AS N: :# %#*5 *S %:55*B

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Sec. 1(&) 'unis"es act o& maing o! '!esenting &alse o;ects, !eco!ds,

documents, etc. in c!iminal cases

Sec. 1 (g) 'unis"es act o& soliciting, acce'ting ene&it in conside!ation

o& astaining &!om, discontinuing, o! im'eding c!iminal '!osecution

o P!olem in cases o& esta&a, mal$e!sation, $iolation o& SSS +a,

o! an ot"e! case "e!e mone is in$ol$ed, com'lainant is

inte!ested in t"e ci$il as'ectF once "e is 'aid, "e ma e6ecute ana&&ida$it o& desistanceF is t"is ost!uction o& ;ustice

Bo not use t"is !eason &o! e6ecuting an a&&ida$it o&

desistance, as t"is ma lead to '!osecution unde! PB

1/29F state ot"e! legal ;usti&ications &o! cou!t to dismiss

t"e case

6. &o! esta&a, t"e!e must e a !itten demand

Sec. 1(") K use o& t"!eats, intimidation

Sec. 1(g) K gi$ing &alse in&o!mation to aut"o!itites

"e la does not '!o$ide &o! t"e same e6ce'tion to !elati$es unde! A!t.

19, 20 #P% (ut no decided case et)

Lambino v. OMB () K i& a!!esting o&&ice!s a!e committing an illegal act

(suc" as illegal o! in$alid a!!antless a!!est, etc.) t"e!e is no ost!uction

o& ;ustice in !esisting t"e a!!estF t"is t"e e6e!cise o& a !ig"t a 'e!son to

'!e$ent an illegal act &!om eing committed

Enrile v. AminK ost!uction o& ;ustice is aso!ed in !eellion

ANTI-GRAFTANDCORRUPTPRACTICESACT

(#A 3019, as amended)

%once!ns mainl 'ulic o&&icials and em'loees ut ma include '!i$ate

indi$iduals "o, in cons'i!ac it" t"e 'ulic o&&ice!s and em'loees,

commits t"e acts 'unis"ale

Acts ma e 'unis"ed se'a!atel

Sec. 3(a)

o 5e!e act o& 'e!suading, inducing, o! in&luencing

o iolation o& an la

o =ot" t"e one 'e!suading and t"e one 'e!suaded a!e liale

Sec. 3()

o Simila! to t"at in #P%

o e!e, t"e t!ansaction must "a$e al!ead een &inaliIedF i& not

et &inaliIed, ma e 'unis"ed unde! anot"e! 'a!ag!a'" o!

unde! #P%

Sec. 3(c)

o *n connection it" gi$ing 'e!mits@licenses

Sec. 3(d)

o Acce'ting em'loment in '!i$ate ente!'!ise

o 6tends to &amil meme!s

Sec. 3(e)

o %ausing undue in;u! t"!oug" mani&est 'a!tialit, e$ident ad

&ait", g!oss ine6cusale negligence

o >undue in;u!?-!oad co$e!age, as long as damage o! '!e;udice

as caused t"e act o& t"e 'ulic o&&ice!

o >g!oss ine6cusale negligence? K i& onl sim'le negligence, not

co$e!ed

Sec. 3(&)

o Bela

o o! 'u!'ose o& otaining ene&it &!om 'e!son inte!ested

Sec. 3(g)o nte!ing on e"al& o& t"e go$e!nment

Sec. 3(")

o inancial inte!est in an usiness in "ic" "e inte!$enes

Sec. 3(i)

o *nte!est &o! 'e!sonal gain in an act "ic" !eui!es a''!o$al

oa!d o& "ic" "e is a meme!

o $en i& "e $otes against t"e same o! does not tae 'a!t in t"e

action o& t"e oa!d

Sec. 3(;)

o D!anting license to t"ose not uali&ied o! entitled

Sec. 3()o Bi$ulging in&o!mation

o >in&o!mation? K includes !esolutions, decisions

Sus'ension

o =e&o!e an o&&ice! can e sus'ended, t"e!e must e a '!e-

sus'ension "ea!ing

P!esc!i'ti$e 'e!iod s"all e &!om t"e commission o& t"e o&&enseF 'e!iod

is 1 ea!s

JD DE LA CUESTA

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SPECIAL PENAL LAWS