Splices and Connectors Fin

7/29/2019 Splices and Connectors Fin

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Splices And ConnectorsBy Ramya R

(R & M)


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Fiber Joints Fibers must be joined when

You need more length than you can get on a single

roll

Connecting distribution cable to backbone

Connecting to electronic source and transmitter

Repairing a broken cable


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Types of fiber jointsSplicesConnectors


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Splices v/s ConnectorsA permanent connection or a joint is referred to as

Splice.

An easily demountable joint or connection is called

as a Connector .Connectors are generally used atpatch panels, and can be disconnected.


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Types of SplicesFusion SpliceV-Groove MechanicalspliceThe Elastic Tube Splice


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Fusion Splice Melts the fibers together to form a continuous

fiber

Expensive machine

Strongest and best join for single mode fiber

May lower bandwidth of multimode fiber


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V -Groove Mechanical Splice In the V-Groove splice technique the prepared fiber ends

are first butted together in a V- shaped groove as shown

in fig

They are then bonded together with an adhesive or are

held in by means of a cover plate.

The V

Shaped channel could be either a grooved silicon, plastic ,ceramic or metal substrate .

The splice loss in this method depends strongly on the fiber size(Outside dimensions and core diameter variations ) and

eccentricity (the position of core relative to the center of the fiber)


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Elastic Tube Splice

It automatically performs lateral, longitudinal and angular alignment It splices multimode fiber with losses in the range as commercial fusion

splice

Less equipment and skills are needed

It consists of tube of an elastic material

Internal hole is of smaller diameter as compared to the fiber and is tapered

at two ends for easy insertion of the fiber

A wide range of fiber diameters can be spliced

The fibers to be spiced might not be of the same diameter, still its axial

alignment will be maximum.


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Principle requirements of a good connector design are asfollows:Coupling loss:The connector assembly must maintain stringent alignment tolerances to

ensure low mating losses. The losses should be around 2 to 5 percent (0.1 to 0.2

dB) and must not change significantly during operation and after numerousconnects and disconnects.

Interchangeability:Connectors of the same type must be compatible from one manufacturer to

another.

Ease of assembly:A service technician should be able to install the connector in a field

environment, that is, in a location other than the connector attachment

factory.

Optical Fiber Connectors


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Low environmental sensitivity:Conditions such as temperature, dust, and moisture should have a small effect on

connector loss variations.

Low cost and reliable construction:The connector must have a precision suitable to the application, but it must be

reliable and its cost must not be a major factor in the system.

Ease of connection:Except for certain unique applications, one should be able to mate and disconnect

the connector simply and by hand.

Optical Fiber Connectors


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The key components are a long, thin stainless steel, glass, ceramic, or plasticcylinder, known as a ferrule, and aprecision sleeveinto which the ferrule fits.

This sleeve is known variably as an alignment sleeve, an adapter, or acoupling receptacle.

The center of the ferrule has a hole that precisely matches the size

of the fiber cladding diameter.

Connector Components:Connectors are available in designs that screw on, twist on, or snap in place.Thetwist-on and snap-on designs are the ones used most commonly.

The basic coupling mechanisms used belong to either butt-jointor theexpanded-beam classes. The majority of connectors use a butt-joint couplingmechanism.


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Employs lenses on the end of the fiber.These lenses either collimate the light emerging from the transmitting

fiber, or focus the expanded beam onto the core of the receiving fiber.

Optical processing elements, such as beam splitters and switches, can

easily be inserted into the expanded beam between the fiber ends.

Connector Components:


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Connector are available in designs that screw on, twist on, orsnap

into place

Most commonly used are twist on, orsnap on designs

These include single channel and multi channel assemblies

The basic coupling mechanism is either a Butt joint or an expandedbeam class

Butt joint connectors employ a metal, ceramic or a molded plastic

Ferrule for each fiber


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Expanded Beam Fiber Opticconnector

Expanded beam connector employs lenses on the end of the fibers.

The lenses collimate the light emerging from the transmitting fiber

and focuses the beam on the receiving fiber

The fiber to lens distance is equal to the focal length

As the beam is collimated so even a separation between the fiberswill not make a difference

Connector is less dependent on the lateral alignment

Beam splitters or switches can be inserted between the fibers


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There are numerous connector styles and configurations.

ST is derived from the words straight tip, which refers to the ferrule

configuration.

SC mean subscriber connector or square connector, although now the

connectors are not known by those names.

A connector designed specifically for Fibre Channel applications was

designated by the letters FC.

Since Lucent developed a specific connector type, they obviously

nicknamed it the LC connector.

ST

SC

FC

LC

The letters MU were selected to indicate a miniature unit.MU

The main ones are ST, SC, FC, LC, MU, MT-RJ , MPO, and variations onMPO.

Optical ConnectorTypes


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The designation MT-RJ is an acronym for media termination

recommended jack.MT-RJ

The letters MPO were selected to indicate a multiple-fiber, push-

on/pull-offconnecting function.

MPO

Optical ConnectorTypes


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SC connectorST connector


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FC connector LC connector


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MU

MT-RJ

MPO


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Splices and Connectors Fin

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