Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Technological Revolution...

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Chapter Introduction

Section 1: The Technological Revolution

Section 2: The Clinton Years

Section 3: A New Wave of Immigration

Section 4: An Interdependent World

Visual Summary

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Chapter Intro

How Has Technology Changed Society?

In the late twentieth century, the development of new technology, including personal computers, mobile phones, and the Internet, revolutionized the way people lived.

• What other eras in American history experienced rapid

technological change?

• Has the computer revolution changed society for the

better? Why or why not?


Chapter Timeline


Chapter Intro 1

The Technological Revolution

How did the technological revolution change American society?


Chapter Intro 2

The Clinton Years

What were the successes and shortcomings of the Clinton Administration?


Chapter Intro 3

A New Wave of Immigration

How did new immigration laws change American society?


Chapter Intro 4

An Interdependent World

Why did the world become more interdependent in the 1990s?


Chapter Preview-End


Section 1-Main Idea

Big Ideas

Computers, Telecommunications, and the Internet The introduction of the first electronic digital computer in 1946 launched a technological revolution.


Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• integrated circuit

• microprocessor

• telecommute

• blogs

Academic Vocabulary

• device

• refinement

• communications


Section 1-Key Terms

People and Events to Identify

• ENIAC

• Silicon Valley

• Steve Jobs

• Bill Gates


A. A

B. B

Section 1-Polling Question

Do you use the Internet on a daily basis?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 1

The Computer Changes Society

A computer revolution changed the workplace and the way people communicate.


Section 1

• The world’s first electronic digital computer, called ENIAC, went into operation in February 1946.

• In early 1959 Robert Noyce designed the first integrated circuit, which made circuits much smaller and very easy to manufacture.

• The region located south of San Francisco is known as Silicon Valley.

The Computer Changes Society (cont.)


Section 1

• In 1968 Noyce and his colleague Gordon Moore formed Intel, a company that developed the microprocessor.

• In 1976 Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs founded Apple Computer and completed the Apple I.

• In 1981 International Business Machines (IBM) introduced the “Personal Computer” (PC).

• Apple responded with the Macintosh in 1984.



Section 1

• Nineteen year-old Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft to design PC software.

• In 1985 Microsoft introduced the “Windows” operating system.

• By the late 1990s, workers used home computers and electronic mail to “telecommute.”



Section 1

• One major telecommunications technology that became very popular was the cell phone.

• Wireless digital technology transformed many consumer products, such as music players and cameras.


The Rise of the Internet


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following is the name for the area where many companies made products using integrated circuits?

A. Computer Valley

B. Silicon Valley

C. Chip Country

D. Circuit City


Section 1

The Rise of the Internet

A computer resource that linked government agencies developed into the Internet.


Section 1

• The Internet originated as a resource that linked government agencies.

• The Internet is the physical network of computers connected together by phone lines, cable lines, and wireless communications.

The Rise of the Internet (cont.)


Section 1

• By 2007 more than 1 billion people were regularly using the Internet.

• In 1990 researchers at CERN developed a new way to present information on computers linked to the Internet.

• Known as the World Wide Web, this system used hypertext and could be accessed with software known as the web browser.



Section 1

• A few Internet companies have become major success stories, such Amazon.com, Google, and Yahoo.

• The World Wide Web has become a way to build a sense of community for many people.

• For example, blogs allow people to share photos, stories, and opinions about many topics.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

0% 0%0%0%

The first system that linked computers at government agencies, defense contractors, and several universities, enabling them to communicate with one another, was referred to as which acronym?

A. ARPANET

B. NSFNet

C. MYNet

D. INFONet


Section 1-End


Section 2-Main Idea

Big Ideas

Government and Society President Clinton pushed through laws to help families and strengthen gun control, but he also raised taxes and failed to reform health care.


Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• perjury

• ethnic cleansing

Academic Vocabulary

• modify

• unprecedented

• participant


Section 2-Key Terms


• AmeriCorps

• Contract with America

• Kenneth Starr

• Dayton Accords


A. A

B. B


Do you think that Clinton should have been impeached?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 2

Clinton’s Agenda

President Clinton took office in 1993 with plans for improving health care, cutting the federal deficit, aiding families, and increasing gun control.


Section 2

• The new president put forth an ambitious domestic program focusing on five major areas: the economy, the family, education, crime, and health care.

• Clinton believed that the key to economic growth was to lower interest rates.

• One way to bring interest rates down was to reduce the federal deficit.

Clinton’s Agenda (cont.)


Section 2

• He proposed raising tax rates for middle and upper-income Americans and placed new taxes on gasoline, heating oil, and natural gas.

• Clinton created a task force to reform the health care system, lead by his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton.

• The task force developed a plan to guarantee health benefits for all Americans, but it put much of the burden on paying for the benefits on employers.



Section 2

− The plan died without a vote.

• Clinton did manage to push several major pieces of legislation through Congress.

• His first success was the Family Medical Leave Act.

• He also persuaded Congress to create the AmeriCorps program.



Section 2

• Clinton had also promised to get tough on crime during his campaign, and he strongly endorsed new gun-control laws.

− The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was passed.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

Section 2

Clinton introduced another crime bill that proposed which of the following?

A. Providing extra funds for states to build new prisons

B. Placing 100,000 more police officers on the streets

C. Banning 19 kinds of assault weapons

D. Providing money for crime prevention programs

E. All of the above

0% 0% 0%0%0%


Section 2

Republicans Gain Control of Congress

Republican victories in Congress led to conflicts between the executive and legislative branches of the federal government.


Section 2

• As the 1994 midterm elections neared, congressional Republicans, led by Newt Gingrich of Georgia, created the Contract with America.

• Republicans won a stunning victory—for the first time in 40 years, they had a majority in both houses of Congress.

Republicans Gain Control of Congress (cont.)


Section 2

• In 1995 the Republicans clashed with the president over the new federal budget.

• By standing firm against the Republican budget proposals and allowing the government to shut down, Clinton regained much of the support he had lost in 1994.



Section 2

• In the months before the 1996 election, the president and the Republicans worked together to pass the Health Insurance Portability Act and the Welfare Reform Act.

• President Clinton won again in the 1996 election against Bob Dole and H. Ross Perot.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

0% 0%0%0%

H. Ross Perot ran as the candidate of which party in 1996?

A. Democratic

B. Republican

C. Reform

D. Independent


Section 2

Clinton’s Second Term

Clinton tried to focus the domestic agenda on the needs of children, but personal problems marred his second term.


Section 2

• In 1997 for the first time in 24 years, the president was able to submit a balanced budget to Congress.

• During his second term, Clinton’s domestic agenda shifted toward helping the nation’s children, as well as American students.

Clinton’s Second Term (cont.)


Section 2

• Clinton became entangled in two serious scandals that threatened to undermine his presidency.

• Clinton was accused of arranging illegal loans for Whitewater Development while he was governor of Arkansas.

• A special three-judge panel appointed Kenneth Star, a former federal judge, to investigate.



Section 2

• In 1998 a new scandal emerged involving a personal relationship between the president and a White House intern.

• On December 19, 1998, the House of Representatives passed two articles of impeachment—one for perjury and one for obstruction of justice.

• Both votes were well short of the two-thirds needed to remove the president from office, but Clinton’s reputation had suffered.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

0% 0%0%0%

Clinton helped children by instituting the following changes EXCEPT

A. A $500 per child tax credit

B. The Adoption and Safe Families Act

C. Head Start

D. A Children’s Health Insurance Program


Section 2

Clinton Foreign Policy

During Clinton’s second term, the United States worked to end violence in Haiti, southeastern Europe and the Middle East.


Section 2

• Seeking to restore democracy in Haiti, the Clinton administration convinced the United Nations to impose a trade embargo on the country.

• The embargo created a severe economic crisis in the country.

• Determined to end the crisis, Clinton ordered an invasion of Haiti, but former president Jimmy Carter convinced Haiti’s rulers to step aside.

Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)


Section 2

• In Bosnia, one of the former Yugoslav republics, a vicious three-way civil war erupted between:

– Orthodox Christian Serbs

– Catholic Croatians

– Bosnian Muslims



Section 2

• The Serbs began what they called ethnic cleansing of the Muslims.

• NATO warplanes attacked the Serbs in Bosnia, forcing them to negotiate.

• The participants signed a peace plan known as the Dayton Accords.

• In 1996 60,000 NATO troops entered Bosnia to enforce the plan.



Section 2

• In 1998 another war erupted between the Serbs and the Albanians in the Serbian province of Kosovo.

• In March 1999 NATO began bombing Serbia; in response, Serbia pulled its troops out of Kosovo.



Section 2

• Although Iraq had been defeated in the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein remained determined to hang onto power.

• In 1996 Iraqi forces attacked the Kurds.

• The U.S. fired cruise missiles at Iraqi military targets.

• Relations between Israel and the Palestinians were even more volatile, and remain so to this day.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

0% 0%0%0%

Who was the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization?

A. Yasir Arafat

B. Yitzhak Rabin

C. Ehud Barak

D. Slobodan Milosevic


Section 2-End


Section 3-Main Idea

Big Ideas

Trade, War, and Migration A new immigration law allowed more people to immigrate to the United States.


Section 3-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• migration chains

• refugees

• amnesty

Academic Vocabulary

• illegal

• allocate

• resident


Section 3-Key Terms


• Immigration Act of 1965

• Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

• Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996


A. A

B. B


Do you feel that the United States should have stricter immigration laws?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 3

Changes in Immigration Law

The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated preferences for certain European immigrants; illegal immigration became a problem.


Section 3

• The Immigration Act of 1965 gave preference to skilled persons and persons with close relatives who are U.S. citizens.

• The preference given to the children, spouses, and parents of U.S. citizens meant that migration chains were established.

• The legislation introduced limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere.

Changes in Immigration Law (cont.)

Estimated Unauthorized Resident Population, 2000


Section 3

• Newcomers arrived in the United States as refugees as well.

• The refugee policy was further broadened under the Refugee Act of 1980.



Section 3

• The growing problem of illegal immigration also prompted changes in immigration law.

• During the Reagan administration, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

• The act established a process to grant amnesty and legal papers to any documented alien who could prove that he or she had entered the country before January 1, 1982, and had resided in the United States since then.



Section 3

• Illegal immigration persisted, and the law that resulted was the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996.

• The USA Patriot Act of 2001 put immigration under the control of the newly created Department of Homeland Security.


Deaths of Persons Attempting to Cross the Border Illegally


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following acts requires families sponsoring an immigrant to have an income above the poverty level?

A. Immigration Act of 1965

B. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

C. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

D. USA Patriot Act


Section 3

Recent Immigration

In the late twentieth century, immigrants from Latin America and Asia outnumbered European immigrants.


Section 3

• By 2001 the top five countries of origin for legal immigrants to the United States were:

– Mexico

– India

– China

– The Philippines

– Vietnam

Recent Immigration (cont.)


Section 3

• During the Cuban Revolution of 1959, more than 800,000 Cubans arrived in the U.S.

• Some 600,000 immigrants came from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia because of the Vietnam War.



Section 3

• The Reagan administration’s amnesty program in 1986 had been designed to eliminate the problem of undocumented aliens, but over the next 20 years the number of unauthorized immigrants tripled.

• In 2006 President George W. Bush made immigration reform a top priority, but members of Congress strongly disagreed over how to solve the problem.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

0% 0%0%0%

The largest number of unauthorized immigrants come from the following countries EXCEPT

A. Mexico

B. Puerto Rico

C. El Salvador

D. Guatemala


Section 3-End


Section 4-Main Idea

Big Ideas

Economics and Society As the twentieth century drew to a close, world trade and environmentalism became increasingly more important during a period of globalization.


Section 4-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• globalism

• euro

• global warming

Academic Vocabulary

• cited

• awareness


Section 4-Key Terms


• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• European Union (EU)

• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

• World Trade Organization (WTO)

• Kyoto Protocol


A. A

B. B


Do you feel that the United States should embrace free trade or should limit trade?

A. Free trade

B. Limit trade

0%0%


Section 4

The New Global Economy

Regional trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), reflected the growing interdependence of the global economy.


Section 4

• The idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected is sometimes referred to as globalism, and the process is called globalization.

• By the 1990s, the debate between supporters of free trade and those who wanted to limit trade had become an important part of American politics.

• One way to increase international trade was to create regional trade pacts.

The New Global Economy (cont.)


Section 4

• In 1994 President Clinton convinced the Senate to ratify the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

• Regional trade blocs also formed in Europe and Asia.

• In 1993 the European Union (EU) was created.

• The EU created a common bank and the euro.


World Trading Blocs, c. 2000


Section 4

• Another trade bloc that came together in the early 1990s was the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

• In 1994, some 120 nations, including the United States, formed the World Trade Organization (WTO).


Rise of Global Trade and Global GDP


Section 4

• Despite the reservations of many people about trading with China, Clinton urged Congress to grant China permanent normal trade relation status.


− The bill passed in late 2000.


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following represented the fastest-growing region in the world and controlled 47% of global trade in 2001?

A. North America

B. Europe

C. Pacific coast nations

D. Asia


Section 4

Global Environmentalism

As scientists learned that certain chemicals could damage the Earth’s ozone layer, they worked to ban their use; concern about global warming became a serious political issue.


Section 4

• After the rise of globalism, environmentalists began thinking of the environment as a global system.

• In 1987 the United States and 22 other nations agreed to phase out the production of CFCs and other chemicals that might be weakening the ozone layer.

Global Environmentalism (cont.)


Section 4

• In the early 1990s another global environmental issue developed when some scientists found evidence of global warming.

• The issue became very controversial because the cost of controlling emissions would affect the global economy.



Section 4

• In 1997 38 nations and the EU signed the Kyoto Protocol promising to reduce emissions, but very few have actually complied with its requirements.

• In 2001 President George W. Bush withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Protocol, citing flaws in the treaty.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

0% 0%0%0%

When did public awareness of CFC production increase dramatically?

A. When winters became warmer

B. When an ozone hole over Antarctica was discovered

C. When skin cancer numbers increased

D. When acid rain became a problem


Section 4-End


VS 1

A Changing Society

The Technical Revolution

• The invention of the integrated circuit and microprocessors enables small personal computers built by Apple and IBM.

• The telecommunications revolution leads to the development of small portable cell phones, and digital video and audio players.

• The rise of the Internet and World Wide Web provide new ways for people to retrieve information, build communities, and do business.


VS 2

A Changing Society

A New Wave of Immigrants

• New immigration laws in 1965 and 1986 contribute to a rise in Hispanic immigration and an increase in immigrants from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

• The American population becomes increasingly culturally diverse.


VS 3

The Rise of a Global Economy

• Free trade, in combination with the technological revolution, creates a new global marketplace.

• Increasing awareness of the global economy also sparks a new global environmentalist movement.

A Changing Society


VS 4

The Clinton Years

First Term Achievements and Failures

• Raised taxes to help cut the deficit

• Proposal for a national health care program fails

• Signed the Family Medical Leave Act into law

• Persuaded Congress to create AmeriCorps

• Signed the Brady Handgun Bill into law

• Worked with Republicans to push the Health Insurance Portability Act and the Welfare Reform Act through Congress


VS 5

The Clinton Years

Second Term Achievements and Failures

• Submits a balanced budget to Congress

• Convinces Congress to pass a new tax credit for children and a children’s health insurance program

• Impeached on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice but is acquitted by the Senate


VS 5

The Clinton Years

Foreign Policy Achievements

• Dispatched troops to Haiti to restore democracy

• Dispatched troops to Bosnia and bombed Serbia to end the civil war and ethnic cleansing that followed the breakup of Yugoslavia

• Mediated negotiations between Israel and the PLO


VS-End


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Vocab1

integrated circuit

a complete electronic circuit on a silicon chip that is small and easy to produce

Vocab2

microprocessor

a computer processor containing memory and computing functions on a single chip

Vocab3

telecommute

to work at home by means of an electronic linkup with a central office

Vocab4

blog

online journal where an individual, group, or corporation presents a record of activities, thoughts, or beliefs

Vocab5

device

a piece of equipment or a mechanism designed to serve a special purpose or perform a special function

Vocab6

refinement

the act or process of improving or perfecting

Vocab7

communications

the various medias and processes by which information is exchanged between individuals

Vocab8

perjury

lying when one has sworn under oath to tell the truth

Vocab9

ethnic cleansing

the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of ethnic minorities by a dominant majority group

Vocab10

modify

to make changes or alter

Vocab11

unprecedented

without previous instance

Vocab12

participant

one who takes part or shares in something

Vocab13

migration chain

the process by which immigrants who have acquired U.S. citizenship can send for relatives in their home country to join them

Vocab14

refugee

someone leaving his or her country due to a well founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular group, or political opinion

Vocab15

amnesty

the act of granting a pardon to a large group of people

Vocab16

illegal

not according to or authorized by law

Vocab17

allocate

to set apart for something specific

Vocab18

resident

one who lives in a place for some length of time

Vocab19

globalism

the idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected

Vocab20

euro

the basic currency shared by the countries of the European Union since 1999

Vocab21

global warming

an increase in average world temperatures over time

Vocab22

cite

to point out as an example in an argument or debate

Vocab23

awareness

the state of having or showing realization, perception, or knowledge

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