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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: First in Freedom
Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina
Section 3: Rights of Citizens
Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro 1
You can learn about North Carolina history from colonization to the present by visiting monuments, parks, and historical buildings. North Carolinians are devoted to preserving their state’s history.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 1: First in Freedom
Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. North Carolina was one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule in the American Revolution.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina
A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. The Constitution of North Carolina is the state’s fundamental law.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 3: Rights of Citizens
The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties. While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today; this was not always true.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement
In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas. The campaign for equality gained momentum in the 1960s.
Section 1-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Political principles and major events shape how people form governments.
Section 1-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• unicameral
• bicameral
• federal system
Academic Vocabulary
• levy
• consent
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think the federal government should have more power than state governments?
A. Yes
B. No
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Section 1
Colonial North Carolina
North Carolina’s state and local government developed from the state’s foundation as an English colony.
Section 1
Colonial North Carolina (cont.)
• Colonial North Carolinians defended their “rights as Englishmen.”
– Representative government
– Only elected assembly could levy, or impose taxes.
– Charter of Carolina (1663)
Section 1
Colonial North Carolina (cont.)
• Legislature
– Operated as unicameral, or one house legislature, for more than 30 years
– Adopted bicameral, or two-house, legislature in 1697
– “Power of the purse”
North Carolina Counties, 1775
A. A
B. B
Section 1
A bicameral legislature, compared to a unicameral legislature, better represents the views of the people.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
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Section 1
Toward Independence
After a war lasting several years, the American colonists won their independence from Great Britain.
Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• First in Freedom
– First Provisional Congress (August 25, 1774)
– Elected representatives to the Continental Congress
– Edenton “tea party” (October 1774)
– The Mecklenburg Declaration (May 1775)
Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• Fourth Provisional Congress
– Halifax Resolves (April 12, 1776)
– First colonial government to call for total independence from Great Britain
Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• The Constitutional Convention
– Convened to reform the Articles of Confederation
– The new U.S. Constitution created a federal system of government.
Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
– North Carolina convention in Hillsborough (1788) called for a bill of rights
– Ratification convention in Fayetteville (1789) ratified the U.S. Constitution, confident that a bill of rights would be included
A. A
B. B
Section 1
The North Carolina convention in Hillsborough was correct not to ratify the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
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Section 2-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it.
Section 2-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• preamble
• popular sovereignty
• separation of powers
• checks and balances
• amend
Academic Vocabulary
• similar
• authority
A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
Considering protections offered by the United States Constitution, are state constitutions important in protecting individual rights?
A. Yes
B. No
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Section 2
Power of the People
While differing in details, all state constitutions share many characteristics.
Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• The North Carolina Constitution includes:
– A preamble
– A bill of rights
– An outline of the framework of government
– A listing of state powers and responsibilities
Road to Statehood
Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
– A provision for local government
– An amending clause that details the methods of formal constitutional change
• Popular sovereignty means that people are the ultimate source of power.
Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• Separation of powers
– Government power in North Carolina is divided among the legislature, executive, and judicial branches.
– Articles II, III, and IV of the Constitution of North Carolina spell out limitations and responsibilities of each branch.
Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• A system of checks and balances exists so that each branch of North Carolina government exercises some control over the other.
• The authority to amend, or change, the Constitution of North Carolina is derived from Articles XVIII of the U.S. Constitution.
• The amendment process provides a way the constitution can remain responsive to the needs of a changing state.
A. A
B. B
Section 2
One branch of government should have final authority over the others.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time
The amendment process provides a way for the Constitution of North Carolina to respond to changing times.
Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• The purpose of a constitution:
– To protect the rights of the individual from encroachment by the State
– To provide a framework of government for the state
Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• The Constitution of 1776 (adopted December 18, 1776) established:
– North Carolina General Assembly
– Executive branch divided between the governor and Council of State
– A court system
Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Major changes in 1835:
– Voters gained power to elect the governor and approve or reject constitutional amendments
– Took voting rights away from free men of African decent and Native Americans
Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Constitution of 1971:
– North Carolina’s present constitution
– Guarantees freedom of speech and equal protection of the laws
– Guarantees free elections
Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Later amendments include:
– Changing voting age from 21 to 18 (1972)
– Permitting governor to serve to consecutive four-year terms (1977)
– Power of governor to veto legislation (1996)
A. A
B. B
Section 2
Does limiting a governor to two consecutive terms infringe on the right of the people to choose who they would like to elect?
A. Yes
B. No
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Section 3-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties.
Section 3-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• suffrage
• segregation
Academic Vocabulary
• impose
A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that voting rights should be a state or federal issue?
A. State
B. Federal
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote
While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today, this was not always true.
Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• At independence, voting was limited to free, male, property-owning citizens at least 21 years old
Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) of the United States Constitution:
– Defined a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in the United States
– Required each state to grant its citizens “equal protection of the laws”
– Article I, Section 19 of the Constitution of North Carolina guarantees equal protection
Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) of the United States Constitution:
– Extended voting rights to all male citizens who were 21 years or older
– Specifically excluded “race, creed, color, or previous condition of servitude” as a condition of voting
– Landmark on the road to full suffrage
Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• Fearing the growing influence of African Americans in government, some white leaders led a drive for racial segregation, or separation.
• By 1900, the North Carolina General Assembly had established discriminatory tests that kept most African American and Native American men from voting.
A. A
B. B
Section 3
Should only people who own property be able to vote on property taxes?
A. Yes
B. No
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage
Women struggled for many years to win the right to vote.
Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• Suffrage movement in North Carolina:
– First public woman suffrage meeting in Asheville (November 15, 1894)
– North Carolina Equal Suffrage League (1914)
– Equal Suffrage Bill (1915)
Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920):
– Gave women the right to vote in national elections
– Lillian Exum Clement became first female General Assembly member (1921)
Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• Voting reforms:
– Civil Rights Act of 1964
– Voting Rights Act of 1965
– Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1971)
Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• To vote today in North Carolina a person must:
– Be a citizen of the United States
– Be at least 18 years old by the next general election
– Have lived in his or her voting precinct for at least 30 days
Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
– Not be serving a sentence for conviction as a felon
– Be registered to vote
A. A
B. B
Section 3
Do you think that voter registration should automatically occur when a person turns 18?
A. Yes
B. No
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Section 4-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas.
Section 4-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• civil rights
• boycott
A. A
B. B
Section 4-Polling Question
Do you feel that voting rights should be a state or federal issue?
A. State
B. Federal
0%0%
Section 4
What Are Civil Rights
The democratic ideal is for all people to have equal rights and treatment before the law.
Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Civil rights are the protections granted in the Constitution that recognize that all citizens must be treated equally under the law.
• Racial discrimination is treating members of a race differently.
• Segregation is separation of people from the larger social group.
Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Legalizing segregation:
– Jim Crow laws
– 1875 Constitution of North Carolina
– Plessy v. Ferguson (1876)
Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954):
– Overruled Plessy v. Ferguson
– The Pearsall Commission
Section 4
Moving Toward Integration
The civil rights movement used many tactics to fight segregation.
Section 4
Moving Toward Integration (cont.)
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education declared the Pearsall Plan unconstitutional.
Section 4
Moving Toward Integration (cont.)
• The Sit-in Movement:
– Marches, demonstrations, and boycotts
– F.W. Woolworth’s, Greensboro (February 1960)
– Spread to multiple states
– “Greenville Eight”
A. A
B. B
Section 4
Boycotts are more effective than mass demonstrations in promoting social change.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
VS 1
The Road to Independence
• The Mecklenburg Declaration of 1775 renounces America’s ties with Great Britain.
• The Halifax Resolves of 1776 recommends independence from Great Britain.
• The Declaration of Independence announces the independence of the United States.
VS 2
The Constitution of North Carolina
• The Constitution of North Carolina ensures that the government’s power comes from the people and that the government is limited.
• North Carolina’s declaration of Rights protects the freedom of individual people.
VS 3
The Constitution of North Carolina (cont.)
The Constitution of North Carolina is similar in structure to the U.S. Constitution. It includes the following:
• a preamble
• a bill of rights
• an outline of the framework of government
• a listing of state powers and responsibilities
• a provision for local government
• the methods of amending the constitution
VS 4
Rights of the People
• The Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of Americans.
• Women won the right to vote with passage of the Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
• Groups of African Americans joined together to fight for equality in a struggle called the civil rights movement.
• Reforms in the 1960s protected the rights of citizens to vote.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
TIME Trans
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
DFS Trans 3
DFS Trans 4
Vocab1
unicameral
one-house legislature
Vocab2
bicameral
a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses
Vocab3
federal system
the sharing of power between the central and state governments
Vocab4
levy
to require taxes to be paid
Vocab5
consent
to express willingness or to agree
Vocab6
preamble
the opening section of the Constitution
Vocab7
popular sovereignty
the notion that power lies with the people
Vocab8
separation of powers
the split of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
Vocab9
checks and balances
a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others
Vocab10
amend
to change
Vocab11
similar
having qualities in common or resembling
Vocab12
authority
power or influence over other people or groups; person or persons having the power of government
Vocab13
suffrage
the right to vote
Vocab14
segregation
the social separation of the races
Vocab15
impose
to establish as a charge or penalty
Vocab16
civil rights
the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law
Vocab17
boycott
the refusal to purchase certain goods
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