Spindle:Spindle:

Lower zone table:Lower zone table:

From 2From 2’’--4.54.5’’ of canopyof canopy

There is 7There is 7--8 branches 8 branches spread slight above spread slight above horizontalhorizontal

After training years,After training years,

branches are pruned by branches are pruned by thinning cuts to keep thinning cuts to keep alleys clear.alleys clear.

Due to apical dominanceDue to apical dominance

Leader should be headed Leader should be headed back 50% for 3 wintersback 50% for 3 winters

The first 6 buds are The first 6 buds are removed before bloom removed before bloom just below the heading just below the heading cut.cut.

Use clothes pins to force Use clothes pins to force branch angle to horizontal branch angle to horizontal @ 4@ 4”” growth. (May)growth. (May)

Upper ZoneUpper Zone

Spindle:Spindle:

Once the upper new Once the upper new branch growth reaches branch growth reaches 1010--1212”” (and still succulent)(and still succulent)

Tie or bend down Tie or bend down branches below horizontal branches below horizontal using clothes pins, elastics, using clothes pins, elastics, or cotton stringor cotton string

Continue 3Continue 3--4 years4 years

After 4 years, prune for to After 4 years, prune for to maintain canopy & vigormaintain canopy & vigor

FertilityFertility

•• Determining Fertility needs:Determining Fertility needs:

•• Soil testingSoil testing

•• Leaf analysisLeaf analysis

•• Annual growthAnnual growth

•• Application:Application:

•• TimingTiming

•• AmountAmount

•• Applications methodsApplications methods

Weed ManagementWeed Management

••Why do weeds Why do weeds need to be need to be controlled?controlled?

••Increased insect Increased insect and disease and and disease and rodent coverrodent cover

••Use water and Use water and nutrients intended nutrients intended for the trees.for the trees.

Weed ManagementWeed Management••Can affect Can affect pollination and pollination and fruit setfruit set

Options:Options:

••Mulching Mulching (materials, depth (materials, depth and area)and area)

••Chemical weed Chemical weed control control (conventional and (conventional and organic)organic)

Moisture RequirementsMoisture RequirementsAt Planting:At Planting:

22--3 gals/ 13 gals/ 1--2 weeks 2 weeks depending on weather depending on weather

•• Soil type and Soil type and weather conditionsweather conditions

•• About 1About 1””/week later /week later in season (62 gals/100 in season (62 gals/100 sq. ft. of area)sq. ft. of area)

Moisture RequirementsMoisture Requirements

Trees on Trees on gieslagiesla need need consistent regular consistent regular irrigation.irrigation.

If using a dip hose use If using a dip hose use 2 lines.2 lines.

Measure time to Measure time to deliver needed deliver needed amount.amount.

Moisture RequirementsMoisture Requirements

•• If rainfall is less than If rainfall is less than 11””/week/week

•• Trees 4 or more Trees 4 or more years old need 12years old need 12--16 16 gals/tree 2x/weekgals/tree 2x/week

Managing Fruit Pest ProblemsManaging Fruit Pest Problems

Factors to Consider:Factors to Consider:

•• Location (in reference Location (in reference to old orchards)to old orchards)

•• Fruits & varieties Fruits & varieties growngrown

•• Cultural care and site Cultural care and site considerationsconsiderations

•• Products available to Products available to useuse

Managing Fruit Pest ProblemsManaging Fruit Pest Problems

•• Application equipmentApplication equipment

•• Monitoring for pestsMonitoring for pests

•• Weather (present and Weather (present and effects from previous year)effects from previous year)

•• Timing & application Timing & application frequency and amount to frequency and amount to useuse

•• When to stop treatingWhen to stop treating

•• SprayersSprayers

•• Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

•• Weather conditions & Weather conditions & product longevityproduct longevity

•• PrePre--harvest intervalsharvest intervals

•• Mixing and loadingMixing and loading

•• How to avoid mixing too How to avoid mixing too muchmuch

•• CleanClean--upup

•• Sprayer storageSprayer storage

Important PointsImportant Points

Pest Management Pest Management (diseases/insects/wildlife)(diseases/insects/wildlife)

••Major Pest Problems:Major Pest Problems:

••DiseasesDiseases

••Black Knot (plum and cherry)Black Knot (plum and cherry)

••Brown rot (all stone fruits)Brown rot (all stone fruits)

••Cherry leaf spotCherry leaf spot

••InsectsInsects

••Oriental fruit mothOriental fruit moth

••Plum Plum cucurliocucurlio

••Peach tree borersPeach tree borers

••Japanese BeetleJapanese Beetle

••Cherry fruit flyCherry fruit fly

NCRNCR--4545

E E -- 154154

NCRNCR--6363

Plant health management strategyPlant health management strategy•• Emphasis should be Emphasis should be placed on preventionplaced on prevention

•• Use resistant varieties Use resistant varieties when availablewhen available

•• Cultural practices that Cultural practices that keep the plant healthy keep the plant healthy and avoid insects & and avoid insects & diseasesdiseases

•• Proper diagnosis of the Proper diagnosis of the problem is essential problem is essential (options)(options)

•• Read the label before Read the label before purchasing the productpurchasing the product

Brown RotBrown Rot

Type of problemType of problem

Favorable ConditionsFavorable Conditions

Fruits affectedFruits affected

Treatment materials:Treatment materials:

CaptanCaptan (g) (g) DaconilDaconil (g) sulfur (f)(g) sulfur (f)

Cherries: preCherries: pre--bloom bloom –– Shuck split Shuck split (tart) continue for sweet (tart) continue for sweet tiltil prepre--harvest if needed.harvest if needed.

Non chemical things to do:Non chemical things to do:

Clean up all mummiesClean up all mummies

Bacterial CankerBacterial Canker

PathogenPathogen

Younger trees Younger trees vsvs maturemature

Prolonged periods of Prolonged periods of cold, wet weather with cold, wet weather with late spring frostslate spring frosts

What to look for. What to look for.

Bacterial CankerBacterial Canker

Management:Management:

Avoid stressAvoid stress

Weed controlWeed control

DonDon’’t prune within 72 t prune within 72 hrs of predicted rain.hrs of predicted rain.

DonDon’’t t interplaceinterplace new new with old treeswith old trees

Reduce irrigation late Reduce irrigation late summersummer

Bacterial CankerBacterial Canker

Management:Management:

MazzardMazzard rootstock most rootstock most resistant F12resistant F12--1 1

Avoid tree injuryAvoid tree injury

Bacterial CankerBacterial CankerManagement:Management:

To prevent blossom blight, leaf and fruit spot stages use 1.6 oz per 10 gallons of Tennessee Brand Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate. Timing: bud burst stage and repeat applications at weekly intervals to late May.

Cherry Leaf SpotCherry Leaf SpotType of problemType of problem

Favorable ConditionsFavorable Conditions

Treatment materials:Treatment materials:

DaconilDaconil (f) (f) ImmunoxImmunox((e)Checke)Check labellabel

Timing:Timing:Petal fall Petal fall –– prepre--harvest then harvest then post harvestpost harvest

Non chemical things to do: Non chemical things to do: SanitationSanitation